TESS spots a super-puff: the remarkably low density of TOI-1420b

Stephanie Yoshida; Shreyas Vissapragada; David W. Latham; Allyson Bieryla; Daniel P. Thorngren; Jason D. Eastman; Mercedes López-Morales; Khalid Barkaoui; Charles Beichmam; Perry Berlind; Lars A. Buchave; Michael L. Calkins; David R. Ciardi; Karen A. Collins; Rosario Cosentino; Ian J. M. Crossfield; Fei Dai; Victoria DiTomasso; Nicholas Dowling; Gilbert A. Esquerdo; Raquel Forés-Toribio; Adriano Ghedina; Maria V. Goliguzova; Eli Golub; Erica J. Gonzales; Ferran Grau Horta; Jesus Higuera; Nora Hoch; Keith Horne; Steve B. Howell; Jon M. Jenkins; Jessica Klusmeyer; Didier Laloum; Jack J. Lissauer; Sarah E. Logsdon; Luca Malavolta; Rachel A. Matson; Elisabeth C. Matthews; Kim K. McLeod; Jennifer V. Medina; Jose A. Muñoz; Hugh P. Osborn; Boris Safonov; Joshua Schlieder; Michael Schmidt; Heidi Schweiker; Sara Seager; Alessandro Sozzetti; Gregor Srdoc; Guđmundur Stefánsson; Ivan A. Strakhov; Stephanie Striegel; Joel Villaseñor; Joshua N. Winn

TESS spots a super-puff: the remarkably low density of TOI-1420b

Stephanie Yoshida, Shreyas Vissapragada, David W. Latham, Allyson Bieryla, Daniel P. Thorngren, Jason D. Eastman, Mercedes López-Morales, Khalid Barkaoui, Charles Beichmam, Perry Berlind, Lars A. Buchave, Michael L. Calkins, David R. Ciardi, Karen A. Collins, Rosario Cosentino, Ian J. M. Crossfield, Fei Dai, Victoria DiTomasso, Nicholas Dowling, Gilbert A. EsquerdoRaquel Forés-Toribio, Adriano Ghedina, Maria V. Goliguzova, Eli Golub, Erica J. Gonzales, Ferran Grau Horta, Jesus Higuera, Nora Hoch, Keith Horne, Steve B. Howell, Jon M. Jenkins, Jessica Klusmeyer, Didier Laloum, Jack J. Lissauer, Sarah E. Logsdon, Luca Malavolta, Rachel A. Matson, Elisabeth C. Matthews, Kim K. McLeod, Jennifer V. Medina, Jose A. Muñoz, Hugh P. Osborn, Boris Safonov, Joshua Schlieder, Michael Schmidt, Heidi Schweiker, Sara Seager, Alessandro Sozzetti, Gregor Srdoc, Guđmundur Stefánsson, Ivan A. Strakhov, Stephanie Striegel, Joel Villaseñor, Joshua N. Winn

Research output: Working paper › Preprint

Abstract

We present the discovery of TOI-1420b, an exceptionally low-density (ρ = 0.08 ± 0.02 g cm^-3) transiting planet in a P = 6.96 day orbit around a late G dwarf star. Using transit observations from TESS, LCOGT, OPM, Whitin, Wendelstein, OAUV, Ca l'Ou, and KeplerCam along with radial velocity observations from HARPS-N and NEID, we find that the planet has a radius of R_p = 11.9 ± 0.3 R⊕ and a mass of M_p = 25.1 ± 3.8 M⊕. TOI-1420b is the largest-known planet with a mass less than 50M⊕, indicating that it contains a sizeable envelope of hydrogen and helium. We determine TOI-1420b's envelope mass fraction to be f_env = 82⁺⁷_-6%, suggesting that runaway gas accretion occurred when its core was at most 4-5x the mass of the Earth. TOI-1420b is similar to the planet WASP-107b in mass, radius, density, and orbital period, so a comparison of these two systems may help reveal the origins of close-in low-density planets. With an atmospheric scale height of 1950 km, a transmission spectroscopy metric of 580, and a predicted Rossiter-McLaughlin amplitude of about 17 m s^-1, TOI-1420b is an excellent target for future atmospheric and dynamical characterization.

Original language	English
Publisher	arXiv
Number of pages	18
Publication status	Submitted - 18 Sept 2023

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.09945Licence: CC BY

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Yoshida, S., Vissapragada, S., Latham, D. W., Bieryla, A., Thorngren, D. P., Eastman, J. D., López-Morales, M., Barkaoui, K., Beichmam, C., Berlind, P., Buchave, L. A., Calkins, M. L., Ciardi, D. R., Collins, K. A., Cosentino, R., Crossfield, I. J. M., Dai, F., DiTomasso, V., Dowling, N., ... Winn, J. N. (2023). TESS spots a super-puff: the remarkably low density of TOI-1420b. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.09945

@techreport{c086431357b14fea8892ac42ab863f28,

title = "TESS spots a super-puff: the remarkably low density of TOI-1420b",

abstract = "We present the discovery of TOI-1420b, an exceptionally low-density (ρ = 0.08 ± 0.02 g cm-3) transiting planet in a P = 6.96 day orbit around a late G dwarf star. Using transit observations from TESS, LCOGT, OPM, Whitin, Wendelstein, OAUV, Ca l'Ou, and KeplerCam along with radial velocity observations from HARPS-N and NEID, we find that the planet has a radius of Rp = 11.9 ± 0.3 R⊕ and a mass of Mp = 25.1 ± 3.8 M⊕. TOI-1420b is the largest-known planet with a mass less than 50M⊕, indicating that it contains a sizeable envelope of hydrogen and helium. We determine TOI-1420b's envelope mass fraction to be fenv = 82+7-6%, suggesting that runaway gas accretion occurred when its core was at most 4-5x the mass of the Earth. TOI-1420b is similar to the planet WASP-107b in mass, radius, density, and orbital period, so a comparison of these two systems may help reveal the origins of close-in low-density planets. With an atmospheric scale height of 1950 km, a transmission spectroscopy metric of 580, and a predicted Rossiter-McLaughlin amplitude of about 17 m s-1, TOI-1420b is an excellent target for future atmospheric and dynamical characterization. ",

author = "Stephanie Yoshida and Shreyas Vissapragada and Latham, {David W.} and Allyson Bieryla and Thorngren, {Daniel P.} and Eastman, {Jason D.} and Mercedes L{\'o}pez-Morales and Khalid Barkaoui and Charles Beichmam and Perry Berlind and Buchave, {Lars A.} and Calkins, {Michael L.} and Ciardi, {David R.} and Collins, {Karen A.} and Rosario Cosentino and Crossfield, {Ian J. M.} and Fei Dai and Victoria DiTomasso and Nicholas Dowling and Esquerdo, {Gilbert A.} and Raquel For{\'e}s-Toribio and Adriano Ghedina and Goliguzova, {Maria V.} and Eli Golub and Gonzales, {Erica J.} and Horta, {Ferran Grau} and Jesus Higuera and Nora Hoch and Keith Horne and Howell, {Steve B.} and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Jessica Klusmeyer and Didier Laloum and Lissauer, {Jack J.} and Logsdon, {Sarah E.} and Luca Malavolta and Matson, {Rachel A.} and Matthews, {Elisabeth C.} and McLeod, {Kim K.} and Medina, {Jennifer V.} and Mu{\~n}oz, {Jose A.} and Osborn, {Hugh P.} and Boris Safonov and Joshua Schlieder and Michael Schmidt and Heidi Schweiker and Sara Seager and Alessandro Sozzetti and Gregor Srdoc and Gu{\d}mundur Stef{\'a}nsson and Strakhov, {Ivan A.} and Stephanie Striegel and Joel Villase{\~n}or and Winn, {Joshua N.}",

year = "2023",

month = sep,

day = "18",

language = "English",

publisher = "arXiv",

type = "WorkingPaper",

institution = "arXiv",

}

Yoshida, S, Vissapragada, S, Latham, DW, Bieryla, A, Thorngren, DP, Eastman, JD, López-Morales, M, Barkaoui, K, Beichmam, C, Berlind, P, Buchave, LA, Calkins, ML, Ciardi, DR, Collins, KA, Cosentino, R, Crossfield, IJM, Dai, F, DiTomasso, V, Dowling, N, Esquerdo, GA, Forés-Toribio, R, Ghedina, A, Goliguzova, MV, Golub, E, Gonzales, EJ, Horta, FG, Higuera, J, Hoch, N, Horne, K, Howell, SB, Jenkins, JM, Klusmeyer, J, Laloum, D, Lissauer, JJ, Logsdon, SE, Malavolta, L, Matson, RA, Matthews, EC, McLeod, KK, Medina, JV, Muñoz, JA, Osborn, HP, Safonov, B, Schlieder, J, Schmidt, M, Schweiker, H, Seager, S, Sozzetti, A, Srdoc, G, Stefánsson, G, Strakhov, IA, Striegel, S, Villaseñor, J & Winn, JN 2023 'TESS spots a super-puff: the remarkably low density of TOI-1420b' arXiv. <https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.09945>

TY - UNPB

T1 - TESS spots a super-puff

T2 - the remarkably low density of TOI-1420b

AU - Yoshida, Stephanie

AU - Vissapragada, Shreyas

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Bieryla, Allyson

AU - Thorngren, Daniel P.

AU - Eastman, Jason D.

AU - López-Morales, Mercedes

AU - Barkaoui, Khalid

AU - Beichmam, Charles

AU - Berlind, Perry

AU - Buchave, Lars A.

AU - Calkins, Michael L.

AU - Ciardi, David R.

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Cosentino, Rosario

AU - Crossfield, Ian J. M.

AU - Dai, Fei

AU - DiTomasso, Victoria

AU - Dowling, Nicholas

AU - Esquerdo, Gilbert A.

AU - Forés-Toribio, Raquel

AU - Ghedina, Adriano

AU - Goliguzova, Maria V.

AU - Golub, Eli

AU - Gonzales, Erica J.

AU - Horta, Ferran Grau

AU - Higuera, Jesus

AU - Hoch, Nora

AU - Horne, Keith

AU - Howell, Steve B.

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Klusmeyer, Jessica

AU - Laloum, Didier

AU - Lissauer, Jack J.

AU - Logsdon, Sarah E.

AU - Malavolta, Luca

AU - Matson, Rachel A.

AU - Matthews, Elisabeth C.

AU - McLeod, Kim K.

AU - Medina, Jennifer V.

AU - Muñoz, Jose A.

AU - Osborn, Hugh P.

AU - Safonov, Boris

AU - Schlieder, Joshua

AU - Schmidt, Michael

AU - Schweiker, Heidi

AU - Seager, Sara

AU - Sozzetti, Alessandro

AU - Srdoc, Gregor

AU - Stefánsson, Guđmundur

AU - Strakhov, Ivan A.

AU - Striegel, Stephanie

AU - Villaseñor, Joel

AU - Winn, Joshua N.

PY - 2023/9/18

Y1 - 2023/9/18

N2 - We present the discovery of TOI-1420b, an exceptionally low-density (ρ = 0.08 ± 0.02 g cm-3) transiting planet in a P = 6.96 day orbit around a late G dwarf star. Using transit observations from TESS, LCOGT, OPM, Whitin, Wendelstein, OAUV, Ca l'Ou, and KeplerCam along with radial velocity observations from HARPS-N and NEID, we find that the planet has a radius of Rp = 11.9 ± 0.3 R⊕ and a mass of Mp = 25.1 ± 3.8 M⊕. TOI-1420b is the largest-known planet with a mass less than 50M⊕, indicating that it contains a sizeable envelope of hydrogen and helium. We determine TOI-1420b's envelope mass fraction to be fenv = 82+7-6%, suggesting that runaway gas accretion occurred when its core was at most 4-5x the mass of the Earth. TOI-1420b is similar to the planet WASP-107b in mass, radius, density, and orbital period, so a comparison of these two systems may help reveal the origins of close-in low-density planets. With an atmospheric scale height of 1950 km, a transmission spectroscopy metric of 580, and a predicted Rossiter-McLaughlin amplitude of about 17 m s-1, TOI-1420b is an excellent target for future atmospheric and dynamical characterization.

AB - We present the discovery of TOI-1420b, an exceptionally low-density (ρ = 0.08 ± 0.02 g cm-3) transiting planet in a P = 6.96 day orbit around a late G dwarf star. Using transit observations from TESS, LCOGT, OPM, Whitin, Wendelstein, OAUV, Ca l'Ou, and KeplerCam along with radial velocity observations from HARPS-N and NEID, we find that the planet has a radius of Rp = 11.9 ± 0.3 R⊕ and a mass of Mp = 25.1 ± 3.8 M⊕. TOI-1420b is the largest-known planet with a mass less than 50M⊕, indicating that it contains a sizeable envelope of hydrogen and helium. We determine TOI-1420b's envelope mass fraction to be fenv = 82+7-6%, suggesting that runaway gas accretion occurred when its core was at most 4-5x the mass of the Earth. TOI-1420b is similar to the planet WASP-107b in mass, radius, density, and orbital period, so a comparison of these two systems may help reveal the origins of close-in low-density planets. With an atmospheric scale height of 1950 km, a transmission spectroscopy metric of 580, and a predicted Rossiter-McLaughlin amplitude of about 17 m s-1, TOI-1420b is an excellent target for future atmospheric and dynamical characterization.

M3 - Preprint

BT - TESS spots a super-puff

PB - arXiv

ER -

TESS spots a super-puff: the remarkably low density of TOI-1420b

Abstract

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