The Arctic

R. L. Thoman; T. A. Moon; M. L. Druckenmiller; Thomas G. Askjaer; Thomas J. Ballinger; Uma S. Bhatt; Logan T. Berner; Germar H. Bernhard; Siiri Bigalke; Jarle W. Bjerke; Angela Bliss; Jason E. Box; Mike Brady; Brian Brettschneider; Amy H. Butler; Hanne H. Christiansen; Alex Crawford; Bertrand Decharme; Chris Derksen; Dmitry Divine; Alesksandra Elias Chereque; Howard E. Epstein; Sinead Farrell; Robert S. Fausto; Xavier Fettweis; Vitali E. Fioletov; Bruce C. Forbes; Gerald V. (JJ) Frost; Sebastian Gerland; Jens-Uwe Grooß; Edward Hanna; Stefan Hendricks; Stephen Howell; Iolanda Ialongo; Ketil Isaksen; Gensuo Jia; Bjørn Johnsen; Lars Kaleschke; Seong-Joong Kim; Zachary M. Labe; Rick Lader; Kaisa Lakkala; Mark J. Lara; Simon H. Lee; Bryant D. Loomis; Kari Luojus; Matthew J. Macander; Rúna Í. Magnússon; Ken D. Mankoff; James W. Mcclelland; Brooke Medley; Walter N. Meier; Paul M. Montesano; Thomas L. Mote; Herdis Motrøen Gjelten; Lawrence Mudryk; Rolf Müller; Christopher S. R. Neigh; Kelsey E. Nyland; James E. Overland; Donald K. Perovich; Alek Petty; Gareth K. Phoenix; Kristin Poinar; Robert Ricker; Vladimir E. Romanovsky; Johan H. Scheller; Mark C. Serreze; Alexander I. Shiklomanov; Nikolay I. Shiklomanov; Benjamin E. Smith; Sharon L. Smith; Robert G. M. Spencer; Dmitry A. Streletskiy; Anya Suslova; Tove Svendby; Suzanne E. Tank; Xiangshan Tian-Kunze; Marco Tedesco; Mary-Louise Timmermans; Hans Tømmervik; Mikhail Tretiakov; Christine F. Waigl; Donald (Skip) A. Walker; John E. Walsh; Muyin Wang; Melinda Webster; Dedi Yang; Scott Zolkos

doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0104.1

The Arctic

R. L. Thoman^*, T. A. Moon, M. L. Druckenmiller, Thomas G. Askjaer, Thomas J. Ballinger, Uma S. Bhatt, Logan T. Berner, Germar H. Bernhard, Siiri Bigalke, Jarle W. Bjerke, Angela Bliss, Jason E. Box, Mike Brady, Brian Brettschneider, Amy H. Butler, Hanne H. Christiansen, Alex Crawford, Bertrand Decharme, Chris Derksen, Dmitry DivineAlesksandra Elias Chereque, Howard E. Epstein, Sinead Farrell, Robert S. Fausto, Xavier Fettweis, Vitali E. Fioletov, Bruce C. Forbes, Gerald V. (JJ) Frost, Sebastian Gerland, Jens-Uwe Grooß, Edward Hanna, Stefan Hendricks, Stephen Howell, Iolanda Ialongo, Ketil Isaksen, Gensuo Jia, Bjørn Johnsen, Lars Kaleschke, Seong-Joong Kim, Zachary M. Labe, Rick Lader, Kaisa Lakkala, Mark J. Lara, Simon H. Lee, Bryant D. Loomis, Kari Luojus, Matthew J. Macander, Rúna Í. Magnússon, Ken D. Mankoff, James W. Mcclelland, Brooke Medley, Walter N. Meier, Paul M. Montesano, Thomas L. Mote, Herdis Motrøen Gjelten, Lawrence Mudryk, Rolf Müller, Christopher S. R. Neigh, Kelsey E. Nyland, James E. Overland, Donald K. Perovich, Alek Petty, Gareth K. Phoenix, Kristin Poinar, Robert Ricker, Vladimir E. Romanovsky, Johan H. Scheller, Mark C. Serreze, Alexander I. Shiklomanov, Nikolay I. Shiklomanov, Benjamin E. Smith, Sharon L. Smith, Robert G. M. Spencer, Dmitry A. Streletskiy, Anya Suslova, Tove Svendby, Suzanne E. Tank, Xiangshan Tian-Kunze, Marco Tedesco, Mary-Louise Timmermans, Hans Tømmervik, Mikhail Tretiakov, Christine F. Waigl, Donald (Skip) A. Walker, John E. Walsh, Muyin Wang, Melinda Webster, Dedi Yang, Scott Zolkos

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Earth & Environmental Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	S300-S356
Number of pages	57
Journal	Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Volume	106
Issue number	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0104.1
Publication status	Published - 1 Aug 2025

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10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0104.1

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Thoman, R. L., Moon, T. A., Druckenmiller, M. L., Askjaer, T. G., Ballinger, T. J., Bhatt, U. S., Berner, L. T., Bernhard, G. H., Bigalke, S., Bjerke, J. W., Bliss, A., Box, J. E., Brady, M., Brettschneider, B., Butler, A. H., Christiansen, H. H., Crawford, A., Decharme, B., Derksen, C., ... Zolkos, S. (2025). The Arctic. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 106(8), S300-S356. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0104.1

@article{d0e125426c7a4c0ea78a5a7fa81a5049,

title = "The Arctic",

author = "Thoman, \{R. L.\} and Moon, \{T. A.\} and Druckenmiller, \{M. L.\} and Askjaer, \{Thomas G.\} and Ballinger, \{Thomas J.\} and Bhatt, \{Uma S.\} and Berner, \{Logan T.\} and Bernhard, \{Germar H.\} and Siiri Bigalke and Bjerke, \{Jarle W.\} and Angela Bliss and Box, \{Jason E.\} and Mike Brady and Brian Brettschneider and Butler, \{Amy H.\} and Christiansen, \{Hanne H.\} and Alex Crawford and Bertrand Decharme and Chris Derksen and Dmitry Divine and \{Elias Chereque\}, Alesksandra and Epstein, \{Howard E.\} and Sinead Farrell and Fausto, \{Robert S.\} and Xavier Fettweis and Fioletov, \{Vitali E.\} and Forbes, \{Bruce C.\} and Frost, \{Gerald V. (JJ)\} and Sebastian Gerland and Jens-Uwe Groo{\ss} and Edward Hanna and Stefan Hendricks and Stephen Howell and Iolanda Ialongo and Ketil Isaksen and Gensuo Jia and Bj{\o}rn Johnsen and Lars Kaleschke and Seong-Joong Kim and Labe, \{Zachary M.\} and Rick Lader and Kaisa Lakkala and Lara, \{Mark J.\} and Lee, \{Simon H.\} and Loomis, \{Bryant D.\} and Kari Luojus and Macander, \{Matthew J.\} and Magn{\'u}sson, \{R{\'u}na {\'I}.\} and Mankoff, \{Ken D.\} and Mcclelland, \{James W.\} and Brooke Medley and Meier, \{Walter N.\} and Montesano, \{Paul M.\} and Mote, \{Thomas L.\} and \{Motr{\o}en Gjelten\}, Herdis and Lawrence Mudryk and Rolf M{\"u}ller and Neigh, \{Christopher S. R.\} and Nyland, \{Kelsey E.\} and Overland, \{James E.\} and Perovich, \{Donald K.\} and Alek Petty and Phoenix, \{Gareth K.\} and Kristin Poinar and Robert Ricker and Romanovsky, \{Vladimir E.\} and Scheller, \{Johan H.\} and Serreze, \{Mark C.\} and Shiklomanov, \{Alexander I.\} and Shiklomanov, \{Nikolay I.\} and Smith, \{Benjamin E.\} and Smith, \{Sharon L.\} and Spencer, \{Robert G. M.\} and Streletskiy, \{Dmitry A.\} and Anya Suslova and Tove Svendby and Tank, \{Suzanne E.\} and Xiangshan Tian-Kunze and Marco Tedesco and Mary-Louise Timmermans and Hans T{\o}mmervik and Mikhail Tretiakov and Waigl, \{Christine F.\} and Walker, \{Donald (Skip) A.\} and Walsh, \{John E.\} and Muyin Wang and Melinda Webster and Dedi Yang and Scott Zolkos",

note = "Funding: The authors and chapter editors appreciate support provided by NOAA{\textquoteright}s Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Arctic Research Program, including content editing funded through the Cooperative Institute for Earth System Research and Data Science (CIESRDS) via NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA22OAR4320151 (M. Druckenmiller and T. Moon) and by the Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA20OAR4320271 (R. Thoman). The authors thank the Academy of Finland for supporting ultraviolet measurements through the FARPOCC, SAARA, and CHAMPS (grant no. 329225) projects. M.-L. Timmermans acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs and the Office of Naval Research. Z.M. Labe acknowledges support from NOAA and its Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). James McClelland and coauthors acknowledge NSF support for the Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (NSF 1913888, 1914081, 1914215, 1913962, 2230812). Discharge data for the Mackenzie River are courtesy of Environment and Climate Change Canada.",

year = "2025",

month = aug,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0104.1",

language = "English",

volume = "106",

pages = "S300--S356",

journal = "Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society",

issn = "0003-0007",

publisher = "American Meteorological Society",

number = "8",

}

Thoman, RL, Moon, TA, Druckenmiller, ML, Askjaer, TG, Ballinger, TJ, Bhatt, US, Berner, LT, Bernhard, GH, Bigalke, S, Bjerke, JW, Bliss, A, Box, JE, Brady, M, Brettschneider, B, Butler, AH, Christiansen, HH, Crawford, A, Decharme, B, Derksen, C, Divine, D, Elias Chereque, A, Epstein, HE, Farrell, S, Fausto, RS, Fettweis, X, Fioletov, VE, Forbes, BC, Frost, GV, Gerland, S, Grooß, J-U, Hanna, E, Hendricks, S, Howell, S, Ialongo, I, Isaksen, K, Jia, G, Johnsen, B, Kaleschke, L, Kim, S-J, Labe, ZM, Lader, R, Lakkala, K, Lara, MJ, Lee, SH, Loomis, BD, Luojus, K, Macander, MJ, Magnússon, RÍ, Mankoff, KD, Mcclelland, JW, Medley, B, Meier, WN, Montesano, PM, Mote, TL, Motrøen Gjelten, H, Mudryk, L, Müller, R, Neigh, CSR, Nyland, KE, Overland, JE, Perovich, DK, Petty, A, Phoenix, GK, Poinar, K, Ricker, R, Romanovsky, VE, Scheller, JH, Serreze, MC, Shiklomanov, AI, Shiklomanov, NI, Smith, BE, Smith, SL, Spencer, RGM, Streletskiy, DA, Suslova, A, Svendby, T, Tank, SE, Tian-Kunze, X, Tedesco, M, Timmermans, M-L, Tømmervik, H, Tretiakov, M, Waigl, CF, Walker, DA, Walsh, JE, Wang, M, Webster, M, Yang, D & Zolkos, S 2025, 'The Arctic', Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol. 106, no. 8, pp. S300-S356. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0104.1

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Arctic

AU - Thoman, R. L.

AU - Moon, T. A.

AU - Druckenmiller, M. L.

AU - Askjaer, Thomas G.

AU - Ballinger, Thomas J.

AU - Bhatt, Uma S.

AU - Berner, Logan T.

AU - Bernhard, Germar H.

AU - Bigalke, Siiri

AU - Bjerke, Jarle W.

AU - Bliss, Angela

AU - Box, Jason E.

AU - Brady, Mike

AU - Brettschneider, Brian

AU - Butler, Amy H.

AU - Christiansen, Hanne H.

AU - Crawford, Alex

AU - Decharme, Bertrand

AU - Derksen, Chris

AU - Divine, Dmitry

AU - Elias Chereque, Alesksandra

AU - Epstein, Howard E.

AU - Farrell, Sinead

AU - Fausto, Robert S.

AU - Fettweis, Xavier

AU - Fioletov, Vitali E.

AU - Forbes, Bruce C.

AU - Frost, Gerald V. (JJ)

AU - Gerland, Sebastian

AU - Grooß, Jens-Uwe

AU - Hanna, Edward

AU - Hendricks, Stefan

AU - Howell, Stephen

AU - Ialongo, Iolanda

AU - Isaksen, Ketil

AU - Jia, Gensuo

AU - Johnsen, Bjørn

AU - Kaleschke, Lars

AU - Kim, Seong-Joong

AU - Labe, Zachary M.

AU - Lader, Rick

AU - Lakkala, Kaisa

AU - Lara, Mark J.

AU - Lee, Simon H.

AU - Loomis, Bryant D.

AU - Luojus, Kari

AU - Macander, Matthew J.

AU - Magnússon, Rúna Í.

AU - Mankoff, Ken D.

AU - Mcclelland, James W.

AU - Medley, Brooke

AU - Meier, Walter N.

AU - Montesano, Paul M.

AU - Mote, Thomas L.

AU - Motrøen Gjelten, Herdis

AU - Mudryk, Lawrence

AU - Müller, Rolf

AU - Neigh, Christopher S. R.

AU - Nyland, Kelsey E.

AU - Overland, James E.

AU - Perovich, Donald K.

AU - Petty, Alek

AU - Phoenix, Gareth K.

AU - Poinar, Kristin

AU - Ricker, Robert

AU - Romanovsky, Vladimir E.

AU - Scheller, Johan H.

AU - Serreze, Mark C.

AU - Shiklomanov, Alexander I.

AU - Shiklomanov, Nikolay I.

AU - Smith, Benjamin E.

AU - Smith, Sharon L.

AU - Spencer, Robert G. M.

AU - Streletskiy, Dmitry A.

AU - Suslova, Anya

AU - Svendby, Tove

AU - Tank, Suzanne E.

AU - Tian-Kunze, Xiangshan

AU - Tedesco, Marco

AU - Timmermans, Mary-Louise

AU - Tømmervik, Hans

AU - Tretiakov, Mikhail

AU - Waigl, Christine F.

AU - Walker, Donald (Skip) A.

AU - Walsh, John E.

AU - Wang, Muyin

AU - Webster, Melinda

AU - Yang, Dedi

AU - Zolkos, Scott

N1 - Funding: The authors and chapter editors appreciate support provided by NOAA’s Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Arctic Research Program, including content editing funded through the Cooperative Institute for Earth System Research and Data Science (CIESRDS) via NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA22OAR4320151 (M. Druckenmiller and T. Moon) and by the Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA20OAR4320271 (R. Thoman). The authors thank the Academy of Finland for supporting ultraviolet measurements through the FARPOCC, SAARA, and CHAMPS (grant no. 329225) projects. M.-L. Timmermans acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs and the Office of Naval Research. Z.M. Labe acknowledges support from NOAA and its Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). James McClelland and coauthors acknowledge NSF support for the Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (NSF 1913888, 1914081, 1914215, 1913962, 2230812). Discharge data for the Mackenzie River are courtesy of Environment and Climate Change Canada.

PY - 2025/8/1

Y1 - 2025/8/1

UR - https://doi.org/10.1175/2025BAMSStateoftheClimate.1

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105019224547

U2 - 10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0104.1

DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0104.1

M3 - Article

SN - 0003-0007

VL - 106

SP - S300-S356

JO - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

JF - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

IS - 8

ER -

The Arctic

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