The impact of mild cognitive impairment on healthcare utilization and costs: AUK Biobank study

Craig  Ritchie; Dominic Trepel; Sophie Edwards; Julie Hvlid Hahn-Pedersen; Mei Sum Chan; Benjamin D Bray; Alice Clark; Christian Ahmad Wichmann; Marc Evans

doi:10.1002/dad2.70065

The impact of mild cognitive impairment on healthcare utilization and costs: AUK Biobank study

Craig Ritchie^*, Dominic Trepel, Sophie Edwards, Julie Hvlid Hahn-Pedersen, Mei Sum Chan, Benjamin D Bray, Alice Clark, Christian Ahmad Wichmann, Marc Evans

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in older adults, but the burden on patients and health systems is not well understood. We aimed to estimate the impact of MCI on healthcare utilization and costs.

METHODS: This was a matched cohort study in UK Biobank comparing healthcare costs and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia incidence rates in participants with MCI to propensity score-matched participants without MCI.

RESULTS: Of 164,508 eligible participants, 6605(4%) had cognitive testing scores consistent with MCI. Ten-year inpatient costs were 7.6% higher in MCI versus matched no-MCI participants, while 6-year primary care costs were 9.1% higher. Among MCI participants, AD dementia incidence rates were substantially higher than in non-MCI participants (7.2 5-year incidence rate ratio 95% CI: 3.3 to 15.7), and eventual AD dementia accrued higher additional inpatient costs (mean £20,199) over 10 years.

DISCUSSION: MCI is characterized by modestly higher healthcare utilization and costs. Subsequent AD dementia diagnosis was strongly associated with costs.

Original language	English
Article number	e70065
Pages (from-to)	1-10
Number of pages	10
Journal	Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring
Volume	17
Issue number	2
Early online date	12 Jun 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70065
Publication status	Published - Jun 2025

Keywords

Alzheimer's disease
Dementia incidence
Healthcare costs
Healthcare resource utilization
Mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's progression
Risk factors

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Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Final published version, 699 KBLicence: CC BY-NC

Cite this

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title = "The impact of mild cognitive impairment on healthcare utilization and costs: AUK Biobank study",

abstract = "INTRODUCTION: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in older adults, but the burden on patients and health systems is not well understood. We aimed to estimate the impact of MCI on healthcare utilization and costs.METHODS: This was a matched cohort study in UK Biobank comparing healthcare costs and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia incidence rates in participants with MCI to propensity score-matched participants without MCI.RESULTS: Of 164,508 eligible participants, 6605(4%) had cognitive testing scores consistent with MCI. Ten-year inpatient costs were 7.6% higher in MCI versus matched no-MCI participants, while 6-year primary care costs were 9.1% higher. Among MCI participants, AD dementia incidence rates were substantially higher than in non-MCI participants (7.2 5-year incidence rate ratio 95% CI: 3.3 to 15.7), and eventual AD dementia accrued higher additional inpatient costs (mean £20,199) over 10 years.DISCUSSION: MCI is characterized by modestly higher healthcare utilization and costs. Subsequent AD dementia diagnosis was strongly associated with costs.",

keywords = "Alzheimer's disease, Dementia incidence, Healthcare costs, Healthcare resource utilization, Mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's progression, Risk factors",

author = "Craig Ritchie and Dominic Trepel and Sophie Edwards and Hahn-Pedersen, {Julie Hvlid} and Chan, {Mei Sum} and Bray, {Benjamin D} and Alice Clark and Wichmann, {Christian Ahmad} and Marc Evans",

note = "Funding: Novo Nordisk.",

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doi = "10.1002/dad2.70065",

language = "English",

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AU - Trepel, Dominic

AU - Edwards, Sophie

AU - Hahn-Pedersen, Julie Hvlid

AU - Chan, Mei Sum

AU - Bray, Benjamin D

AU - Clark, Alice

AU - Wichmann, Christian Ahmad

AU - Evans, Marc

N1 - Funding: Novo Nordisk.

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N2 - INTRODUCTION: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in older adults, but the burden on patients and health systems is not well understood. We aimed to estimate the impact of MCI on healthcare utilization and costs.METHODS: This was a matched cohort study in UK Biobank comparing healthcare costs and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia incidence rates in participants with MCI to propensity score-matched participants without MCI.RESULTS: Of 164,508 eligible participants, 6605(4%) had cognitive testing scores consistent with MCI. Ten-year inpatient costs were 7.6% higher in MCI versus matched no-MCI participants, while 6-year primary care costs were 9.1% higher. Among MCI participants, AD dementia incidence rates were substantially higher than in non-MCI participants (7.2 5-year incidence rate ratio 95% CI: 3.3 to 15.7), and eventual AD dementia accrued higher additional inpatient costs (mean £20,199) over 10 years.DISCUSSION: MCI is characterized by modestly higher healthcare utilization and costs. Subsequent AD dementia diagnosis was strongly associated with costs.

AB - INTRODUCTION: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in older adults, but the burden on patients and health systems is not well understood. We aimed to estimate the impact of MCI on healthcare utilization and costs.METHODS: This was a matched cohort study in UK Biobank comparing healthcare costs and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia incidence rates in participants with MCI to propensity score-matched participants without MCI.RESULTS: Of 164,508 eligible participants, 6605(4%) had cognitive testing scores consistent with MCI. Ten-year inpatient costs were 7.6% higher in MCI versus matched no-MCI participants, while 6-year primary care costs were 9.1% higher. Among MCI participants, AD dementia incidence rates were substantially higher than in non-MCI participants (7.2 5-year incidence rate ratio 95% CI: 3.3 to 15.7), and eventual AD dementia accrued higher additional inpatient costs (mean £20,199) over 10 years.DISCUSSION: MCI is characterized by modestly higher healthcare utilization and costs. Subsequent AD dementia diagnosis was strongly associated with costs.

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KW - Dementia incidence

KW - Healthcare costs

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KW - Mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's progression

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The impact of mild cognitive impairment on healthcare utilization and costs: AUK Biobank study

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