Trio of super-Earth candidates orbiting K-dwarf HD 48948: a new habitable zone candidate

S Dalal; F Rescigno; M Cretignier; A Anna John; F Z Majidi; L Malavolta; A Mortier; M Pinamonti; L A Buchhave; R D Haywood; A Sozzetti; X Dumusque; F Lienhard; K Rice; A Vanderburg; B Lakeland; A S Bonomo; A Collier Cameron; M Damasso; L Affer; W Boschin; B Cooke; R Cosentino; L Di Fabrizio; A Ghedina; A Harutyunyan; D W Latham; M López-Morales; C Lovis; A F Martínez Fiorenzano; M Mayor; B Nicholson; F Pepe; M Stalport; S Udry; C A Watson; T G Wilson

doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1367

Trio of super-Earth candidates orbiting K-dwarf HD 48948: a new habitable zone candidate

S Dalal^*, F Rescigno, M Cretignier, A Anna John, F Z Majidi, L Malavolta, A Mortier, M Pinamonti, L A Buchhave, R D Haywood, A Sozzetti, X Dumusque, F Lienhard, K Rice, A Vanderburg, B Lakeland, A S Bonomo, A Collier Cameron, M Damasso, L AfferW Boschin, B Cooke, R Cosentino, L Di Fabrizio, A Ghedina, A Harutyunyan, D W Latham, M López-Morales, C Lovis, A F Martínez Fiorenzano, M Mayor, B Nicholson, F Pepe, M Stalport, S Udry, C A Watson, T G Wilson

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We present the discovery of three super-Earth candidates orbiting HD 48948, a bright K-dwarf star with an apparent magnitude of m_V = 8.58 mag. As part of the HARPS-N Rocky Planet Search programme, we collect 189 high-precision radial velocity measurements using the HARPS-N spectrograph from 2013 October 6, to 2023 April 16. Various methodologies are applied to extract the radial velocities from the spectra, and we conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of the outcomes obtained through these diverse extraction techniques. To ensure the robustness of our findings, we employ several methods to address stellar variability, with a focus on Gaussian Process regression. To account for the impact of stellar variability and correlated noise in the radial velocity data set, we include activity indicators, such as logR′_HK and bisector span, in the multidimensional Gaussian Process regression. Our analysis reveals three planetary candidates with orbital periods of 7.3, 38, and 151 d, and minimum masses estimated at 4.88±0.21 M ⊕ , 7.27±0.70 M ⊕ , and 10.59±1.00 M ⊕ , respectively. The outermost planet resides within the (temperate) habitable zone, positioned at a projected distance of 0.029arcsec from its star. Given the close proximity of this planetary system, situated at a distance of 16.8 parsecs, HD 48498 emerges as a promising target (closest super-Earth around FGK stars) for future high-contrast direct imaging and high-resolution spectroscopic studies.

Original language	English
Article number	stae1367
Pages (from-to)	4464-4481
Number of pages	18
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	531
Issue number	4
Early online date	24 Jun 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1367
Publication status	Published - Jul 2024

Keywords

Techniques: radial velocities
Planets and satellites: detection
Stars: activity
Methods: statistical
Stars: rotation
Instrumentation: spectrographs

Access to Document

10.1093/mnras/stae1367Licence: CC BY

Dalal-2024-Trio-of-super-earth-candidates-531-4-4464-CCBY
Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Final published version, 10.5 MBLicence: CC BY

https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024MNRAS.531.4464D/abstract

AO2 - Professor Andrew Cameron: Project AO2 - Andrew Cameron
Cameron, A. C. (PI)
Science & Technology Facilities Council
1/04/21 → 31/03/24
Project: Standard
Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021: Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021
Jardine, M. M. (PI), Bonnell, I. A. (CoI), Cameron, A. C. (CoI), Cyganowski, C. J. (CoI), Dominik, M. (CoI), Helling, C. (CoI), Horne, K. D. (CoI), Scholz, A. (CoI), Tojeiro, R. (CoI), Weijmans, A.-M. (CoI), Wild, V. (CoI), Woitke, P. (CoI), Wood, K. (CoI) & Zhao, H. (CoI)
1/04/18 → 31/03/22
Project: Standard
Support for the PLATO Development: Support for the PLATO Development Phase 2017-2022: Planet candidate ranking and validation
Cameron, A. C. (PI)
Science & Technology Facilities Council
1/08/17 → 31/12/22
Project: Standard

Cite this

Dalal, S., Rescigno, F., Cretignier, M., Anna John, A., Majidi, F. Z., Malavolta, L., Mortier, A., Pinamonti, M., Buchhave, L. A., Haywood, R. D., Sozzetti, A., Dumusque, X., Lienhard, F., Rice, K., Vanderburg, A., Lakeland, B., Bonomo, A. S., Cameron, A. C., Damasso, M., ... Wilson, T. G. (2024). Trio of super-Earth candidates orbiting K-dwarf HD 48948: a new habitable zone candidate. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 531(4), 4464-4481. Article stae1367. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1367

@article{bf76df2983794f358113d01998b5dd7a,

title = "Trio of super-Earth candidates orbiting K-dwarf HD 48948: a new habitable zone candidate",

abstract = "We present the discovery of three super-Earth candidates orbiting HD 48948, a bright K-dwarf star with an apparent magnitude of mV = 8.58 mag. As part of the HARPS-N Rocky Planet Search programme, we collect 189 high-precision radial velocity measurements using the HARPS-N spectrograph from 2013 October 6, to 2023 April 16. Various methodologies are applied to extract the radial velocities from the spectra, and we conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of the outcomes obtained through these diverse extraction techniques. To ensure the robustness of our findings, we employ several methods to address stellar variability, with a focus on Gaussian Process regression. To account for the impact of stellar variability and correlated noise in the radial velocity data set, we include activity indicators, such as logR′HK and bisector span, in the multidimensional Gaussian Process regression. Our analysis reveals three planetary candidates with orbital periods of 7.3, 38, and 151 d, and minimum masses estimated at 4.88±0.21 M ⊕ , 7.27±0.70 M ⊕ , and 10.59±1.00 M ⊕ , respectively. The outermost planet resides within the (temperate) habitable zone, positioned at a projected distance of 0.029arcsec from its star. Given the close proximity of this planetary system, situated at a distance of 16.8 parsecs, HD 48498 emerges as a promising target (closest super-Earth around FGK stars) for future high-contrast direct imaging and high-resolution spectroscopic studies.",

keywords = "Techniques: radial velocities, Planets and satellites: detection, Stars: activity, Methods: statistical, Stars: rotation, Instrumentation: spectrographs",

author = "S Dalal and F Rescigno and M Cretignier and A Anna John and Majidi, {F Z} and L Malavolta and A Mortier and M Pinamonti and Buchhave, {L A} and Haywood, {R D} and A Sozzetti and X Dumusque and F Lienhard and K Rice and A Vanderburg and B Lakeland and Bonomo, {A S} and Cameron, {A Collier} and M Damasso and L Affer and W Boschin and B Cooke and R Cosentino and Fabrizio, {L Di} and A Ghedina and A Harutyunyan and Latham, {D W} and M L{\'o}pez-Morales and C Lovis and Fiorenzano, {A F Mart{\'i}nez} and M Mayor and B Nicholson and F Pepe and M Stalport and S Udry and Watson, {C A} and Wilson, {T G}",

note = "Funding: SD acknowledges support from the STFC consolidated grant no. ST/V000721/1. FR is funded by the University of Exeter{\textquoteright}s College of Engineering, Maths and Physical Sciences, UK. ACC acknowledges support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant no. ST/R003203/1. KR is grateful for support from UK STFC via consolidated grant no. ST/V000594/1. RDH is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC){\textquoteright}s Ernest Rutherford Fellowship (grant number ST/V004735/1). MC acknowledges the SNSF support under grant P500PT 211024. AS, ASB, and MD gratefully acknowledge support from the {\textquoteleft}Programma di Ricerca Fondamentale INAF 2023{\textquoteright} of the National Institute of Astrophysics (Large Grant 2023 EXODEMO). MP acknowledges support from the Italian Space Agency (ASI) under contract 2018-24-HH.0 {\textquoteleft}The Italian participation to the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC){\textquoteright} in collaboration with the Italian National Institute of Astrophysics. MP also acknowledges support from the European Union – NextGenerationEU (PRIN MUR 2022 20229R43BH) and the {\textquoteleft}Programma di Ricerca Fondamentale INAF 2023{\textquoteright}. FPE and CLO would like to acknowledge the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) for supporting research with HARPS-N through the SNSF grant numbers 140649, 152721, 166227, 184618, and 215190.",

year = "2024",

month = jul,

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stae1367",

language = "English",

volume = "531",

pages = "4464--4481",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "4",

}

Dalal, S, Rescigno, F, Cretignier, M, Anna John, A, Majidi, FZ, Malavolta, L, Mortier, A, Pinamonti, M, Buchhave, LA, Haywood, RD, Sozzetti, A, Dumusque, X, Lienhard, F, Rice, K, Vanderburg, A, Lakeland, B, Bonomo, AS, Cameron, AC, Damasso, M, Affer, L, Boschin, W, Cooke, B, Cosentino, R, Fabrizio, LD, Ghedina, A, Harutyunyan, A, Latham, DW, López-Morales, M, Lovis, C, Fiorenzano, AFM, Mayor, M, Nicholson, B, Pepe, F, Stalport, M, Udry, S, Watson, CA & Wilson, TG 2024, 'Trio of super-Earth candidates orbiting K-dwarf HD 48948: a new habitable zone candidate', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 531, no. 4, stae1367, pp. 4464-4481. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1367

TY - JOUR

T1 - Trio of super-Earth candidates orbiting K-dwarf HD 48948

T2 - a new habitable zone candidate

AU - Dalal, S

AU - Rescigno, F

AU - Cretignier, M

AU - Anna John, A

AU - Majidi, F Z

AU - Malavolta, L

AU - Mortier, A

AU - Pinamonti, M

AU - Buchhave, L A

AU - Haywood, R D

AU - Sozzetti, A

AU - Dumusque, X

AU - Lienhard, F

AU - Rice, K

AU - Vanderburg, A

AU - Lakeland, B

AU - Bonomo, A S

AU - Cameron, A Collier

AU - Damasso, M

AU - Affer, L

AU - Boschin, W

AU - Cooke, B

AU - Cosentino, R

AU - Fabrizio, L Di

AU - Ghedina, A

AU - Harutyunyan, A

AU - Latham, D W

AU - López-Morales, M

AU - Lovis, C

AU - Fiorenzano, A F Martínez

AU - Mayor, M

AU - Nicholson, B

AU - Pepe, F

AU - Stalport, M

AU - Udry, S

AU - Watson, C A

AU - Wilson, T G

N1 - Funding: SD acknowledges support from the STFC consolidated grant no. ST/V000721/1. FR is funded by the University of Exeter’s College of Engineering, Maths and Physical Sciences, UK. ACC acknowledges support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant no. ST/R003203/1. KR is grateful for support from UK STFC via consolidated grant no. ST/V000594/1. RDH is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)’s Ernest Rutherford Fellowship (grant number ST/V004735/1). MC acknowledges the SNSF support under grant P500PT 211024. AS, ASB, and MD gratefully acknowledge support from the ‘Programma di Ricerca Fondamentale INAF 2023’ of the National Institute of Astrophysics (Large Grant 2023 EXODEMO). MP acknowledges support from the Italian Space Agency (ASI) under contract 2018-24-HH.0 ‘The Italian participation to the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC)’ in collaboration with the Italian National Institute of Astrophysics. MP also acknowledges support from the European Union – NextGenerationEU (PRIN MUR 2022 20229R43BH) and the ‘Programma di Ricerca Fondamentale INAF 2023’. FPE and CLO would like to acknowledge the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) for supporting research with HARPS-N through the SNSF grant numbers 140649, 152721, 166227, 184618, and 215190.

PY - 2024/7

Y1 - 2024/7

N2 - We present the discovery of three super-Earth candidates orbiting HD 48948, a bright K-dwarf star with an apparent magnitude of mV = 8.58 mag. As part of the HARPS-N Rocky Planet Search programme, we collect 189 high-precision radial velocity measurements using the HARPS-N spectrograph from 2013 October 6, to 2023 April 16. Various methodologies are applied to extract the radial velocities from the spectra, and we conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of the outcomes obtained through these diverse extraction techniques. To ensure the robustness of our findings, we employ several methods to address stellar variability, with a focus on Gaussian Process regression. To account for the impact of stellar variability and correlated noise in the radial velocity data set, we include activity indicators, such as logR′HK and bisector span, in the multidimensional Gaussian Process regression. Our analysis reveals three planetary candidates with orbital periods of 7.3, 38, and 151 d, and minimum masses estimated at 4.88±0.21 M ⊕ , 7.27±0.70 M ⊕ , and 10.59±1.00 M ⊕ , respectively. The outermost planet resides within the (temperate) habitable zone, positioned at a projected distance of 0.029arcsec from its star. Given the close proximity of this planetary system, situated at a distance of 16.8 parsecs, HD 48498 emerges as a promising target (closest super-Earth around FGK stars) for future high-contrast direct imaging and high-resolution spectroscopic studies.

AB - We present the discovery of three super-Earth candidates orbiting HD 48948, a bright K-dwarf star with an apparent magnitude of mV = 8.58 mag. As part of the HARPS-N Rocky Planet Search programme, we collect 189 high-precision radial velocity measurements using the HARPS-N spectrograph from 2013 October 6, to 2023 April 16. Various methodologies are applied to extract the radial velocities from the spectra, and we conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of the outcomes obtained through these diverse extraction techniques. To ensure the robustness of our findings, we employ several methods to address stellar variability, with a focus on Gaussian Process regression. To account for the impact of stellar variability and correlated noise in the radial velocity data set, we include activity indicators, such as logR′HK and bisector span, in the multidimensional Gaussian Process regression. Our analysis reveals three planetary candidates with orbital periods of 7.3, 38, and 151 d, and minimum masses estimated at 4.88±0.21 M ⊕ , 7.27±0.70 M ⊕ , and 10.59±1.00 M ⊕ , respectively. The outermost planet resides within the (temperate) habitable zone, positioned at a projected distance of 0.029arcsec from its star. Given the close proximity of this planetary system, situated at a distance of 16.8 parsecs, HD 48498 emerges as a promising target (closest super-Earth around FGK stars) for future high-contrast direct imaging and high-resolution spectroscopic studies.

KW - Techniques: radial velocities

KW - Planets and satellites: detection

KW - Stars: activity

KW - Methods: statistical

KW - Stars: rotation

KW - Instrumentation: spectrographs

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stae1367

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stae1367

M3 - Article

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 531

SP - 4464

EP - 4481

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 4

M1 - stae1367

ER -

Trio of super-Earth candidates orbiting K-dwarf HD 48948: a new habitable zone candidate

Abstract

Keywords

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Projects

AO2 - Professor Andrew Cameron: Project AO2 - Andrew Cameron

Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021: Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021

Support for the PLATO Development: Support for the PLATO Development Phase 2017-2022: Planet candidate ranking and validation

Cite this