Representational transformations: using maps to write essays

Adam Binks*, Alice Toniolo, Miguel Nacenta

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

4 Citations (Scopus)
27 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Essay-writing is a complex, cognitively demanding activity. Essay-writers must synthesise source texts and original ideas into a textual essay. Previous work found that writers produce better essays when they create effective intermediate representations. Diagrams, such as concept maps and argument maps, are particularly effective. However, there is insufficient knowledge about how people use these intermediate representations in their essay-writing workflow. Understanding these processes is critical to inform the design of tools to support workflows incorporating intermediate representations.

We present the findings of a study, in which 20 students planned and wrote essays. Participants used a tool that we developed, Write Reason, which combines a free-form mapping interface with an essay-writing interface. This let us observe the types of intermediate representations participants built, and crucially, the process of how they used and moved between them.

The key insight is that much of the important cognitive processing did not happen within a single representation, but instead in the processes that moved between multiple representations. We label these processes `representational transformations'. Our analysis characterises key properties of these transformations: cardinality, explicitness, and change in representation type. We also discuss research questions surfaced by the focus on transformations, and implications for tool designers.
Original languageEnglish
Article number102851
Number of pages20
JournalInternational Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Volume165
Early online date13 May 2022
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Sept 2022

Keywords

  • Argument mapping
  • Externalization
  • Multimedia
  • Argumentation
  • Representation
  • Translation
  • Transformation

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