Transit detection of the long-period volatile-rich super-Earth ν2 Lupi d with CHEOPS

Laetitia Delrez; David Ehrenreich; Yann Alibert; Andrea Bonfanti; Luca Borsato; Luca Fossati; Matthew J. Hooton; Sergio Hoyer; Francisco J. Pozuelos; Sébastien Salmon; Sophia Sulis; Thomas G. Wilson; Vardan Adibekyan; Vincent Bourrier; Alexis Brandeker; Sébastien Charnoz; Adrien Deline; Pascal Guterman; Jonas Haldemann; Nathan Hara; Mahmoudreza Oshagh; Sergio G. Sousa; Valérie Van Grootel; Roi Alonso; Guillem Anglada-Escudé; Tamás Bárczy; David Barrado; Susana C. C. Barros; Wolfgang Baumjohann; Mathias Beck; Anja Bekkelien; Willy Benz; Nicolas Billot; Xavier Bonfils; Christopher Broeg; Juan Cabrera; Andrew Collier Cameron; Melvyn B. Davies; Magali Deleuil; Jean-Baptiste Delisle; Olivier D. S. Demangeon; Brice-Olivier Demory; Anders Erikson; Andrea Fortier; Malcolm Fridlund; David Futyan; Davide Gandolfi; Antonio Garcia Muñoz; Michaël Gillon; Manuel Guedel; Kevin Heng; László Kiss; Jacques Laskar; Alain Lecavelier des Etangs; Monika Lendl; Christophe Lovis; Pierre F. L. Maxted; Valerio Nascimbeni; Göran Olofsson; Hugh P. Osborn; Isabella Pagano; Enric Pallé; Giampaolo Piotto; Don Pollacco; Didier Queloz; Heike Rauer; Roberto Ragazzoni; Ignasi Ribas; Nuno C. Santos; Gaetano Scandariato; Damien Ségransan; Attila E. Simon; Alexis M. S. Smith; Manfred Steller; Gyula M. Szabó; Nicolas Thomas; Stéphane Udry; Nicholas A. Walton

doi:10.1038/s41550-021-01381-5

Transit detection of the long-period volatile-rich super-Earth ν² Lupi d with CHEOPS

Laetitia Delrez^*
, David Ehrenreich
, Yann Alibert
, Andrea Bonfanti
, Luca Borsato
, Luca Fossati
, Matthew J. Hooton
, Sergio Hoyer
, Francisco J. Pozuelos
, Sébastien Salmon
, Sophia Sulis
, Thomas G. Wilson
, Vardan Adibekyan
, Vincent Bourrier
, Alexis Brandeker
, Sébastien Charnoz
, Adrien Deline
, Pascal Guterman
, Jonas Haldemann
, Nathan Hara

Mahmoudreza Oshagh, Sergio G. Sousa, Valérie Van Grootel, Roi Alonso, Guillem Anglada-Escudé, Tamás Bárczy, David Barrado, Susana C. C. Barros, Wolfgang Baumjohann, Mathias Beck, Anja Bekkelien, Willy Benz, Nicolas Billot, Xavier Bonfils, Christopher Broeg, Juan Cabrera, Andrew Collier Cameron, Melvyn B. Davies, Magali Deleuil, Jean-Baptiste Delisle, Olivier D. S. Demangeon, Brice-Olivier Demory, Anders Erikson, Andrea Fortier, Malcolm Fridlund, David Futyan, Davide Gandolfi, Antonio Garcia Muñoz, Michaël Gillon, Manuel Guedel, Kevin Heng, László Kiss, Jacques Laskar, Alain Lecavelier des Etangs, Monika Lendl, Christophe Lovis, Pierre F. L. Maxted, Valerio Nascimbeni, Göran Olofsson, Hugh P. Osborn, Isabella Pagano, Enric Pallé, Giampaolo Piotto, Don Pollacco, Didier Queloz, Heike Rauer, Roberto Ragazzoni, Ignasi Ribas, Nuno C. Santos, Gaetano Scandariato, Damien Ségransan, Attila E. Simon, Alexis M. S. Smith, Manfred Steller, Gyula M. Szabó, Nicolas Thomas, Stéphane Udry, Nicholas A. Walton

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Letter › peer-review

Abstract

Exoplanets transiting bright nearby stars are key objects for advancing our knowledge of planetary formation and evolution. The wealth of photons from the host star gives detailed access to the atmospheric, interior and orbital properties of the planetary companions. ν² Lupi (HD 136352) is a naked-eye (V = 5.78) Sun-like star that was discovered to host three low-mass planets with orbital periods of 11.6, 27.6 and 107.6 d via radial-velocity monitoring1. The two inner planets (b and c) were recently found to transit², prompting a photometric follow-up by the brand new Characterising Exoplanets Satellite (CHEOPS). Here, we report that the outer planet d is also transiting, and measure its radius and mass to be 2.56 ± 0.09 R⊕ and 8.82 ± 0.94 M⊕, respectively. With its bright Sun-like star, long period and mild irradiation (~5.7 times the irradiation of Earth), ν² Lupi d unlocks a completely new region in the parameter space of exoplanets amenable to detailed characterization. We refine the properties of all three planets: planet b probably has a rocky mostly dry composition, while planets c and d seem to have retained small hydrogen–helium envelopes and a possibly large water fraction. This diversity of planetary compositions makes the ν² Lupi system an excellent laboratory for testing formation and evolution models of low-mass planets.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	775-787
Journal	Nature Astronomy
Volume	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-021-01381-5
Publication status	Published - 28 Jun 2021

Keywords

Exoplanets

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10.1038/s41550-021-01381-5

Cameron_2021_NatA_TransitDetection_AAM
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.14491Licence: CC BY-NC-ND

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Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021: Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021
Jardine, M. (PI), Bonnell, I. (CoI), Cameron, A. (CoI), Cyganowski, C. (CoI), Dominik, M. (CoI), Helling, C. (CoI), Horne, K. (CoI), Scholz, A. (CoI), Tojeiro, R. (CoI), Weijmans, A.-M. (CoI), Wild, V. (CoI), Woitke, P. (CoI), Wood, K. (CoI) & Zhao, H. (CoI)
1/04/18 → 31/03/22
Project: Standard
Support for the PLATO Development: Support for the PLATO Development Phase 2017-2022: Planet candidate ranking and validation
Cameron, A. (PI)
Science & Technology Facilities Council
1/08/17 → 31/12/22
Project: Standard
Astronomy at St Andrews 2015-2018: Astronomy at St Andrews 2015-2018
Jardine, M. (PI), Cameron, A. (CoI), Cyganowski, C. (CoI), Horne, K. (CoI) & Wood, K. (CoI)
Science & Technology Facilities Council
1/04/15 → 31/03/18
Project: Standard

Transit detection of the long-period volatile-rich super-Earth ν2 Lupi d with CHEOPS (dataset)
Wilson, T. G. (Creator) & Cameron, A. C. (Creator), VizieR On-line Data Catalog, 6 Jul 2021
https://cdsarc.unistra.fr/ftp/J/other/NatAs/5.775
Dataset

Cite this

Delrez, L., Ehrenreich, D., Alibert, Y., Bonfanti, A., Borsato, L., Fossati, L., Hooton, M. J., Hoyer, S., Pozuelos, F. J., Salmon, S., Sulis, S., Wilson, T. G., Adibekyan, V., Bourrier, V., Brandeker, A., Charnoz, S., Deline, A., Guterman, P., Haldemann, J., ... Walton, N. A. (2021). Transit detection of the long-period volatile-rich super-Earth ν² Lupi d with CHEOPS. Nature Astronomy, 5, 775-787. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-021-01381-5

@article{dabfba7e6e0d4d7da7f1a9ef2b8549c2,

title = "Transit detection of the long-period volatile-rich super-Earth ν2 Lupi d with CHEOPS",

abstract = "Exoplanets transiting bright nearby stars are key objects for advancing our knowledge of planetary formation and evolution. The wealth of photons from the host star gives detailed access to the atmospheric, interior and orbital properties of the planetary companions. ν2 Lupi (HD 136352) is a naked-eye (V = 5.78) Sun-like star that was discovered to host three low-mass planets with orbital periods of 11.6, 27.6 and 107.6 d via radial-velocity monitoring1. The two inner planets (b and c) were recently found to transit2, prompting a photometric follow-up by the brand new Characterising Exoplanets Satellite (CHEOPS). Here, we report that the outer planet d is also transiting, and measure its radius and mass to be 2.56 ± 0.09 R⊕ and 8.82 ± 0.94 M⊕, respectively. With its bright Sun-like star, long period and mild irradiation (\textasciitilde{}5.7 times the irradiation of Earth), ν2 Lupi d unlocks a completely new region in the parameter space of exoplanets amenable to detailed characterization. We refine the properties of all three planets: planet b probably has a rocky mostly dry composition, while planets c and d seem to have retained small hydrogen–helium envelopes and a possibly large water fraction. This diversity of planetary compositions makes the ν2 Lupi system an excellent laboratory for testing formation and evolution models of low-mass planets.",

keywords = "Exoplanets",

author = "Laetitia Delrez and David Ehrenreich and Yann Alibert and Andrea Bonfanti and Luca Borsato and Luca Fossati and Hooton, \{Matthew J.\} and Sergio Hoyer and Pozuelos, \{Francisco J.\} and S{\'e}bastien Salmon and Sophia Sulis and Wilson, \{Thomas G.\} and Vardan Adibekyan and Vincent Bourrier and Alexis Brandeker and S{\'e}bastien Charnoz and Adrien Deline and Pascal Guterman and Jonas Haldemann and Nathan Hara and Mahmoudreza Oshagh and Sousa, \{Sergio G.\} and \{Van Grootel\}, Val{\'e}rie and Roi Alonso and Guillem Anglada-Escud{\'e} and Tam{\'a}s B{\'a}rczy and David Barrado and Barros, \{Susana C. C.\} and Wolfgang Baumjohann and Mathias Beck and Anja Bekkelien and Willy Benz and Nicolas Billot and Xavier Bonfils and Christopher Broeg and Juan Cabrera and \{Collier Cameron\}, Andrew and Davies, \{Melvyn B.\} and Magali Deleuil and Jean-Baptiste Delisle and Demangeon, \{Olivier D. S.\} and Brice-Olivier Demory and Anders Erikson and Andrea Fortier and Malcolm Fridlund and David Futyan and Davide Gandolfi and \{Garcia Mu{\~n}oz\}, Antonio and Micha{\"e}l Gillon and Manuel Guedel and Kevin Heng and L{\'a}szl{\'o} Kiss and Jacques Laskar and \{Lecavelier des Etangs\}, Alain and Monika Lendl and Christophe Lovis and Maxted, \{Pierre F. L.\} and Valerio Nascimbeni and G{\"o}ran Olofsson and Osborn, \{Hugh P.\} and Isabella Pagano and Enric Pall{\'e} and Giampaolo Piotto and Don Pollacco and Didier Queloz and Heike Rauer and Roberto Ragazzoni and Ignasi Ribas and Santos, \{Nuno C.\} and Gaetano Scandariato and Damien S{\'e}gransan and Simon, \{Attila E.\} and Smith, \{Alexis M. S.\} and Manfred Steller and Szab{\'o}, \{Gyula M.\} and Nicolas Thomas and St{\'e}phane Udry and Walton, \{Nicholas A.\}",

note = "A.C.C. and T.G.W. acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant ST/M001296/1. ",

year = "2021",

month = jun,

day = "28",

doi = "10.1038/s41550-021-01381-5",

language = "English",

volume = "5",

pages = "775--787",

journal = "Nature Astronomy",

issn = "2397-3366",

publisher = "Nature publishing group",

}

Delrez, L, Ehrenreich, D, Alibert, Y, Bonfanti, A, Borsato, L, Fossati, L, Hooton, MJ, Hoyer, S, Pozuelos, FJ, Salmon, S, Sulis, S, Wilson, TG, Adibekyan, V, Bourrier, V, Brandeker, A, Charnoz, S, Deline, A, Guterman, P, Haldemann, J, Hara, N, Oshagh, M, Sousa, SG, Van Grootel, V, Alonso, R, Anglada-Escudé, G, Bárczy, T, Barrado, D, Barros, SCC, Baumjohann, W, Beck, M, Bekkelien, A, Benz, W, Billot, N, Bonfils, X, Broeg, C, Cabrera, J, Collier Cameron, A, Davies, MB, Deleuil, M, Delisle, J-B, Demangeon, ODS, Demory, B-O, Erikson, A, Fortier, A, Fridlund, M, Futyan, D, Gandolfi, D, Garcia Muñoz, A, Gillon, M, Guedel, M, Heng, K, Kiss, L, Laskar, J, Lecavelier des Etangs, A, Lendl, M, Lovis, C, Maxted, PFL, Nascimbeni, V, Olofsson, G, Osborn, HP, Pagano, I, Pallé, E, Piotto, G, Pollacco, D, Queloz, D, Rauer, H, Ragazzoni, R, Ribas, I, Santos, NC, Scandariato, G, Ségransan, D, Simon, AE, Smith, AMS, Steller, M, Szabó, GM, Thomas, N, Udry, S & Walton, NA 2021, 'Transit detection of the long-period volatile-rich super-Earth ν² Lupi d with CHEOPS', Nature Astronomy, vol. 5, pp. 775-787. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-021-01381-5

TY - JOUR

T1 - Transit detection of the long-period volatile-rich super-Earth ν2 Lupi d with CHEOPS

AU - Delrez, Laetitia

AU - Ehrenreich, David

AU - Alibert, Yann

AU - Bonfanti, Andrea

AU - Borsato, Luca

AU - Fossati, Luca

AU - Hooton, Matthew J.

AU - Hoyer, Sergio

AU - Pozuelos, Francisco J.

AU - Salmon, Sébastien

AU - Sulis, Sophia

AU - Wilson, Thomas G.

AU - Adibekyan, Vardan

AU - Bourrier, Vincent

AU - Brandeker, Alexis

AU - Charnoz, Sébastien

AU - Deline, Adrien

AU - Guterman, Pascal

AU - Haldemann, Jonas

AU - Hara, Nathan

AU - Oshagh, Mahmoudreza

AU - Sousa, Sergio G.

AU - Van Grootel, Valérie

AU - Alonso, Roi

AU - Anglada-Escudé, Guillem

AU - Bárczy, Tamás

AU - Barrado, David

AU - Barros, Susana C. C.

AU - Baumjohann, Wolfgang

AU - Beck, Mathias

AU - Bekkelien, Anja

AU - Benz, Willy

AU - Billot, Nicolas

AU - Bonfils, Xavier

AU - Broeg, Christopher

AU - Cabrera, Juan

AU - Collier Cameron, Andrew

AU - Davies, Melvyn B.

AU - Deleuil, Magali

AU - Delisle, Jean-Baptiste

AU - Demangeon, Olivier D. S.

AU - Demory, Brice-Olivier

AU - Erikson, Anders

AU - Fortier, Andrea

AU - Fridlund, Malcolm

AU - Futyan, David

AU - Gandolfi, Davide

AU - Garcia Muñoz, Antonio

AU - Gillon, Michaël

AU - Guedel, Manuel

AU - Heng, Kevin

AU - Kiss, László

AU - Laskar, Jacques

AU - Lecavelier des Etangs, Alain

AU - Lendl, Monika

AU - Lovis, Christophe

AU - Maxted, Pierre F. L.

AU - Nascimbeni, Valerio

AU - Olofsson, Göran

AU - Osborn, Hugh P.

AU - Pagano, Isabella

AU - Pallé, Enric

AU - Piotto, Giampaolo

AU - Pollacco, Don

AU - Queloz, Didier

AU - Rauer, Heike

AU - Ragazzoni, Roberto

AU - Ribas, Ignasi

AU - Santos, Nuno C.

AU - Scandariato, Gaetano

AU - Ségransan, Damien

AU - Simon, Attila E.

AU - Smith, Alexis M. S.

AU - Steller, Manfred

AU - Szabó, Gyula M.

AU - Thomas, Nicolas

AU - Udry, Stéphane

AU - Walton, Nicholas A.

N1 - A.C.C. and T.G.W. acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant ST/M001296/1.

PY - 2021/6/28

Y1 - 2021/6/28

N2 - Exoplanets transiting bright nearby stars are key objects for advancing our knowledge of planetary formation and evolution. The wealth of photons from the host star gives detailed access to the atmospheric, interior and orbital properties of the planetary companions. ν2 Lupi (HD 136352) is a naked-eye (V = 5.78) Sun-like star that was discovered to host three low-mass planets with orbital periods of 11.6, 27.6 and 107.6 d via radial-velocity monitoring1. The two inner planets (b and c) were recently found to transit2, prompting a photometric follow-up by the brand new Characterising Exoplanets Satellite (CHEOPS). Here, we report that the outer planet d is also transiting, and measure its radius and mass to be 2.56 ± 0.09 R⊕ and 8.82 ± 0.94 M⊕, respectively. With its bright Sun-like star, long period and mild irradiation (~5.7 times the irradiation of Earth), ν2 Lupi d unlocks a completely new region in the parameter space of exoplanets amenable to detailed characterization. We refine the properties of all three planets: planet b probably has a rocky mostly dry composition, while planets c and d seem to have retained small hydrogen–helium envelopes and a possibly large water fraction. This diversity of planetary compositions makes the ν2 Lupi system an excellent laboratory for testing formation and evolution models of low-mass planets.

AB - Exoplanets transiting bright nearby stars are key objects for advancing our knowledge of planetary formation and evolution. The wealth of photons from the host star gives detailed access to the atmospheric, interior and orbital properties of the planetary companions. ν2 Lupi (HD 136352) is a naked-eye (V = 5.78) Sun-like star that was discovered to host three low-mass planets with orbital periods of 11.6, 27.6 and 107.6 d via radial-velocity monitoring1. The two inner planets (b and c) were recently found to transit2, prompting a photometric follow-up by the brand new Characterising Exoplanets Satellite (CHEOPS). Here, we report that the outer planet d is also transiting, and measure its radius and mass to be 2.56 ± 0.09 R⊕ and 8.82 ± 0.94 M⊕, respectively. With its bright Sun-like star, long period and mild irradiation (~5.7 times the irradiation of Earth), ν2 Lupi d unlocks a completely new region in the parameter space of exoplanets amenable to detailed characterization. We refine the properties of all three planets: planet b probably has a rocky mostly dry composition, while planets c and d seem to have retained small hydrogen–helium envelopes and a possibly large water fraction. This diversity of planetary compositions makes the ν2 Lupi system an excellent laboratory for testing formation and evolution models of low-mass planets.

KW - Exoplanets

U2 - 10.1038/s41550-021-01381-5

DO - 10.1038/s41550-021-01381-5

M3 - Letter

SN - 2397-3366

VL - 5

SP - 775

EP - 787

JO - Nature Astronomy

JF - Nature Astronomy

ER -

Transit detection of the long-period volatile-rich super-Earth ν2 Lupi d with CHEOPS

Abstract

Keywords

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Projects

Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021: Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021

Support for the PLATO Development: Support for the PLATO Development Phase 2017-2022: Planet candidate ranking and validation

Astronomy at St Andrews 2015-2018: Astronomy at St Andrews 2015-2018

Datasets

Transit detection of the long-period volatile-rich super-Earth ν2 Lupi d with CHEOPS (dataset)

Cite this

Transit detection of the long-period volatile-rich super-Earth ν² Lupi d with CHEOPS