Transit timing variations in the WASP-4 planetary system

John Southworth; M. Dominik; U. G. Jorgensen; M. I. Andersen; V. Bozza; M. J. Burgdorf; G. D'Ago; S. Dib; R. Figuera Jaimes; Y. I. Fujii; S. Gill; L. K. Haikala; T. C. Hinse; M. Hundertmark; E. Khalouei; H. Korhonen; P. Longa-Peña; L. Mancini; N. Peixinho; M. Rabus; S. Rahvar; S. Sajadian; J. Skottfelt; C. Snodgrass; P. Spyratos; J. Tregloan-Reed; E. Unda-Sanzana; C. von Essen

doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2602

Transit timing variations in the WASP-4 planetary system

John Southworth, M. Dominik, U. G. Jorgensen, M. I. Andersen, V. Bozza, M. J. Burgdorf, G. D'Ago, S. Dib, R. Figuera Jaimes, Y. I. Fujii, S. Gill, L. K. Haikala, T. C. Hinse, M. Hundertmark, E. Khalouei, H. Korhonen, P. Longa-Peña, L. Mancini, N. Peixinho, M. RabusS. Rahvar, S. Sajadian, J. Skottfelt, C. Snodgrass, P. Spyratos, J. Tregloan-Reed, E. Unda-Sanzana, C. von Essen

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Transits in the planetary system WASP-4 were recently found to occur 80 s earlier than expected in observations from the TESS satellite. We present 22 new times of mid-transit that confirm the existence of transit timing variations, and are well fitted by a quadratic ephemeris with period decay dP/dt = −9.2 ± 1.1 ms yr⁻¹. We rule out instrumental issues, stellar activity and the Applegate mechanism as possible causes. The light-time effect is also not favoured due to the non-detection of changes in the systemic velocity. Orbital decay and apsidal precession are plausible but unproven. WASP-4 b is only the third hot Jupiter known to show transit timing variations to high confidence. We discuss a variety of observations of this and other planetary systems that would be useful in improving our understanding of WASP-4 in particular and orbital decay in general.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	4230-4236
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	490
Issue number	3
Early online date	19 Sept 2019
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2602
Publication status	Published - Dec 2019

Keywords

Planetary systems
Stars: fundemental parameters
Stars:activity
Stars: individual: WASP-4

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10.1093/mnras/stz2602

Southworth-2019-Transit-timing-MNRAS-AAM
Copyright © 2019 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the author created accepted manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2602
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http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019arXiv190708269S

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Southworth, J., Dominik, M., Jorgensen, U. G., Andersen, M. I., Bozza, V., Burgdorf, M. J., D'Ago, G., Dib, S., Figuera Jaimes, R., Fujii, Y. I., Gill, S., Haikala, L. K., Hinse, T. C., Hundertmark, M., Khalouei, E., Korhonen, H., Longa-Peña, P., Mancini, L., Peixinho, N., ... von Essen, C. (2019). Transit timing variations in the WASP-4 planetary system. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 490(3), 4230-4236. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2602

@article{510730f9d6264b63a1f441aa3ab089be,

title = "Transit timing variations in the WASP-4 planetary system",

abstract = "Transits in the planetary system WASP-4 were recently found to occur 80 s earlier than expected in observations from the TESS satellite. We present 22 new times of mid-transit that confirm the existence of transit timing variations, and are well fitted by a quadratic ephemeris with period decay dP/dt = −9.2 ± 1.1 ms yr−1. We rule out instrumental issues, stellar activity and the Applegate mechanism as possible causes. The light-time effect is also not favoured due to the non-detection of changes in the systemic velocity. Orbital decay and apsidal precession are plausible but unproven. WASP-4 b is only the third hot Jupiter known to show transit timing variations to high confidence. We discuss a variety of observations of this and other planetary systems that would be useful in improving our understanding of WASP-4 in particular and orbital decay in general.",

keywords = "Planetary systems, Stars: fundemental parameters, Stars:activity, Stars: individual: WASP-4",

author = "John Southworth and M. Dominik and Jorgensen, {U. G.} and Andersen, {M. I.} and V. Bozza and Burgdorf, {M. J.} and G. D'Ago and S. Dib and {Figuera Jaimes}, R. and Fujii, {Y. I.} and S. Gill and Haikala, {L. K.} and Hinse, {T. C.} and M. Hundertmark and E. Khalouei and H. Korhonen and P. Longa-Pe{\~n}a and L. Mancini and N. Peixinho and M. Rabus and S. Rahvar and S. Sajadian and J. Skottfelt and C. Snodgrass and P. Spyratos and J. Tregloan-Reed and E. Unda-Sanzana and {von Essen}, C.",

year = "2019",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stz2602",

language = "English",

volume = "490",

pages = "4230--4236",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

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publisher = "Oxford University Press",

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Southworth, J, Dominik, M, Jorgensen, UG, Andersen, MI, Bozza, V, Burgdorf, MJ, D'Ago, G, Dib, S, Figuera Jaimes, R, Fujii, YI, Gill, S, Haikala, LK, Hinse, TC, Hundertmark, M, Khalouei, E, Korhonen, H, Longa-Peña, P, Mancini, L, Peixinho, N, Rabus, M, Rahvar, S, Sajadian, S, Skottfelt, J, Snodgrass, C, Spyratos, P, Tregloan-Reed, J, Unda-Sanzana, E & von Essen, C 2019, 'Transit timing variations in the WASP-4 planetary system', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 490, no. 3, pp. 4230-4236. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2602

TY - JOUR

T1 - Transit timing variations in the WASP-4 planetary system

AU - Southworth, John

AU - Dominik, M.

AU - Jorgensen, U. G.

AU - Andersen, M. I.

AU - Bozza, V.

AU - Burgdorf, M. J.

AU - D'Ago, G.

AU - Dib, S.

AU - Figuera Jaimes, R.

AU - Fujii, Y. I.

AU - Gill, S.

AU - Haikala, L. K.

AU - Hinse, T. C.

AU - Hundertmark, M.

AU - Khalouei, E.

AU - Korhonen, H.

AU - Longa-Peña, P.

AU - Mancini, L.

AU - Peixinho, N.

AU - Rabus, M.

AU - Rahvar, S.

AU - Sajadian, S.

AU - Skottfelt, J.

AU - Snodgrass, C.

AU - Spyratos, P.

AU - Tregloan-Reed, J.

AU - Unda-Sanzana, E.

AU - von Essen, C.

PY - 2019/12

Y1 - 2019/12

N2 - Transits in the planetary system WASP-4 were recently found to occur 80 s earlier than expected in observations from the TESS satellite. We present 22 new times of mid-transit that confirm the existence of transit timing variations, and are well fitted by a quadratic ephemeris with period decay dP/dt = −9.2 ± 1.1 ms yr−1. We rule out instrumental issues, stellar activity and the Applegate mechanism as possible causes. The light-time effect is also not favoured due to the non-detection of changes in the systemic velocity. Orbital decay and apsidal precession are plausible but unproven. WASP-4 b is only the third hot Jupiter known to show transit timing variations to high confidence. We discuss a variety of observations of this and other planetary systems that would be useful in improving our understanding of WASP-4 in particular and orbital decay in general.

AB - Transits in the planetary system WASP-4 were recently found to occur 80 s earlier than expected in observations from the TESS satellite. We present 22 new times of mid-transit that confirm the existence of transit timing variations, and are well fitted by a quadratic ephemeris with period decay dP/dt = −9.2 ± 1.1 ms yr−1. We rule out instrumental issues, stellar activity and the Applegate mechanism as possible causes. The light-time effect is also not favoured due to the non-detection of changes in the systemic velocity. Orbital decay and apsidal precession are plausible but unproven. WASP-4 b is only the third hot Jupiter known to show transit timing variations to high confidence. We discuss a variety of observations of this and other planetary systems that would be useful in improving our understanding of WASP-4 in particular and orbital decay in general.

KW - Planetary systems

KW - Stars: fundemental parameters

KW - Stars:activity

KW - Stars: individual: WASP-4

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stz2602

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stz2602

M3 - Article

SN - 1365-2966

VL - 490

SP - 4230

EP - 4236

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 3

ER -

Transit timing variations in the WASP-4 planetary system

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Keywords

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