The EBLM Project– XI. Mass, radius, and effective temperature measurements for 23 M-dwarf companions to solar-type stars observed with CHEOPS

M I Swayne; P F L Maxted; A H M J Triaud; S G Sousa; A Deline; D Ehrenreich; S Hoyer; G Olofsson; I Boisse; A Duck; S Gill; D Martin; J McCormac; C M Persson; A Santerne; D Sebastian; M R Standing; L Acuña; Y Alibert; R Alonso; G Anglada; T Bárczy; D Barrado Navascues; S C C Barros; W Baumjohann; T A Baycroft; M Beck; T Beck; W Benz; N Billot; X Bonfils; L Borsato; V Bourrier; A Brandeker; C Broeg; A Carmona; S Charnoz; A Collier Cameron; P Cortés-Zuleta; Sz Csizmadia; P E Cubillos; M B Davies; M Deleuil; X Delfosse; L Delrez; O D S Demangeon; B -O Demory; G Dransfield; A Erikson; A Fortier; T Forveille; L Fossati; M Fridlund; D Gandolfi; M Gillon; M Güdel; M N Günther; N Hara; G Hébrard; N Heidari; C Hellier; Ch Helling; K G Isaak; F Kerschbaum; F Kiefer; L L Kiss; V Kunovac; S Lalitha; K W F Lam; J Laskar; A Lecavelier des Etangs; M Lendl; D Magrin; L Marafatto; E Martioli; N J Miller; C Mordasini; C Moutou; V Nascimbeni; R Ottensamer; I Pagano; E Pallé; G Peter; D Piazza; G Piotto; D Pollacco; D Queloz; R Ragazzoni; N Rando; H Rauer; I Ribas; N C Santos; G Scandariato; D Ségransan; A E Simon; A M S Smith; R Southworth; M Stalport; Gy M Szabó; N Thomas; S Udry; B Ulmer; V Van Grootel; J Venturini; N A Walton; E Willett; T G Wilson

doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3866

The EBLM Project– XI. Mass, radius, and effective temperature measurements for 23 M-dwarf companions to solar-type stars observed with CHEOPS

M I Swayne^*, P F L Maxted, A H M J Triaud, S G Sousa, A Deline, D Ehrenreich, S Hoyer, G Olofsson, I Boisse, A Duck, S Gill, D Martin, J McCormac, C M Persson, A Santerne, D Sebastian, M R Standing, L Acuña, Y Alibert, R AlonsoG Anglada, T Bárczy, D Barrado Navascues, S C C Barros, W Baumjohann, T A Baycroft, M Beck, T Beck, W Benz, N Billot, X Bonfils, L Borsato, V Bourrier, A Brandeker, C Broeg, A Carmona, S Charnoz, A Collier Cameron, P Cortés-Zuleta, Sz Csizmadia, P E Cubillos, M B Davies, M Deleuil, X Delfosse, L Delrez, O D S Demangeon, B -O Demory, G Dransfield, A Erikson, A Fortier, T Forveille, L Fossati, M Fridlund, D Gandolfi, M Gillon, M Güdel, M N Günther, N Hara, G Hébrard, N Heidari, C Hellier, Ch Helling, K G Isaak, F Kerschbaum, F Kiefer, L L Kiss, V Kunovac, S Lalitha, K W F Lam, J Laskar, A Lecavelier des Etangs, M Lendl, D Magrin, L Marafatto, E Martioli, N J Miller, C Mordasini, C Moutou, V Nascimbeni, R Ottensamer, I Pagano, E Pallé, G Peter, D Piazza, G Piotto, D Pollacco, D Queloz, R Ragazzoni, N Rando, H Rauer, I Ribas, N C Santos, G Scandariato, D Ségransan, A E Simon, A M S Smith, R Southworth, M Stalport, Gy M Szabó, N Thomas, S Udry, B Ulmer, V Van Grootel, J Venturini, N A Walton, E Willett, T G Wilson

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Observations of low-mass stars have frequently shown a disagreement between observed stellar radii and radii predicted by theoretical stellar structure models. This ‘radius inflation’ problem could have an impact on both stellar and exoplanetary science. We present the final results of our observation programme with the CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS) to obtain high-precision light curves of eclipsing binaries with low-mass stellar companions (EBLMs). Combined with the spectroscopic orbits of the solar-type companions, we can derive the masses, radii, and effective temperatures of 23 M-dwarf stars. We use the pycheops data analysis software to analyse their primary and secondary occultations. For all but one target, we also perform analyses with Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) light curves for comparison. We have assessed the impact of starspot-induced variation on our derived parameters and account for this in our radius and effective temperature uncertainties using simulated light curves. We observe trends in inflation with both metallicity and orbital separation. We also observe a strong trend in the difference between theoretical and observational effective temperatures with metallicity. There is no such trend with orbital separation. These results are not consistent with the idea that the observed inflation in stellar radius combines with lower effective temperature to preserve the luminosity predicted by low-mass stellar models. Our EBLM systems provide high-quality and homogeneous measurements that can be used in further studies of radius inflation.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	5703-5722
Number of pages	20
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	528
Issue number	4
Early online date	15 Feb 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3866
Publication status	Published - Mar 2024

Keywords

Space and Planetary Science
Astronomy and Astrophysics

Access to Document

10.1093/mnras/stad3866Licence: CC BY

Swayne-The-EBLM-project-MNRAS-stad3866-CCBY
Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Final published version, 3.71 MBLicence: CC BY

PLATO 22-25: Support for the PLATO Development Phase 2022-2025: Planet candidate ranking and validation
Cameron, A. (PI)
Science & Technology Facilities Council
1/04/22 → 31/03/25
Project: Standard
AO2 - Professor Andrew Cameron: Project AO2 - Andrew Cameron
Cameron, A. (PI)
Science & Technology Facilities Council
1/04/21 → 31/03/24
Project: Standard
Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021: Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021
Jardine, M. (PI), Bonnell, I. (CoI), Cameron, A. (CoI), Cyganowski, C. (CoI), Dominik, M. (CoI), Helling, C. (CoI), Horne, K. (CoI), Scholz, A. (CoI), Tojeiro, R. (CoI), Weijmans, A.-M. (CoI), Wild, V. (CoI), Woitke, P. (CoI), Wood, K. (CoI) & Zhao, H. (CoI)
1/04/18 → 31/03/22
Project: Standard

The EBLM Project– XI. Mass, radius, and effective temperature measurements for 23 M-dwarf companions to solar-type stars observed with CHEOPS (dataset)
Cameron, A. C. (Creator) & Cortes Zuleta, P. (Creator), VizieR On-line Data Catalog, 2024
https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/MNRAS/
Dataset

Cite this

Swayne, M. I., Maxted, P. F. L., Triaud, A. H. M. J., Sousa, S. G., Deline, A., Ehrenreich, D., Hoyer, S., Olofsson, G., Boisse, I., Duck, A., Gill, S., Martin, D., McCormac, J., Persson, C. M., Santerne, A., Sebastian, D., Standing, M. R., Acuña, L., Alibert, Y., ... Wilson, T. G. (2024). The EBLM Project– XI. Mass, radius, and effective temperature measurements for 23 M-dwarf companions to solar-type stars observed with CHEOPS. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 528(4), 5703-5722. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3866

@article{37eb589e49904e6fba863815c1e9b6bb,

title = "The EBLM Project– XI. Mass, radius, and effective temperature measurements for 23 M-dwarf companions to solar-type stars observed with CHEOPS",

abstract = "Observations of low-mass stars have frequently shown a disagreement between observed stellar radii and radii predicted by theoretical stellar structure models. This {\textquoteleft}radius inflation{\textquoteright} problem could have an impact on both stellar and exoplanetary science. We present the final results of our observation programme with the CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS) to obtain high-precision light curves of eclipsing binaries with low-mass stellar companions (EBLMs). Combined with the spectroscopic orbits of the solar-type companions, we can derive the masses, radii, and effective temperatures of 23 M-dwarf stars. We use the pycheops data analysis software to analyse their primary and secondary occultations. For all but one target, we also perform analyses with Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) light curves for comparison. We have assessed the impact of starspot-induced variation on our derived parameters and account for this in our radius and effective temperature uncertainties using simulated light curves. We observe trends in inflation with both metallicity and orbital separation. We also observe a strong trend in the difference between theoretical and observational effective temperatures with metallicity. There is no such trend with orbital separation. These results are not consistent with the idea that the observed inflation in stellar radius combines with lower effective temperature to preserve the luminosity predicted by low-mass stellar models. Our EBLM systems provide high-quality and homogeneous measurements that can be used in further studies of radius inflation.",

keywords = "Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics",

author = "Swayne, {M I} and Maxted, {P F L} and Triaud, {A H M J} and Sousa, {S G} and A Deline and D Ehrenreich and S Hoyer and G Olofsson and I Boisse and A Duck and S Gill and D Martin and J McCormac and Persson, {C M} and A Santerne and D Sebastian and Standing, {M R} and L Acu{\~n}a and Y Alibert and R Alonso and G Anglada and T B{\'a}rczy and D Barrado Navascues and Barros, {S C C} and W Baumjohann and Baycroft, {T A} and M Beck and T Beck and W Benz and N Billot and X Bonfils and L Borsato and V Bourrier and A Brandeker and C Broeg and A Carmona and S Charnoz and A Collier Cameron and P Cort{\'e}s-Zuleta and Sz Csizmadia and Cubillos, {P E} and Davies, {M B} and M Deleuil and X Delfosse and L Delrez and Demangeon, {O D S} and Demory, {B -O} and G Dransfield and A Erikson and A Fortier and T Forveille and L Fossati and M Fridlund and D Gandolfi and M Gillon and M G{\"u}del and G{\"u}nther, {M N} and N Hara and G H{\'e}brard and N Heidari and C Hellier and Ch Helling and Isaak, {K G} and F Kerschbaum and F Kiefer and Kiss, {L L} and V Kunovac and S Lalitha and Lam, {K W F} and J Laskar and A Lecavelier des Etangs and M Lendl and D Magrin and L Marafatto and E Martioli and Miller, {N J} and C Mordasini and C Moutou and V Nascimbeni and R Ottensamer and I Pagano and E Pall{\'e} and G Peter and D Piazza and G Piotto and D Pollacco and D Queloz and R Ragazzoni and N Rando and H Rauer and I Ribas and Santos, {N C} and G Scandariato and D S{\'e}gransan and Simon, {A E} and Smith, {A M S} and R Southworth and M Stalport and Szab{\'o}, {Gy M} and N Thomas and S Udry and B Ulmer and V Van Grootel and J Venturini and Walton, {N A} and E Willett and Wilson, {T G}",

note = "Funding: ACC and TW acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant number ST/R003203/1. MIS and PFLM acknowledge support from STFC research grant numbers ST/M001040/1 and ST/T506175/1. This research is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 803193/BEBOP), and by a Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant (no. RPG-2018-418).",

year = "2024",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stad3866",

language = "English",

volume = "528",

pages = "5703--5722",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "4",

}

Swayne, MI, Maxted, PFL, Triaud, AHMJ, Sousa, SG, Deline, A, Ehrenreich, D, Hoyer, S, Olofsson, G, Boisse, I, Duck, A, Gill, S, Martin, D, McCormac, J, Persson, CM, Santerne, A, Sebastian, D, Standing, MR, Acuña, L, Alibert, Y, Alonso, R, Anglada, G, Bárczy, T, Barrado Navascues, D, Barros, SCC, Baumjohann, W, Baycroft, TA, Beck, M, Beck, T, Benz, W, Billot, N, Bonfils, X, Borsato, L, Bourrier, V, Brandeker, A, Broeg, C, Carmona, A, Charnoz, S, Collier Cameron, A , Cortés-Zuleta, P, Csizmadia, S, Cubillos, PE, Davies, MB, Deleuil, M, Delfosse, X, Delrez, L, Demangeon, ODS, Demory, B-O, Dransfield, G, Erikson, A, Fortier, A, Forveille, T, Fossati, L, Fridlund, M, Gandolfi, D, Gillon, M, Güdel, M, Günther, MN, Hara, N, Hébrard, G, Heidari, N, Hellier, C, Helling, C, Isaak, KG, Kerschbaum, F, Kiefer, F, Kiss, LL, Kunovac, V, Lalitha, S, Lam, KWF, Laskar, J, Lecavelier des Etangs, A, Lendl, M, Magrin, D, Marafatto, L, Martioli, E, Miller, NJ, Mordasini, C, Moutou, C, Nascimbeni, V, Ottensamer, R, Pagano, I, Pallé, E, Peter, G, Piazza, D, Piotto, G, Pollacco, D, Queloz, D, Ragazzoni, R, Rando, N, Rauer, H, Ribas, I, Santos, NC, Scandariato, G, Ségransan, D, Simon, AE, Smith, AMS, Southworth, R, Stalport, M, Szabó, GM, Thomas, N, Udry, S, Ulmer, B, Van Grootel, V, Venturini, J, Walton, NA, Willett, E & Wilson, TG 2024, 'The EBLM Project– XI. Mass, radius, and effective temperature measurements for 23 M-dwarf companions to solar-type stars observed with CHEOPS', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 528, no. 4, pp. 5703-5722. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3866

TY - JOUR

T1 - The EBLM Project– XI. Mass, radius, and effective temperature measurements for 23 M-dwarf companions to solar-type stars observed with CHEOPS

AU - Swayne, M I

AU - Maxted, P F L

AU - Triaud, A H M J

AU - Sousa, S G

AU - Deline, A

AU - Ehrenreich, D

AU - Hoyer, S

AU - Olofsson, G

AU - Boisse, I

AU - Duck, A

AU - Gill, S

AU - Martin, D

AU - McCormac, J

AU - Persson, C M

AU - Santerne, A

AU - Sebastian, D

AU - Standing, M R

AU - Acuña, L

AU - Alibert, Y

AU - Alonso, R

AU - Anglada, G

AU - Bárczy, T

AU - Barrado Navascues, D

AU - Barros, S C C

AU - Baumjohann, W

AU - Baycroft, T A

AU - Beck, M

AU - Beck, T

AU - Benz, W

AU - Billot, N

AU - Bonfils, X

AU - Borsato, L

AU - Bourrier, V

AU - Brandeker, A

AU - Broeg, C

AU - Carmona, A

AU - Charnoz, S

AU - Collier Cameron, A

AU - Cortés-Zuleta, P

AU - Csizmadia, Sz

AU - Cubillos, P E

AU - Davies, M B

AU - Deleuil, M

AU - Delfosse, X

AU - Delrez, L

AU - Demangeon, O D S

AU - Demory, B -O

AU - Dransfield, G

AU - Erikson, A

AU - Fortier, A

AU - Forveille, T

AU - Fossati, L

AU - Fridlund, M

AU - Gandolfi, D

AU - Gillon, M

AU - Güdel, M

AU - Günther, M N

AU - Hara, N

AU - Hébrard, G

AU - Heidari, N

AU - Hellier, C

AU - Helling, Ch

AU - Isaak, K G

AU - Kerschbaum, F

AU - Kiefer, F

AU - Kiss, L L

AU - Kunovac, V

AU - Lalitha, S

AU - Lam, K W F

AU - Laskar, J

AU - Lecavelier des Etangs, A

AU - Lendl, M

AU - Magrin, D

AU - Marafatto, L

AU - Martioli, E

AU - Miller, N J

AU - Mordasini, C

AU - Moutou, C

AU - Nascimbeni, V

AU - Ottensamer, R

AU - Pagano, I

AU - Pallé, E

AU - Peter, G

AU - Piazza, D

AU - Piotto, G

AU - Pollacco, D

AU - Queloz, D

AU - Ragazzoni, R

AU - Rando, N

AU - Rauer, H

AU - Ribas, I

AU - Santos, N C

AU - Scandariato, G

AU - Ségransan, D

AU - Simon, A E

AU - Smith, A M S

AU - Southworth, R

AU - Stalport, M

AU - Szabó, Gy M

AU - Thomas, N

AU - Udry, S

AU - Ulmer, B

AU - Van Grootel, V

AU - Venturini, J

AU - Walton, N A

AU - Willett, E

AU - Wilson, T G

N1 - Funding: ACC and TW acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant number ST/R003203/1. MIS and PFLM acknowledge support from STFC research grant numbers ST/M001040/1 and ST/T506175/1. This research is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 803193/BEBOP), and by a Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant (no. RPG-2018-418).

PY - 2024/3

Y1 - 2024/3

N2 - Observations of low-mass stars have frequently shown a disagreement between observed stellar radii and radii predicted by theoretical stellar structure models. This ‘radius inflation’ problem could have an impact on both stellar and exoplanetary science. We present the final results of our observation programme with the CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS) to obtain high-precision light curves of eclipsing binaries with low-mass stellar companions (EBLMs). Combined with the spectroscopic orbits of the solar-type companions, we can derive the masses, radii, and effective temperatures of 23 M-dwarf stars. We use the pycheops data analysis software to analyse their primary and secondary occultations. For all but one target, we also perform analyses with Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) light curves for comparison. We have assessed the impact of starspot-induced variation on our derived parameters and account for this in our radius and effective temperature uncertainties using simulated light curves. We observe trends in inflation with both metallicity and orbital separation. We also observe a strong trend in the difference between theoretical and observational effective temperatures with metallicity. There is no such trend with orbital separation. These results are not consistent with the idea that the observed inflation in stellar radius combines with lower effective temperature to preserve the luminosity predicted by low-mass stellar models. Our EBLM systems provide high-quality and homogeneous measurements that can be used in further studies of radius inflation.

AB - Observations of low-mass stars have frequently shown a disagreement between observed stellar radii and radii predicted by theoretical stellar structure models. This ‘radius inflation’ problem could have an impact on both stellar and exoplanetary science. We present the final results of our observation programme with the CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS) to obtain high-precision light curves of eclipsing binaries with low-mass stellar companions (EBLMs). Combined with the spectroscopic orbits of the solar-type companions, we can derive the masses, radii, and effective temperatures of 23 M-dwarf stars. We use the pycheops data analysis software to analyse their primary and secondary occultations. For all but one target, we also perform analyses with Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) light curves for comparison. We have assessed the impact of starspot-induced variation on our derived parameters and account for this in our radius and effective temperature uncertainties using simulated light curves. We observe trends in inflation with both metallicity and orbital separation. We also observe a strong trend in the difference between theoretical and observational effective temperatures with metallicity. There is no such trend with orbital separation. These results are not consistent with the idea that the observed inflation in stellar radius combines with lower effective temperature to preserve the luminosity predicted by low-mass stellar models. Our EBLM systems provide high-quality and homogeneous measurements that can be used in further studies of radius inflation.

KW - Space and Planetary Science

KW - Astronomy and Astrophysics

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stad3866

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stad3866

M3 - Article

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 528

SP - 5703

EP - 5722

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 4

ER -

The EBLM Project– XI. Mass, radius, and effective temperature measurements for 23 M-dwarf companions to solar-type stars observed with CHEOPS

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Projects

PLATO 22-25: Support for the PLATO Development Phase 2022-2025: Planet candidate ranking and validation

AO2 - Professor Andrew Cameron: Project AO2 - Andrew Cameron

Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021: Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021

Datasets

The EBLM Project– XI. Mass, radius, and effective temperature measurements for 23 M-dwarf companions to solar-type stars observed with CHEOPS (dataset)

Cite this