SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination rates in pregnant women in Scotland

Sarah J  Stock; Jade  Carruthers; Clara  Calvert; Cheryl  Denny; Jack  Donaghy; Anna  Goulding; Lisa E M  Hopcroft; Leanne  Hopkins; Terry  McLaughlin; Jiafeng  Pan; Ting  Shi; Bob  Taylor; Utkarsh Agrawal; Bonnie  Auyeung; Srinivasa Vittal  Katikireddi; Colin McCowan; Josie  Murray; Colin R  Simpson; Chris  Robertson; Eleftheria  Vasileiou; Aziz  Sheikh; Rachael  Wood

doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01666-2

SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination rates in pregnant women in Scotland

Sarah J Stock^*
, Jade Carruthers
, Clara Calvert
, Cheryl Denny
, Jack Donaghy
, Anna Goulding
, Lisa E M Hopcroft
, Leanne Hopkins
, Terry McLaughlin
, Jiafeng Pan
, Ting Shi
, Bob Taylor
, Utkarsh Agrawal
, Bonnie Auyeung
, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
, Colin McCowan
, Josie Murray
, Colin R Simpson
, Chris Robertson
, Eleftheria Vasileiou

Aziz Sheikh, Rachael Wood

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Population-level data on COVID-19 vaccine uptake in pregnancy and SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes are lacking. We describe COVID-19 vaccine uptake and SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women in Scotland, using whole population data from a national, prospective cohort. Between the start of COVID-19 vaccine programme in Scotland, on 8 December 2020, and 31 October 2021, 25,917 COVID-19 vaccinations were given to 18,457 pregnant women. Vaccine coverage was substantially lower in pregnant women than in the general female population 18-44 years: 32.3% of women giving birth in October 2021 had two doses of vaccine compared to 77.4% in all women. The extended perinatal mortality rate for women who gave birth within 28 days of a COVID-19 diagnosis was 22.6 per 1,000 births (95% CI 12.9-38.5; pandemic background rate 5.6 per 1,000 births (452/80,456; 95% CI 5.1-6.2). 77.4% (3,833/ 4,950; 95% CI 76.2-78.6) of SARS-CoV-2 infections, 90.9% (748/823; 95% CI 88.7-92.7) of SARS-CoV-2 associated with hospital admission, and 98% (102/104; 95% CI 92.5-99.7) of SARS-CoV-2 associated with critical care admission, as well as all baby deaths, occurred in pregnant women who were unvaccinated at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. Addressing low vaccine uptake rates in pregnant women is imperative to protect the health of women and babies in the ongoing pandemic.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	504–512
Journal	Nature Medicine
Volume	28
Issue number	3
Early online date	13 Jan 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01666-2
Publication status	Published - Mar 2022

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

COVID-19

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Stock, S. J., Carruthers, J., Calvert, C., Denny, C., Donaghy, J., Goulding, A., Hopcroft, L. E. M., Hopkins, L., McLaughlin, T., Pan, J., Shi, T., Taylor, B., Agrawal, U., Auyeung, B., Katikireddi, S. V., McCowan, C., Murray , J., Simpson, C. R., Robertson, C., ... Wood, R. (2022). SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination rates in pregnant women in Scotland. Nature Medicine, 28(3), 504–512 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01666-2

@article{86189cad611f4080bd608549565b21bc,

title = "SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination rates in pregnant women in Scotland",

abstract = "Population-level data on COVID-19 vaccine uptake in pregnancy and SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes are lacking. We describe COVID-19 vaccine uptake and SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women in Scotland, using whole population data from a national, prospective cohort. Between the start of COVID-19 vaccine programme in Scotland, on 8 December 2020, and 31 October 2021, 25,917 COVID-19 vaccinations were given to 18,457 pregnant women. Vaccine coverage was substantially lower in pregnant women than in the general female population 18-44 years: 32.3\% of women giving birth in October 2021 had two doses of vaccine compared to 77.4\% in all women. The extended perinatal mortality rate for women who gave birth within 28 days of a COVID-19 diagnosis was 22.6 per 1,000 births (95\% CI 12.9-38.5; pandemic background rate 5.6 per 1,000 births (452/80,456; 95\% CI 5.1-6.2). 77.4\% (3,833/ 4,950; 95\% CI 76.2-78.6) of SARS-CoV-2 infections, 90.9\% (748/823; 95\% CI 88.7-92.7) of SARS-CoV-2 associated with hospital admission, and 98\% (102/104; 95\% CI 92.5-99.7) of SARS-CoV-2 associated with critical care admission, as well as all baby deaths, occurred in pregnant women who were unvaccinated at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. Addressing low vaccine uptake rates in pregnant women is imperative to protect the health of women and babies in the ongoing pandemic.",

keywords = "COVID-19",

author = "Stock, \{Sarah J\} and Jade Carruthers and Clara Calvert and Cheryl Denny and Jack Donaghy and Anna Goulding and Hopcroft, \{Lisa E M\} and Leanne Hopkins and Terry McLaughlin and Jiafeng Pan and Ting Shi and Bob Taylor and Utkarsh Agrawal and Bonnie Auyeung and Katikireddi, \{Srinivasa Vittal\} and Colin McCowan and Josie Murray and Simpson, \{Colin R\} and Chris Robertson and Eleftheria Vasileiou and Aziz Sheikh and Rachael Wood",

note = "Funding: COPS is a sub-study of EAVE II, which is funded by the Medical Research Council (MR/R008345/1) with the support of BREATHE - The Health Data Research Hub for Respiratory Health [MC\_PC\_19004; AS], which is funded through the UK Research and Innovation Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund and delivered through Health Data Research UK. Additional support has been provided through Public Health Scotland and Scottish Government DG Health and Social Care and the Data and Connectivity National Core Study, led by Health Data Research UK in partnership with the Office for National Statistics and funded by UK Research and Innovation. COPS has received additional funding from Tommy{\textquoteright}s charity and support from Sands charity. SJS is funded by a Wellcome Trust Clinical Career Development Fellowship (209560/Z/17/Z; SJS). SVK acknowledges funding from a NRS Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02; SVK), the Medical Research Council (MC\_UU\_00022/2; SVK) and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU17; SVK). ",

year = "2022",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1038/s41591-021-01666-2",

language = "English",

volume = "28",

pages = "504–512 ",

journal = "Nature Medicine",

issn = "1078-8956",

publisher = "Nature Research",

number = "3",

}

Stock, SJ, Carruthers, J, Calvert, C, Denny, C, Donaghy, J, Goulding, A, Hopcroft, LEM, Hopkins, L, McLaughlin, T, Pan, J, Shi, T, Taylor, B, Agrawal, U, Auyeung, B, Katikireddi, SV, McCowan, C , Murray , J, Simpson, CR, Robertson, C, Vasileiou, E, Sheikh, A & Wood, R 2022, 'SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination rates in pregnant women in Scotland', Nature Medicine, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 504–512 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01666-2

TY - JOUR

T1 - SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination rates in pregnant women in Scotland

AU - Stock, Sarah J

AU - Carruthers, Jade

AU - Calvert, Clara

AU - Denny, Cheryl

AU - Donaghy, Jack

AU - Goulding, Anna

AU - Hopcroft, Lisa E M

AU - Hopkins, Leanne

AU - McLaughlin, Terry

AU - Pan, Jiafeng

AU - Shi, Ting

AU - Taylor, Bob

AU - Agrawal, Utkarsh

AU - Auyeung, Bonnie

AU - Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal

AU - McCowan, Colin

AU - Murray , Josie

AU - Simpson, Colin R

AU - Robertson, Chris

AU - Vasileiou, Eleftheria

AU - Sheikh, Aziz

AU - Wood, Rachael

N1 - Funding: COPS is a sub-study of EAVE II, which is funded by the Medical Research Council (MR/R008345/1) with the support of BREATHE - The Health Data Research Hub for Respiratory Health [MC_PC_19004; AS], which is funded through the UK Research and Innovation Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund and delivered through Health Data Research UK. Additional support has been provided through Public Health Scotland and Scottish Government DG Health and Social Care and the Data and Connectivity National Core Study, led by Health Data Research UK in partnership with the Office for National Statistics and funded by UK Research and Innovation. COPS has received additional funding from Tommy’s charity and support from Sands charity. SJS is funded by a Wellcome Trust Clinical Career Development Fellowship (209560/Z/17/Z; SJS). SVK acknowledges funding from a NRS Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02; SVK), the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00022/2; SVK) and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU17; SVK).

PY - 2022/3

Y1 - 2022/3

N2 - Population-level data on COVID-19 vaccine uptake in pregnancy and SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes are lacking. We describe COVID-19 vaccine uptake and SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women in Scotland, using whole population data from a national, prospective cohort. Between the start of COVID-19 vaccine programme in Scotland, on 8 December 2020, and 31 October 2021, 25,917 COVID-19 vaccinations were given to 18,457 pregnant women. Vaccine coverage was substantially lower in pregnant women than in the general female population 18-44 years: 32.3% of women giving birth in October 2021 had two doses of vaccine compared to 77.4% in all women. The extended perinatal mortality rate for women who gave birth within 28 days of a COVID-19 diagnosis was 22.6 per 1,000 births (95% CI 12.9-38.5; pandemic background rate 5.6 per 1,000 births (452/80,456; 95% CI 5.1-6.2). 77.4% (3,833/ 4,950; 95% CI 76.2-78.6) of SARS-CoV-2 infections, 90.9% (748/823; 95% CI 88.7-92.7) of SARS-CoV-2 associated with hospital admission, and 98% (102/104; 95% CI 92.5-99.7) of SARS-CoV-2 associated with critical care admission, as well as all baby deaths, occurred in pregnant women who were unvaccinated at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. Addressing low vaccine uptake rates in pregnant women is imperative to protect the health of women and babies in the ongoing pandemic.

AB - Population-level data on COVID-19 vaccine uptake in pregnancy and SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes are lacking. We describe COVID-19 vaccine uptake and SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women in Scotland, using whole population data from a national, prospective cohort. Between the start of COVID-19 vaccine programme in Scotland, on 8 December 2020, and 31 October 2021, 25,917 COVID-19 vaccinations were given to 18,457 pregnant women. Vaccine coverage was substantially lower in pregnant women than in the general female population 18-44 years: 32.3% of women giving birth in October 2021 had two doses of vaccine compared to 77.4% in all women. The extended perinatal mortality rate for women who gave birth within 28 days of a COVID-19 diagnosis was 22.6 per 1,000 births (95% CI 12.9-38.5; pandemic background rate 5.6 per 1,000 births (452/80,456; 95% CI 5.1-6.2). 77.4% (3,833/ 4,950; 95% CI 76.2-78.6) of SARS-CoV-2 infections, 90.9% (748/823; 95% CI 88.7-92.7) of SARS-CoV-2 associated with hospital admission, and 98% (102/104; 95% CI 92.5-99.7) of SARS-CoV-2 associated with critical care admission, as well as all baby deaths, occurred in pregnant women who were unvaccinated at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. Addressing low vaccine uptake rates in pregnant women is imperative to protect the health of women and babies in the ongoing pandemic.

KW - COVID-19

U2 - 10.1038/s41591-021-01666-2

DO - 10.1038/s41591-021-01666-2

M3 - Article

SN - 1078-8956

VL - 28

SP - 504

EP - 512

JO - Nature Medicine

JF - Nature Medicine

IS - 3

ER -

SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination rates in pregnant women in Scotland

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