TY - JOUR
T1 - The phylogeography of two disjunct Neotropical Ficus (Moraceae) species reveals contrasted histories between the Amazon and the Atlantic Forests
AU - Costa, Priscila C.
AU - Lorenz-Lemke, Aline P.
AU - Furini, Paulo R.
AU - Coronado, Euridice N.Honorio
AU - Kjellberg, Finn
AU - Pereira, Rodrigo A.S.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was developed as part of a PhD thesis presented to Universidade de São Paulo, with laboratory work at Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. P.C.C received grant funding from Fapesp (2011/01205-0) and R.A.S.P. from CNPq (306078/2014-7). E.N.H.C. collected samples of F. insipida in Amazonia with the financial support of FINCyT, the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, the Davis Expedition Fund and the University of Leeds. Research permits in Amazonia were provided by the Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Agua in Bolivia (SERNAP-DMA-CAR-1232/10) and the Dirección General Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre in Peru (Resolucion Directorial number 281-2010-AG-DGFFS-DGEFFS and number 009-2014-MINAGRI-DGFFS-DGEFFS). We thank Kyle Dexter and Sergio J. González for access to F. insipida samples from southern Peru and Costa Rica, respectively, and Luciano Palmieri for access to F. adhatodifolia samples from Rio de Janeiro. We are grateful to the MOBOT herbarium for granting us access to its collection and for providing plant material, to Wellington S. Fava for assistance during molecular laboratory work and statistical analysis and to Fernando H. A. Farache for assistance during field-work. We also thank the field stations and their managers for logistical support.
Funding Information:
This work was developed as part of a PhD thesis presented to Universidade de São Paulo, with laboratory work at Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. P.C.C received grant funding from Fapesp (2011/01205-0) and R.A.S.P. from CNPq (306078/2014-7). E.N.H.C. collected samples of F. insipida in Amazonia with the financial support of FINCyT, the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, the Davis Expedition Fund and the University of Leeds. Research permits in Amazonia were provided by the Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Agua in Bolivia (SERNAP-DMACAR-1232/10) and the Dirección General Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre in Peru (Resolucion Directorial number 281-2010-AG-DGFFS-DGEFFS and number 009-2014-MINAGRI-DGFFS-DGEFFS). We thank Kyle Dexter and Sergio J. González for access to F. insipida samples from southern Peru and Costa Rica, respectively, and Luciano Palmieri for access to F. adhatodifolia samples from Rio de Janeiro. We are grateful to the MOBOT herbarium for granting us access to its collection and for providing plant material, to Wellington S. Fava for assistance during molecular laboratory work and statistical analysis and to Fernando H. A. Farache for assistance during fieldwork. We also thank the field stations and their managers for logistical support.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 The Linnean Society of London.
PY - 2017/10/1
Y1 - 2017/10/1
N2 - We investigated spatial genetic structuring in two vicariant Ficus spp. (F. insipida and F. adhatodifolia), occurring in the Amazon Forest and the Atlantic Forest, respectively. We explain this structuring in a phylogeographical framework of variation in the extent and location of favourable habitats for the two species during climatic oscillations. Plastid (trnH-psbA, trnS-trnG) and nuclear (ITS) regions were sequenced and species distribution models were used to explore the expected variation in the species ranges and to relate this variation to the patterns of genetic diversity. Both species presented higher population differentiation in plastid than in the nuclear markers. Despite the presence of a large number of plastid DNA haplotypes, most populations of F. insipida had only one haplotype. Distribution modelling results indicated no drastic change in the distribution of F. insipida during the Pleistocene. In contrast, F. adhatodifolia exhibited low diversity of nuclear and plastid haplotypes with four exclusive haplotypes for plastid DNA and a highly divergent one, shared with F. insipida, in the central region of South America. Distribution modelling showed a drastic change in the range of F. adhatodifolia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), which may explain the reduced diversity in this species compared to F. insipida. During the LGM, the distribution of F. adhatodifolia became disjunct, with a region of somewhat favourable climate inland, corresponding to the populations presenting the plastid DNA haplotype shared with F. insipida, whereas the coastal regions of favourable climate were displaced northwards. This result suggests that inland populations of F. adhatodifolia were somewhat introgressed by F. insipida during that period. Our results suggest major differences in the history of Amazonian and Atlantic Forest as seen through the prism of two pioneer trees that are associated with wetter areas and dense vegetation.
AB - We investigated spatial genetic structuring in two vicariant Ficus spp. (F. insipida and F. adhatodifolia), occurring in the Amazon Forest and the Atlantic Forest, respectively. We explain this structuring in a phylogeographical framework of variation in the extent and location of favourable habitats for the two species during climatic oscillations. Plastid (trnH-psbA, trnS-trnG) and nuclear (ITS) regions were sequenced and species distribution models were used to explore the expected variation in the species ranges and to relate this variation to the patterns of genetic diversity. Both species presented higher population differentiation in plastid than in the nuclear markers. Despite the presence of a large number of plastid DNA haplotypes, most populations of F. insipida had only one haplotype. Distribution modelling results indicated no drastic change in the distribution of F. insipida during the Pleistocene. In contrast, F. adhatodifolia exhibited low diversity of nuclear and plastid haplotypes with four exclusive haplotypes for plastid DNA and a highly divergent one, shared with F. insipida, in the central region of South America. Distribution modelling showed a drastic change in the range of F. adhatodifolia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), which may explain the reduced diversity in this species compared to F. insipida. During the LGM, the distribution of F. adhatodifolia became disjunct, with a region of somewhat favourable climate inland, corresponding to the populations presenting the plastid DNA haplotype shared with F. insipida, whereas the coastal regions of favourable climate were displaced northwards. This result suggests that inland populations of F. adhatodifolia were somewhat introgressed by F. insipida during that period. Our results suggest major differences in the history of Amazonian and Atlantic Forest as seen through the prism of two pioneer trees that are associated with wetter areas and dense vegetation.
KW - Genetic diversity
KW - Introgression
KW - Pleistocene
KW - South America
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85041694632&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/botlinnean/box056
DO - 10.1093/botlinnean/box056
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85041694632
SN - 0024-4074
VL - 185
SP - 272
EP - 289
JO - Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
JF - Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
IS - 2
ER -
