Structure and evolutionary origins of the CMG complex

The CMG (Cdc45–MCM–GINS) complex is the eukaryotic replicative helicase, the enzyme that unwinds double-stranded DNA at replication forks. All three components of the CMG complex are essential for its function but only in the case of MCM, the molecular motor that harnesses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to catalyse strand separation, is that function clear. Here we review current knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the CMG complex and its components and highlight recent advances in our understanding of its evolutionary origins.