Tramadol, captagon and khat use in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: opening Pandora’s box

Hossein Mohaddes Ardabili; Abolfazl Akbari; Parnian Rafei; Jenna Butner; Riaz Khan; Yasser Khazaal; Abdulmalik Zuhair Arab; Mohammed Rafiq Qazizada; Basma Al-Ansari; Alexander Mario Baldacchino

doi:10.1192/bji.2021.53

Tramadol, captagon and khat use in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: opening Pandora’s box

Hossein Mohaddes Ardabili, Abolfazl Akbari, Parnian Rafei, Jenna Butner, Riaz Khan, Yasser Khazaal, Abdulmalik Zuhair Arab, Mohammed Rafiq Qazizada, Basma Al-Ansari, Alexander Mario Baldacchino^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

As defined by the World Health Organization, the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), given its special geopolitical situation and internal/external conflicts, faces an increase in illegal activities such as drug production and trafficking, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of the substance use situation. On the basis of a review of published papers between 2015 and 2021 we briefly review substance use in the EMR with special focus on the emerging drugs pertinent to this region, namely tramadol, captagon and khat.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	58 - 62
Number of pages	5
Journal	BJPsych International
Volume	19
Issue number	3
Early online date	19 Nov 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1192/bji.2021.53
Publication status	Published - 1 Aug 2022

Keywords

Epidemiology
Eastern Mediterranean region
Khat
Tramadol
Captagon

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1192/bji.2021.53Licence: CC BY

Ardabili_2021_BJPsych_Tramadol-captagon-and-khat_CC
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Final published version, 442 KBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Tramadol, captagon and khat use in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: opening Pandora{\textquoteright}s box",

abstract = "As defined by the World Health Organization, the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), given its special geopolitical situation and internal/external conflicts, faces an increase in illegal activities such as drug production and trafficking, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of the substance use situation. On the basis of a review of published papers between 2015 and 2021 we briefly review substance use in the EMR with special focus on the emerging drugs pertinent to this region, namely tramadol, captagon and khat.",

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T1 - Tramadol, captagon and khat use in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

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AU - Mohaddes Ardabili, Hossein

AU - Akbari, Abolfazl

AU - Rafei, Parnian

AU - Butner, Jenna

AU - Khan, Riaz

AU - Khazaal, Yasser

AU - Arab, Abdulmalik Zuhair

AU - Qazizada, Mohammed Rafiq

AU - Al-Ansari, Basma

AU - Baldacchino, Alexander Mario

PY - 2022/8/1

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N2 - As defined by the World Health Organization, the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), given its special geopolitical situation and internal/external conflicts, faces an increase in illegal activities such as drug production and trafficking, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of the substance use situation. On the basis of a review of published papers between 2015 and 2021 we briefly review substance use in the EMR with special focus on the emerging drugs pertinent to this region, namely tramadol, captagon and khat.

AB - As defined by the World Health Organization, the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), given its special geopolitical situation and internal/external conflicts, faces an increase in illegal activities such as drug production and trafficking, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of the substance use situation. On the basis of a review of published papers between 2015 and 2021 we briefly review substance use in the EMR with special focus on the emerging drugs pertinent to this region, namely tramadol, captagon and khat.

KW - Epidemiology

KW - Eastern Mediterranean region

KW - Khat

KW - Tramadol

KW - Captagon

UR - https://vimeo.com/641823776

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DO - 10.1192/bji.2021.53

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JO - BJPsych International

JF - BJPsych International

IS - 3

ER -

Tramadol, captagon and khat use in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: opening Pandora’s box

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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