Volume perception: disparity extraction and depth representation in complex three dimensional environments

Our sensitivity to binocular disparity is exquisite under the best conditions, typically in uncluttered scenes with few small objects. Yet binocular vision can deliver a very strong impression of depth for complex, cluttered scenes with lots of objects and overlaps. How good is disparity processing under these conditions? Here we explored a novel task: depth volume perception, to study how a global representation of depth is obtained using binocular disparity information. We found that the human visual system is sensitive to depth volume, but that the volume perceived is dependent on the local and global arrangement of scene content. We also show how a model of early disparity extraction and combination can account for some of the biases found. Our work shows that the visual system is not able to correctly represent and interpret disparity for all locations in a complex three dimensional scene.