TY - JOUR
T1 - Social media use and cyber-bullying
T2 - a cross-national analysis of young people in 42 countries
AU - Craig, Wendy
AU - Boniel-Nissim, Meyran
AU - King, Nathan
AU - Walsh, Sophie D
AU - Boer, Maartje
AU - Donnelly, Peter D
AU - Harel-Fisch, Yossi
AU - Malinowska-Cieślik, Marta
AU - Gaspar de Matos, Margarida
AU - Cosma, Alina
AU - Van den Eijnden, Regina
AU - Vieno, Alessio
AU - Elgar, Frank J
AU - Molcho, Michal
AU - Bjereld, Ylva
AU - Pickett, William
N1 - Funding: Grant funding for the researchers involved in this cross-national manuscript was provided by the (1) Public Health Agency of Canada; (2) Canadian Institutes of Health Research (operating grant MOP341188); (3) Ministry of Health, Office of the Director, Israel; (4) Ministry of Health, Wellbeing, and Sports, the Netherlands; (5) Institute of Mother and Child, and Warsaw University, Poland; (6) Public Health Agency of Sweden; (7) Italian Ministry of Health/Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; and (8) Department of Health, Ireland.
PY - 2020/6
Y1 - 2020/6
N2 - Purpose: Social media use (SMU) has become an intrinsic part of adolescent life. Negative consequences of SMU for adolescent health could include exposures to online forms of aggression. We explored age, gender, and cross-national differences in adolescents' engagement in SMU, then relationships between SMU and victimization and the perpetration of cyber-bullying.Methods: We used data on young people aged 11-15 years (weighted n = 180,919 in 42 countries) who participated in the 2017-2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Childrenstudy to describe engagement in the three types of SMU (intense, problematic, and talking with strangers online) by age and gender and then in the perpetration and victimization of cyber-bullying. Relationships between SMU and cyber-bullying outcomes were estimated using Poisson regression (weighted n = 166,647 from 42 countries).Results: Variations in SMU and cyber-bullying follow developmental and gender-based patterns across countries. In pooled analyses, engagement in SMU related to cyber-bullying victimization (adjusted relative risks = 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-1.19] to 1.48 [95% CI: 1.42-1.55]) and perpetration (adjusted relative risk = 1.31 [95% CI: 1.26-1.36] to 1.84 [95% CI: 1.74-1.95]). These associations were stronger for cyber-perpetration versus cyber-victimization and for girls versus boys. Problematic SMU was most strongly and consistently associated with cyber-bullying, both for victimization and perpetration. Stratified analyses showed that SMU related to cyber-victimization in 19%-45% of countries and to cyber-perpetration in 38%-86% of countries.Conclusions: Accessibility to social media and its pervasive use has led to new opportunities for online aggression. The time adolescents spend on social media, engage in problematic use, and talk to strangers online each relate to cyber-bullying and merit public health intervention. Problematic use of social media poses the strongest and most consistent risk.
AB - Purpose: Social media use (SMU) has become an intrinsic part of adolescent life. Negative consequences of SMU for adolescent health could include exposures to online forms of aggression. We explored age, gender, and cross-national differences in adolescents' engagement in SMU, then relationships between SMU and victimization and the perpetration of cyber-bullying.Methods: We used data on young people aged 11-15 years (weighted n = 180,919 in 42 countries) who participated in the 2017-2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Childrenstudy to describe engagement in the three types of SMU (intense, problematic, and talking with strangers online) by age and gender and then in the perpetration and victimization of cyber-bullying. Relationships between SMU and cyber-bullying outcomes were estimated using Poisson regression (weighted n = 166,647 from 42 countries).Results: Variations in SMU and cyber-bullying follow developmental and gender-based patterns across countries. In pooled analyses, engagement in SMU related to cyber-bullying victimization (adjusted relative risks = 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-1.19] to 1.48 [95% CI: 1.42-1.55]) and perpetration (adjusted relative risk = 1.31 [95% CI: 1.26-1.36] to 1.84 [95% CI: 1.74-1.95]). These associations were stronger for cyber-perpetration versus cyber-victimization and for girls versus boys. Problematic SMU was most strongly and consistently associated with cyber-bullying, both for victimization and perpetration. Stratified analyses showed that SMU related to cyber-victimization in 19%-45% of countries and to cyber-perpetration in 38%-86% of countries.Conclusions: Accessibility to social media and its pervasive use has led to new opportunities for online aggression. The time adolescents spend on social media, engage in problematic use, and talk to strangers online each relate to cyber-bullying and merit public health intervention. Problematic use of social media poses the strongest and most consistent risk.
KW - Adolescent health
KW - Cyber-bullying
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Social media
KW - Violence
U2 - 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.03.006
DO - 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.03.006
M3 - Article
C2 - 32446603
SN - 1054-139X
VL - 66
SP - S100-S108
JO - Journal of Adolescent Health
JF - Journal of Adolescent Health
IS - 6S
ER -
