TY - JOUR
T1 - Sex differences in performance on a cognitive bias task in Norway rats
AU - Brown, Gillian Ruth
AU - Cullum, Philippa
AU - Martin , Stacey
AU - Healy, Susan Denise
N1 - This research was supported by summer vacation scholarships from the Carnegie Trust (S.M.) and Experimental Psychology Society (P.C.).
PY - 2016/12
Y1 - 2016/12
N2 - Cognitive biases, which are defined as distortions in cognitive processes that are influenced by a background emotional state, can provide information about an individual’s affective state. For instance, negative cognitive biases, where individuals assess ambiguous situations as unrewarding, are commonly found in humans suffering from anxiety disorders. Cognitive biases are also increasingly used as indicators of affective state in animals. As it is not clear whether female and male animals differ in performance on cognitive bias tasks, we used a spatial location task to examine cognitive bias in female and male adult Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus). We trained the rats to distinguish between reward and unrewarded locations, and then provided food pots at ambiguous, intermediate positions. We found that, during testing, females were slowest to approach the unrewarded location, while they approached ambiguous and rewarded locations similarly quickly. In contrast, the males approached all locations quickly. This sex difference is consistent with previous evidence that male rats are quicker than females to extinguish previously learned associations. Cognitive bias tasks could therefore be used to examine sex differences in learning strategies, as well as providing opportunities to test predictions about sex differences in welfare requirements.
AB - Cognitive biases, which are defined as distortions in cognitive processes that are influenced by a background emotional state, can provide information about an individual’s affective state. For instance, negative cognitive biases, where individuals assess ambiguous situations as unrewarding, are commonly found in humans suffering from anxiety disorders. Cognitive biases are also increasingly used as indicators of affective state in animals. As it is not clear whether female and male animals differ in performance on cognitive bias tasks, we used a spatial location task to examine cognitive bias in female and male adult Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus). We trained the rats to distinguish between reward and unrewarded locations, and then provided food pots at ambiguous, intermediate positions. We found that, during testing, females were slowest to approach the unrewarded location, while they approached ambiguous and rewarded locations similarly quickly. In contrast, the males approached all locations quickly. This sex difference is consistent with previous evidence that male rats are quicker than females to extinguish previously learned associations. Cognitive bias tasks could therefore be used to examine sex differences in learning strategies, as well as providing opportunities to test predictions about sex differences in welfare requirements.
KW - Affect
KW - Emotion
KW - Extinction
KW - Interpretation bias
KW - Ambiguous cue
U2 - 10.1016/j.beproc.2016.11.005
DO - 10.1016/j.beproc.2016.11.005
M3 - Article
SN - 0376-6357
VL - 133
SP - 52
EP - 55
JO - Behavioural Processes
JF - Behavioural Processes
ER -