Skip to main navigation Skip to search Skip to main content

Soil Organic Carbon Storage in Coastal Golf Courses: Understanding Carbon Storage for Climate Positive Action in Golf Course Landscapes

William (Bill) Austin*, Craig Smeaton, Anna Flynn, Ailsa Macdonald

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Book/ReportCommissioned report

Abstract

This report sets out a methodology that was implemented as part of a project commissioned by the R&A within the GC2030 initiative; the work was carried out by a research team at the University of St Andrews. The report highlights that soil organic carbon storage in coastal golf courses is equivalent to many other terrestrial and coastal soil types where organic carbon stores are being actively managed. The golf courses of Scotland, England and Wales collectively hold a significant national (UK) store of soil carbon, and hold, on average (area for area), more carbon than arable farmland in the UK. The report also highlights that these soil organic carbon stores are vulnerable to the effects of coastal erosion deriving from accelerating sea-level rise. The report therefore provides a new evidence-based argument to support the case for coastal protection to help prevent and reduce the loss of these vulnerable organic carbon stores.

Original languageEnglish
PublisherRoyal and Ancient
Commissioning bodyThe Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews
Number of pages21
Publication statusPublished - 13 Nov 2025

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

  1. SDG 13 - Climate Action
    SDG 13 Climate Action

Keywords

  • carbon
  • soil
  • coastal
  • organic carbon
  • climate
  • sea level
  • links
  • golf
  • organic matter

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Soil Organic Carbon Storage in Coastal Golf Courses: Understanding Carbon Storage for Climate Positive Action in Golf Course Landscapes'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this