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Talking transgenics
: towards establishing transgenic bats as a mammalian model of vocal learning

Student thesis: Doctoral Thesis (PhD)

Abstract

Research into the biological basis of human speech and language has been constrained by the limited availability of mammalian model systems that permit functional characterisation across the levels of gene, brain and behaviour. To address this, I developed a flexible transient transgenic toolkit for Phyllostomus discolor, a mammalian vocal learner, to investigate the functions of the language-associated gene FOXP2. I first identified viral delivery systems suitable for transgenesis in the bat brain and show that, while lentiviruses were ineffective in vivo, AAV5 produced strong and consistent transgene expression across multiple brain regions. Using this toolkit, I developed a novel FoxP2 knock-in strategy and used it to examine transcriptomic effects of FoxP2 overexpression in the adult bat cortex. Differential expression of immune-related genes, but not canonical FOXP2 target pathways, suggest that viral response may obscure FoxP2-dependent transcriptional changes in bats in vivo. In parallel, I designed CRISPR/Cas9 constructs that successfully disrupted FOXP2 in vitro in both human and bat cells. However, these constructs did not produce consistent knockdown in vivo, indicating that FoxP2 may be subject to robust regulatory control in the bat brain. Finally, I carried out comparative transcriptomic analyses across species, revealing that humans and P. discolor bats share striking diversity of FoxP2 isoforms in the brain. These species variants of FoxP2 also share conserved roles in neurodevelopment, learning and synaptic transmission. Together, these findings show that comparative investigation of a mammalian vocal learner can illuminate both conserved and species-specific aspects of FOXP2 function. Furthermore, the development of a transient transgenic toolkit for a mammalian vocal learner will allow exploration of the functional consequences of FOXP2 manipulation at the levels of gene, brain, and behaviour. A clear understanding of FOXP2 mechanisms in the mammalian brain may ultimately shed light on the biological basis of human speech and language.
Date of Award30 Jun 2026
Original languageEnglish
Awarding Institution
  • University of St Andrews
SupervisorSonja Vernes (Supervisor)

Keywords

  • FOXP2
  • Neurogenetics
  • Language
  • Vocal learning
  • Chiroptera

Access Status

  • Full text embargoed until
  • 08 Jun 2028

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