Surface-Functionalized Metal-Organic Frameworks for Binding Coronavirus Proteins

Aamod Vikas Desai; Simon M. Vornholt; Louise L Major; Romy  Ettlinger; Christian Jansen; Daniel Rainer; Richard de Rome; Venus So; Paul S. Wheatley; Ailsa K. Edward; Caroline Elliott; Atin Pramanik; Avishek Karmakar; Robert Armstrong; Christoph Janiak; Terry K Smith; Russell Edward Morris

doi:10.1021/acsami.2c21187

Surface-Functionalized Metal-Organic Frameworks for Binding Coronavirus Proteins

Aamod Vikas Desai^*, Simon M. Vornholt, Louise L Major, Romy Ettlinger, Christian Jansen, Daniel Rainer, Richard de Rome, Venus So, Paul S. Wheatley, Ailsa K. Edward, Caroline Elliott, Atin Pramanik, Avishek Karmakar, Robert Armstrong, Christoph Janiak, Terry K Smith, Russell Edward Morris

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, a multitude of strategies have been explored for the means of protection and shielding against virus particles: filtration equipment (PPE) has been widely used in daily life. In this work, we explore another approach in the form of deactivating coronavirus particles through selective binding onto the surface of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to further the fight against the transmission of respiratory viruses. MOFs are attractive materials in this regard, as their rich pore and surface chemistry can easily be modified on demand. The surfaces of three MOFs, UiO-66(Zr), UiO-66-NH₂(Zr), and UiO-66-NO₂(Zr), have been functionalized with repurposed antiviral agents, namely, folic acid, nystatin, and tenofovir, to enable specific interactions with the external spike protein of the SARS virus. Protein binding studies revealed that this surface modification significantly improved the binding affinity toward glycosylated and non-glycosylated proteins for all three MOFs. Additionally, the pores for the surface-functionalized MOFs can adsorb water, making them suitable for locally dehydrating microbial aerosols. Our findings highlight the immense potential of MOFs in deactivating respiratory coronaviruses to be better equipped to fight future pandemics.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	9058–9065
Number of pages	8
Journal	ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Volume	15
Issue number	7
Early online date	14 Feb 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c21187 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c21187
Publication status	Published - 22 Feb 2023

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2
Antiviral drugs
Metal-organic framework
Protein binding
Water adsorption

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Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society A. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the final published version of the work, which was originally published at https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c21187.
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Desai, A. V., Vornholt, S. M., Major, L. L., Ettlinger, R., Jansen, C., Rainer, D., de Rome, R., So, V., Wheatley, P. S., Edward, A. K., Elliott, C., Pramanik, A., Karmakar, A., Armstrong, R., Janiak, C., Smith, T. K., & Morris, R. E. (2023). Surface-Functionalized Metal-Organic Frameworks for Binding Coronavirus Proteins. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 15(7), 9058–9065. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c21187, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c21187

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abstract = "Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, a multitude of strategies have been explored for the means of protection and shielding against virus particles: filtration equipment (PPE) has been widely used in daily life. In this work, we explore another approach in the form of deactivating coronavirus particles through selective binding onto the surface of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to further the fight against the transmission of respiratory viruses. MOFs are attractive materials in this regard, as their rich pore and surface chemistry can easily be modified on demand. The surfaces of three MOFs, UiO-66(Zr), UiO-66-NH2(Zr), and UiO-66-NO2(Zr), have been functionalized with repurposed antiviral agents, namely, folic acid, nystatin, and tenofovir, to enable specific interactions with the external spike protein of the SARS virus. Protein binding studies revealed that this surface modification significantly improved the binding affinity toward glycosylated and non-glycosylated proteins for all three MOFs. Additionally, the pores for the surface-functionalized MOFs can adsorb water, making them suitable for locally dehydrating microbial aerosols. Our findings highlight the immense potential of MOFs in deactivating respiratory coronaviruses to be better equipped to fight future pandemics.",

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author = "Desai, \{Aamod Vikas\} and Vornholt, \{Simon M.\} and Major, \{Louise L\} and Romy Ettlinger and Christian Jansen and Daniel Rainer and \{de Rome\}, Richard and Venus So and Wheatley, \{Paul S.\} and Edward, \{Ailsa K.\} and Caroline Elliott and Atin Pramanik and Avishek Karmakar and Robert Armstrong and Christoph Janiak and Smith, \{Terry K\} and Morris, \{Russell Edward\}",

note = "Funding: This work was supported by University of St Andrews Restarting Research Funding Scheme (SARRF), funded through the SFC grant reference SFC/AN/08/020 (XRR064) and European Research Council grant ADOR (Advanced Grant 787073). The authors acknowledge the EPSRC Light Element Analysis Facility Grant (EP/T019298/1) and the EPSRC Strategic Equipment Resource Grant (EP/R023751/1).",

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doi = "10.1021/acsami.2c21187",

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Desai, AV, Vornholt, SM, Major, LL, Ettlinger, R, Jansen, C, Rainer, D, de Rome, R, So, V, Wheatley, PS, Edward, AK, Elliott, C, Pramanik, A, Karmakar, A, Armstrong, R, Janiak, C, Smith, TK & Morris, RE 2023, 'Surface-Functionalized Metal-Organic Frameworks for Binding Coronavirus Proteins', ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 9058–9065. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c21187, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c21187

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AU - Desai, Aamod Vikas

AU - Vornholt, Simon M.

AU - Major, Louise L

AU - Ettlinger, Romy

AU - Jansen, Christian

AU - Rainer, Daniel

AU - de Rome, Richard

AU - So, Venus

AU - Wheatley, Paul S.

AU - Edward, Ailsa K.

AU - Elliott, Caroline

AU - Pramanik, Atin

AU - Karmakar, Avishek

AU - Armstrong, Robert

AU - Janiak, Christoph

AU - Smith, Terry K

AU - Morris, Russell Edward

N1 - Funding: This work was supported by University of St Andrews Restarting Research Funding Scheme (SARRF), funded through the SFC grant reference SFC/AN/08/020 (XRR064) and European Research Council grant ADOR (Advanced Grant 787073). The authors acknowledge the EPSRC Light Element Analysis Facility Grant (EP/T019298/1) and the EPSRC Strategic Equipment Resource Grant (EP/R023751/1).

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Y1 - 2023/2/22

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Surface-Functionalized Metal-Organic Frameworks for Binding Coronavirus Proteins

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MOFs as Coronavirus Filters for PPE: Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Coronavirus Filters for PPE

Light Element Analysis Facility (LEAF): Light Element Analysis Facility (LEAF)

H2020 ERC Advanced Grant 2017 ADOR: H2020 ERC Advanced Grant 2017 ADOR