TY - JOUR
T1 - The ethnic army and the state
T2 - explaining coup traps and the difficulties of democratization in Africa
AU - Harkness, Kristen
N1 - The author would like to acknowledge the Bobst Center for Peace and Justice, the Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies, and the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies for financial support during the research and writing of this article.
PY - 2016/6
Y1 - 2016/6
N2 - Military coups have posed a persistent threat to political stability in Africa, undermining democratization efforts, igniting insurgencies, and leading to years of devastating military governance. Initial cross-national studies found little consistent evidence linking ethnicity to coups, leading recent formal and statistical work on coup risk and coup-proofing to largely ignore ethnic politics. This article, however, argues that in two important contexts of African political development—decolonization and democratization—ethnic politics are critical to understanding the occurrence of coups. Both case study evidence and statistical analysis of original data on African military history and ethnic politics reveal that practices of ethnic manipulation within security institutions have driven coup attempts. When leaders attempt to build ethnic armies, or dismantle those created by their predecessors, they provoke violent resistance from military officers.
AB - Military coups have posed a persistent threat to political stability in Africa, undermining democratization efforts, igniting insurgencies, and leading to years of devastating military governance. Initial cross-national studies found little consistent evidence linking ethnicity to coups, leading recent formal and statistical work on coup risk and coup-proofing to largely ignore ethnic politics. This article, however, argues that in two important contexts of African political development—decolonization and democratization—ethnic politics are critical to understanding the occurrence of coups. Both case study evidence and statistical analysis of original data on African military history and ethnic politics reveal that practices of ethnic manipulation within security institutions have driven coup attempts. When leaders attempt to build ethnic armies, or dismantle those created by their predecessors, they provoke violent resistance from military officers.
KW - Democratization
KW - Conflict
KW - Internal-armed conflict
KW - Political Survival
U2 - 10.1177/0022002714545332
DO - 10.1177/0022002714545332
M3 - Article
SN - 0022-0027
VL - 60
SP - 587
EP - 616
JO - Journal of Conflict Resolution
JF - Journal of Conflict Resolution
IS - 4
ER -