Revisiting activity theory within the internet of things

With the emergence of the Internet of Things, interactions between humans and machines and indeed amongst machines themselves can be better understood using Leontiev's activity theory. This theory has been relevant to Human-Computer Interaction research for some time, but this paper revisits the underlying concepts with a particular emphasis on the Internet of Things. Newer approaches may be more appropriate to represent complex activities within their wider context, as opposed to the traditional (and limited) view of mediated activities at an individual level.