Protocol for an interdisciplinary cross-sectional study investigating the social, biological and community-level drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR): Holistic Approach to Unravelling Antibiotic Resistance in East Africa (HATUA)

Benon B. Asiimwe; John Kiiru; Stephen E. Mshana; Stella Neema; Katherine Keenan; Mike Kesby; Joseph R. Mwanga; Derek J. Sloan; Blandina T. Mmbaga; V. Anne Smith; Stephen H. Gillespie; Andy G. Lynch; Alison Sandeman; John Stelling; Alison Elliott; David M. Aanensen; Gibson E. Kibiki; Wilber Sabiiti; Matthew T.G. Holden; HATUA Consortium

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041418

Protocol for an interdisciplinary cross-sectional study investigating the social, biological and community-level drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR): Holistic Approach to Unravelling Antibiotic Resistance in East Africa (HATUA)

Benon B. Asiimwe, John Kiiru, Stephen E. Mshana, Stella Neema, Katherine Keenan^*, Mike Kesby, Joseph R. Mwanga, Derek J. Sloan, Blandina T. Mmbaga, V. Anne Smith, Stephen H. Gillespie, Andy G. Lynch, Alison Sandeman, John Stelling, Alison Elliott, David M. Aanensen, Gibson E. Kibiki, Wilber Sabiiti, Matthew T.G. Holden, HATUA Consortium

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat that requires urgent research using a multidisciplinary approach. The biological drivers of AMR are well understood, but factors related to treatment seeking and the social contexts of antibiotic (AB) use behaviours are less understood. Here we describe the Holistic Approach to Unravel Antibacterial Resistance in East Africa, a multicentre consortium that investigates the diverse drivers of drug resistance in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in East Africa.

Methods and analysis This study will take place in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. We will conduct geospatial mapping of AB sellers, and conduct mystery client studies and in-depth interviews (IDIs) with drug sellers to investigate AB provision practices. In parallel, we will conduct IDIs with doctors, alongside community focus groups. Clinically diagnosed patients with UTI will be recruited from healthcare centres, provide urine samples and complete a questionnaire capturing retrospective treatment pathways, sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes and knowledge. Bacterial isolates from urine and stool samples will be subject to culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Genomic DNA from bacterial isolates will be extracted with a subset being sequenced. A follow-up household interview will be conducted with 1800 UTI-positive patients, where further environmental samples will be collected. A subsample of patients will be interviewed using qualitative tools. Questionnaire data, microbiological analysis and qualitative data will be linked at the individual level. Quantitative data will be analysed using statistical modelling, including Bayesian network analysis, and all forms of qualitative data analysed through iterative thematic content analysis.

Ethics and dissemination Approvals have been obtained from all national and local ethical review bodies in East Africa and the UK. Results will be disseminated in communities, with local and global policy stakeholders, and in academic circles. They will have great potential to inform policy, improve clinical practice and build regional pathogen surveillance capacity.

Original language	English
Article number	e041418
Number of pages	10
Journal	BMJ Open
Volume	11
Issue number	3
Early online date	8 Mar 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041418
Publication status	Published - Mar 2021

Keywords

Infection control
Microbiology
Public health
Social medicine
Urinary tract infections

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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1 Active
2 Finished

EDCTP TRIAD: EDCTP - TRIAD
Gillespie, S. H. (PI)
1/01/21 → 31/12/24
Project: Standard
Kesby/Keenan HATUA: Holistic Approach to Unravel Antibacterial resistance in East Africa (HATUA)
Kesby, M. (PI) & Keenan, K. L. (CoI)
Medical Research Council
1/05/18 → 31/03/22
Project: Standard
Prof M Holden MRC: Holistic approach to unravel antibacterial resistance in East Africa (HATUA)
Holden, M. (PI), Gillespie, S. H. (CoI), Keenan, K. L. (CoI), Kesby, M. (CoI), Lynch, A. (CoI), Sabiiti, W. (CoI), Sloan, D. J. (CoI) & Smith, V. A. (CoI)
Medical Research Council
1/05/18 → 30/04/21
Project: Standard

Cite this

Asiimwe, B. B., Kiiru, J., Mshana, S. E., Neema, S., Keenan, K., Kesby, M., Mwanga, J. R., Sloan, D. J., Mmbaga, B. T., Smith, V. A., Gillespie, S. H., Lynch, A. G., Sandeman, A., Stelling, J., Elliott, A., Aanensen, D. M., Kibiki, G. E., Sabiiti, W., Holden, M. T. G., & HATUA Consortium (2021). Protocol for an interdisciplinary cross-sectional study investigating the social, biological and community-level drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR): Holistic Approach to Unravelling Antibiotic Resistance in East Africa (HATUA). BMJ Open, 11(3), Article e041418. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041418

@article{1f3806405f614052b07c6d0ac6764d5d,

title = "Protocol for an interdisciplinary cross-sectional study investigating the social, biological and community-level drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR): Holistic Approach to Unravelling Antibiotic Resistance in East Africa (HATUA)",

abstract = "Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat that requires urgent research using a multidisciplinary approach. The biological drivers of AMR are well understood, but factors related to treatment seeking and the social contexts of antibiotic (AB) use behaviours are less understood. Here we describe the Holistic Approach to Unravel Antibacterial Resistance in East Africa, a multicentre consortium that investigates the diverse drivers of drug resistance in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in East Africa.Methods and analysis This study will take place in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. We will conduct geospatial mapping of AB sellers, and conduct mystery client studies and in-depth interviews (IDIs) with drug sellers to investigate AB provision practices. In parallel, we will conduct IDIs with doctors, alongside community focus groups. Clinically diagnosed patients with UTI will be recruited from healthcare centres, provide urine samples and complete a questionnaire capturing retrospective treatment pathways, sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes and knowledge. Bacterial isolates from urine and stool samples will be subject to culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Genomic DNA from bacterial isolates will be extracted with a subset being sequenced. A follow-up household interview will be conducted with 1800 UTI-positive patients, where further environmental samples will be collected. A subsample of patients will be interviewed using qualitative tools. Questionnaire data, microbiological analysis and qualitative data will be linked at the individual level. Quantitative data will be analysed using statistical modelling, including Bayesian network analysis, and all forms of qualitative data analysed through iterative thematic content analysis.Ethics and dissemination Approvals have been obtained from all national and local ethical review bodies in East Africa and the UK. Results will be disseminated in communities, with local and global policy stakeholders, and in academic circles. They will have great potential to inform policy, improve clinical practice and build regional pathogen surveillance capacity.",

keywords = "Infection control, Microbiology, Public health, Social medicine, Urinary tract infections",

author = "Asiimwe, {Benon B.} and John Kiiru and Mshana, {Stephen E.} and Stella Neema and Katherine Keenan and Mike Kesby and Mwanga, {Joseph R.} and Sloan, {Derek J.} and Mmbaga, {Blandina T.} and Smith, {V. Anne} and Gillespie, {Stephen H.} and Lynch, {Andy G.} and Alison Sandeman and John Stelling and Alison Elliott and Aanensen, {David M.} and Kibiki, {Gibson E.} and Wilber Sabiiti and Holden, {Matthew T.G.} and {HATUA Consortium}",

note = "The Holistic Approach to Unravel Antibacterial Resistance in East Africa is a 3-year Global Context Consortia Award (MR/S004785/1) funded by the National Institute for Health Research, Medical Research Council and the Department of Health and Social Care. The award is also part of the EDCTP2 programme supported by the European Union. This work is supported in part by the Makerere University-Uganda Virus Research Institute Centre of Excellence for Infection and Immunity Research and Training (MUII). MUII is supported through the DELTAS Africa Initiative (grant number 107743). The DELTAS Africa Initiative is an independent funding scheme of the African Academy of Sciences and Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa, and is supported by the New Partnership for Africa{\textquoteright}s Development Planning and Coordinating Agency with funding from the Wellcome Trust (grant number 107743) and the UK Government. This paper was funded in part by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (grant number U01CA207167).",

year = "2021",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041418",

language = "English",

volume = "11",

journal = "BMJ Open",

issn = "2044-6055",

publisher = "BMJ Publishing Group Ltd",

number = "3",

}

Asiimwe, BB, Kiiru, J, Mshana, SE, Neema, S, Keenan, K , Kesby, M, Mwanga, JR, Sloan, DJ, Mmbaga, BT, Smith, VA , Gillespie, SH , Lynch, AG , Sandeman, A, Stelling, J, Elliott, A, Aanensen, DM, Kibiki, GE, Sabiiti, W , Holden, MTG & HATUA Consortium 2021, 'Protocol for an interdisciplinary cross-sectional study investigating the social, biological and community-level drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR): Holistic Approach to Unravelling Antibiotic Resistance in East Africa (HATUA)', BMJ Open, vol. 11, no. 3, e041418. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041418

Protocol for an interdisciplinary cross-sectional study investigating the social, biological and community-level drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR): Holistic Approach to Unravelling Antibiotic Resistance in East Africa (HATUA). / Asiimwe, Benon B.; Kiiru, John; Mshana, Stephen E. et al.
In: BMJ Open, Vol. 11, No. 3, e041418, 03.2021.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Protocol for an interdisciplinary cross-sectional study investigating the social, biological and community-level drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

T2 - Holistic Approach to Unravelling Antibiotic Resistance in East Africa (HATUA)

AU - Asiimwe, Benon B.

AU - Kiiru, John

AU - Mshana, Stephen E.

AU - Neema, Stella

AU - Keenan, Katherine

AU - Kesby, Mike

AU - Mwanga, Joseph R.

AU - Sloan, Derek J.

AU - Mmbaga, Blandina T.

AU - Smith, V. Anne

AU - Gillespie, Stephen H.

AU - Lynch, Andy G.

AU - Sandeman, Alison

AU - Stelling, John

AU - Elliott, Alison

AU - Aanensen, David M.

AU - Kibiki, Gibson E.

AU - Sabiiti, Wilber

AU - Holden, Matthew T.G.

AU - HATUA Consortium

N1 - The Holistic Approach to Unravel Antibacterial Resistance in East Africa is a 3-year Global Context Consortia Award (MR/S004785/1) funded by the National Institute for Health Research, Medical Research Council and the Department of Health and Social Care. The award is also part of the EDCTP2 programme supported by the European Union. This work is supported in part by the Makerere University-Uganda Virus Research Institute Centre of Excellence for Infection and Immunity Research and Training (MUII). MUII is supported through the DELTAS Africa Initiative (grant number 107743). The DELTAS Africa Initiative is an independent funding scheme of the African Academy of Sciences and Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa, and is supported by the New Partnership for Africa’s Development Planning and Coordinating Agency with funding from the Wellcome Trust (grant number 107743) and the UK Government. This paper was funded in part by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (grant number U01CA207167).

PY - 2021/3

Y1 - 2021/3

N2 - Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat that requires urgent research using a multidisciplinary approach. The biological drivers of AMR are well understood, but factors related to treatment seeking and the social contexts of antibiotic (AB) use behaviours are less understood. Here we describe the Holistic Approach to Unravel Antibacterial Resistance in East Africa, a multicentre consortium that investigates the diverse drivers of drug resistance in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in East Africa.Methods and analysis This study will take place in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. We will conduct geospatial mapping of AB sellers, and conduct mystery client studies and in-depth interviews (IDIs) with drug sellers to investigate AB provision practices. In parallel, we will conduct IDIs with doctors, alongside community focus groups. Clinically diagnosed patients with UTI will be recruited from healthcare centres, provide urine samples and complete a questionnaire capturing retrospective treatment pathways, sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes and knowledge. Bacterial isolates from urine and stool samples will be subject to culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Genomic DNA from bacterial isolates will be extracted with a subset being sequenced. A follow-up household interview will be conducted with 1800 UTI-positive patients, where further environmental samples will be collected. A subsample of patients will be interviewed using qualitative tools. Questionnaire data, microbiological analysis and qualitative data will be linked at the individual level. Quantitative data will be analysed using statistical modelling, including Bayesian network analysis, and all forms of qualitative data analysed through iterative thematic content analysis.Ethics and dissemination Approvals have been obtained from all national and local ethical review bodies in East Africa and the UK. Results will be disseminated in communities, with local and global policy stakeholders, and in academic circles. They will have great potential to inform policy, improve clinical practice and build regional pathogen surveillance capacity.

AB - Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat that requires urgent research using a multidisciplinary approach. The biological drivers of AMR are well understood, but factors related to treatment seeking and the social contexts of antibiotic (AB) use behaviours are less understood. Here we describe the Holistic Approach to Unravel Antibacterial Resistance in East Africa, a multicentre consortium that investigates the diverse drivers of drug resistance in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in East Africa.Methods and analysis This study will take place in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. We will conduct geospatial mapping of AB sellers, and conduct mystery client studies and in-depth interviews (IDIs) with drug sellers to investigate AB provision practices. In parallel, we will conduct IDIs with doctors, alongside community focus groups. Clinically diagnosed patients with UTI will be recruited from healthcare centres, provide urine samples and complete a questionnaire capturing retrospective treatment pathways, sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes and knowledge. Bacterial isolates from urine and stool samples will be subject to culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Genomic DNA from bacterial isolates will be extracted with a subset being sequenced. A follow-up household interview will be conducted with 1800 UTI-positive patients, where further environmental samples will be collected. A subsample of patients will be interviewed using qualitative tools. Questionnaire data, microbiological analysis and qualitative data will be linked at the individual level. Quantitative data will be analysed using statistical modelling, including Bayesian network analysis, and all forms of qualitative data analysed through iterative thematic content analysis.Ethics and dissemination Approvals have been obtained from all national and local ethical review bodies in East Africa and the UK. Results will be disseminated in communities, with local and global policy stakeholders, and in academic circles. They will have great potential to inform policy, improve clinical practice and build regional pathogen surveillance capacity.

KW - Infection control

KW - Microbiology

KW - Public health

KW - Social medicine

KW - Urinary tract infections

U2 - 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041418

DO - 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041418

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85102243413

SN - 2044-6055

VL - 11

JO - BMJ Open

JF - BMJ Open

IS - 3

M1 - e041418

ER -

Asiimwe BB, Kiiru J, Mshana SE, Neema S, Keenan K , Kesby M et al. Protocol for an interdisciplinary cross-sectional study investigating the social, biological and community-level drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR): Holistic Approach to Unravelling Antibiotic Resistance in East Africa (HATUA). BMJ Open. 2021 Mar;11(3):e041418. Epub 2021 Mar 8. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041418

Protocol for an interdisciplinary cross-sectional study investigating the social, biological and community-level drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR): Holistic Approach to Unravelling Antibiotic Resistance in East Africa (HATUA)

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Projects

EDCTP TRIAD: EDCTP - TRIAD

Kesby/Keenan HATUA: Holistic Approach to Unravel Antibacterial resistance in East Africa (HATUA)

Prof M Holden MRC: Holistic approach to unravel antibacterial resistance in East Africa (HATUA)

Cite this