Understanding the origins of problem geomagnetic storms associated with "stealth" coronal mass ejections

Nariaki V Nitta; Tamitha Mulligan; Emilia K J Kilpua; Benjamin J Lynch; Marilena Mierla; Jennifer O'Kane; Paolo Pagano; Erika Palmerio; Jens Pomoell; Ian R Richardson; Luciano Rodriguez; Alexis P Rouillard; Suvadip Sinha; Nandita Srivastava; Dana-Camelia Talpeanu; Stephanie L Yardley; Andrei N Zhukov

doi:10.1007/s11214-021-00857-0

Understanding the origins of problem geomagnetic storms associated with "stealth" coronal mass ejections

Nariaki V Nitta, Tamitha Mulligan, Emilia K J Kilpua, Benjamin J Lynch, Marilena Mierla, Jennifer O'Kane, Paolo Pagano, Erika Palmerio, Jens Pomoell, Ian R Richardson, Luciano Rodriguez, Alexis P Rouillard, Suvadip Sinha, Nandita Srivastava, Dana-Camelia Talpeanu, Stephanie L Yardley, Andrei N Zhukov

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Abstract

Geomagnetic storms are an important aspect of space weather and can result in significant impacts on space- and ground-based assets. The majority of strong storms are associated with the passage of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) in the near-Earth environment. In many cases, these ICMEs can be traced back unambiguously to a specific coronal mass ejection (CME) and solar activity on the frontside of the Sun. Hence, predicting the arrival of ICMEs at Earth from routine observations of CMEs and solar activity currently makes a major contribution to the forecasting of geomagnetic storms. However, it is clear that some ICMEs, which may also cause enhanced geomagnetic activity, cannot be traced back to an observed CME, or, if the CME is identified, its origin may be elusive or ambiguous in coronal images. Such CMEs have been termed "stealth CMEs". In this review, we focus on these "problem" geomagnetic storms in the sense that the solar/CME precursors are enigmatic and stealthy. We start by reviewing evidence for stealth CMEs discussed in past studies. We then identify several moderate to strong geomagnetic storms (minimum Dst

Original language	English
Article number	82
Number of pages	53
Journal	Space Science Reviews
Volume	217
Issue number	8
Early online date	3 Nov 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-021-00857-0
Publication status	Published - Dec 2021

Keywords

Coronal Mass Ejections
Space Weather
Magnetic Storms
Low-Coronal Signatures

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Solar and Magnetospheric: Solar and Magnetospheric Magnetohydrodynamics and Plasmas: Theory and Application
Hood, A. W. (PI), Archontis, V. (CoI), De Moortel, I. (CoI), Mackay, D. H. (CoI), Neukirch, T. (CoI), Parnell, C. E. (CoI) & Wright, A. N. (CoI)
Science & Technology Facilities Council
1/04/19 → 31/03/22
Project: Standard

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Nitta, N. V., Mulligan, T., Kilpua, E. K. J., Lynch, B. J., Mierla, M., O'Kane, J., Pagano, P., Palmerio, E., Pomoell, J., Richardson, I. R., Rodriguez, L., Rouillard, A. P., Sinha, S., Srivastava, N., Talpeanu, D.-C., Yardley, S. L., & Zhukov, A. N. (2021). Understanding the origins of problem geomagnetic storms associated with "stealth" coronal mass ejections. Space Science Reviews, 217(8), Article 82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-021-00857-0

@article{ace96fecc68446b5a1fa52bab09bbd46,

title = "Understanding the origins of problem geomagnetic storms associated with {"}stealth{"} coronal mass ejections",

abstract = "Geomagnetic storms are an important aspect of space weather and can result in significant impacts on space- and ground-based assets. The majority of strong storms are associated with the passage of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) in the near-Earth environment. In many cases, these ICMEs can be traced back unambiguously to a specific coronal mass ejection (CME) and solar activity on the frontside of the Sun. Hence, predicting the arrival of ICMEs at Earth from routine observations of CMEs and solar activity currently makes a major contribution to the forecasting of geomagnetic storms. However, it is clear that some ICMEs, which may also cause enhanced geomagnetic activity, cannot be traced back to an observed CME, or, if the CME is identified, its origin may be elusive or ambiguous in coronal images. Such CMEs have been termed {"}stealth CMEs{"}. In this review, we focus on these {"}problem{"} geomagnetic storms in the sense that the solar/CME precursors are enigmatic and stealthy. We start by reviewing evidence for stealth CMEs discussed in past studies. We then identify several moderate to strong geomagnetic storms (minimum Dst",

keywords = "Coronal Mass Ejections, Space Weather, Magnetic Storms, Low-Coronal Signatures",

author = "Nitta, {Nariaki V} and Tamitha Mulligan and Kilpua, {Emilia K J} and Lynch, {Benjamin J} and Marilena Mierla and Jennifer O'Kane and Paolo Pagano and Erika Palmerio and Jens Pomoell and Richardson, {Ian R} and Luciano Rodriguez and Rouillard, {Alexis P} and Suvadip Sinha and Nandita Srivastava and Dana-Camelia Talpeanu and Yardley, {Stephanie L} and Zhukov, {Andrei N}",

note = "Funding: This work was supported by NASA AIA contract NNG04EA00C, and NRL STEREO/SECCHI contracts N00173-15-C-2016 and N00173-19-C-2011, all to LMSAL. N.V.N. and T.M. were supported by NASA grant NNX17AB73G. E.K.J.K. and J.P. acknowledge the Finnish Centre of Excellence in Research of Sustainable Space (FORESAIL; Academy of Finland grant no. 312390), and the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme Project 724391 (SolMAG). E.K.J.K. also acknowledges Academy of Finland Project 310445 (SMASH). B.J.L. acknowledges support from NASA 80NSSC19K0088 and NSF AGS 1851945. M.M., L.R., D.-C.T., and A.N.Z. thank the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) for their support in the framework of the PRODEX Programme. E.P. is supported by the NASA Living With a Star (LWS) Jack Eddy Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, administered by UCAR{\textquoteright}s Cooperative Programs for the Advancement of Earth System Science (CPAESS) under award no. NNX16AK22G. I.G.R. acknowledges support from the ACE and STEREO missions and NASA program NNH17ZDA001N-LWS. D.-C.T. was funded by the Ph.D. fellowship of the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO), contract no. 1118920N. S.L.Y. would like to acknowledge STFC for support via the consolidated grant SMC1/YST037 and NERC for funding via the SWIMMR Aviation Risk and Modelling (SWARM) Project, grant no. NE/V002899/1.",

year = "2021",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1007/s11214-021-00857-0",

language = "English",

volume = "217",

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Nitta, NV, Mulligan, T, Kilpua, EKJ, Lynch, BJ, Mierla, M, O'Kane, J, Pagano, P, Palmerio, E, Pomoell, J, Richardson, IR, Rodriguez, L, Rouillard, AP, Sinha, S, Srivastava, N, Talpeanu, D-C, Yardley, SL & Zhukov, AN 2021, 'Understanding the origins of problem geomagnetic storms associated with "stealth" coronal mass ejections', Space Science Reviews, vol. 217, no. 8, 82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-021-00857-0

TY - JOUR

T1 - Understanding the origins of problem geomagnetic storms associated with "stealth" coronal mass ejections

AU - Nitta, Nariaki V

AU - Mulligan, Tamitha

AU - Kilpua, Emilia K J

AU - Lynch, Benjamin J

AU - Mierla, Marilena

AU - O'Kane, Jennifer

AU - Pagano, Paolo

AU - Palmerio, Erika

AU - Pomoell, Jens

AU - Richardson, Ian R

AU - Rodriguez, Luciano

AU - Rouillard, Alexis P

AU - Sinha, Suvadip

AU - Srivastava, Nandita

AU - Talpeanu, Dana-Camelia

AU - Yardley, Stephanie L

AU - Zhukov, Andrei N

N1 - Funding: This work was supported by NASA AIA contract NNG04EA00C, and NRL STEREO/SECCHI contracts N00173-15-C-2016 and N00173-19-C-2011, all to LMSAL. N.V.N. and T.M. were supported by NASA grant NNX17AB73G. E.K.J.K. and J.P. acknowledge the Finnish Centre of Excellence in Research of Sustainable Space (FORESAIL; Academy of Finland grant no. 312390), and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme Project 724391 (SolMAG). E.K.J.K. also acknowledges Academy of Finland Project 310445 (SMASH). B.J.L. acknowledges support from NASA 80NSSC19K0088 and NSF AGS 1851945. M.M., L.R., D.-C.T., and A.N.Z. thank the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) for their support in the framework of the PRODEX Programme. E.P. is supported by the NASA Living With a Star (LWS) Jack Eddy Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, administered by UCAR’s Cooperative Programs for the Advancement of Earth System Science (CPAESS) under award no. NNX16AK22G. I.G.R. acknowledges support from the ACE and STEREO missions and NASA program NNH17ZDA001N-LWS. D.-C.T. was funded by the Ph.D. fellowship of the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO), contract no. 1118920N. S.L.Y. would like to acknowledge STFC for support via the consolidated grant SMC1/YST037 and NERC for funding via the SWIMMR Aviation Risk and Modelling (SWARM) Project, grant no. NE/V002899/1.

PY - 2021/12

Y1 - 2021/12

N2 - Geomagnetic storms are an important aspect of space weather and can result in significant impacts on space- and ground-based assets. The majority of strong storms are associated with the passage of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) in the near-Earth environment. In many cases, these ICMEs can be traced back unambiguously to a specific coronal mass ejection (CME) and solar activity on the frontside of the Sun. Hence, predicting the arrival of ICMEs at Earth from routine observations of CMEs and solar activity currently makes a major contribution to the forecasting of geomagnetic storms. However, it is clear that some ICMEs, which may also cause enhanced geomagnetic activity, cannot be traced back to an observed CME, or, if the CME is identified, its origin may be elusive or ambiguous in coronal images. Such CMEs have been termed "stealth CMEs". In this review, we focus on these "problem" geomagnetic storms in the sense that the solar/CME precursors are enigmatic and stealthy. We start by reviewing evidence for stealth CMEs discussed in past studies. We then identify several moderate to strong geomagnetic storms (minimum Dst

AB - Geomagnetic storms are an important aspect of space weather and can result in significant impacts on space- and ground-based assets. The majority of strong storms are associated with the passage of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) in the near-Earth environment. In many cases, these ICMEs can be traced back unambiguously to a specific coronal mass ejection (CME) and solar activity on the frontside of the Sun. Hence, predicting the arrival of ICMEs at Earth from routine observations of CMEs and solar activity currently makes a major contribution to the forecasting of geomagnetic storms. However, it is clear that some ICMEs, which may also cause enhanced geomagnetic activity, cannot be traced back to an observed CME, or, if the CME is identified, its origin may be elusive or ambiguous in coronal images. Such CMEs have been termed "stealth CMEs". In this review, we focus on these "problem" geomagnetic storms in the sense that the solar/CME precursors are enigmatic and stealthy. We start by reviewing evidence for stealth CMEs discussed in past studies. We then identify several moderate to strong geomagnetic storms (minimum Dst

KW - Coronal Mass Ejections

KW - Space Weather

KW - Magnetic Storms

KW - Low-Coronal Signatures

U2 - 10.1007/s11214-021-00857-0

DO - 10.1007/s11214-021-00857-0

M3 - Article

SN - 0038-6308

VL - 217

JO - Space Science Reviews

JF - Space Science Reviews

IS - 8

M1 - 82

ER -

Understanding the origins of problem geomagnetic storms associated with "stealth" coronal mass ejections

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Solar and Magnetospheric: Solar and Magnetospheric Magnetohydrodynamics and Plasmas: Theory and Application

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