Ply, markedness and redundancy: new evidence for how Andean khipus encoded information

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Khipus are knotted-cord devices once used in the Andes for communication and recording information. Although numbers can be read on many khipus, it is unknown how other forms of data may have been recorded on the strings. Scholars currently debate whether elements of cord construction, such as the direction of ply, signified meaning on khipus and, if so, how. Testimony from an Aymara-speaking khipu maker, collected in 1895 by Max Uhle and recovered from Uhle's unpublished field notes, combined with the analysis of his actual khipu provides the first direct evidence that ply was a signifying element in khipus. Moreover, the evidence suggests that ply signified through a principle of markedness in which S ply corresponded to the unmarked (more valued) category while Z ply corresponded to the marked (less valued) category.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)643-648
JournalAmerican Anthropologist
Volume116
Issue number3
Early online date5 Aug 2014
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Sept 2014

Keywords

  • Andes
  • Writing systems
  • Khipus
  • Ethnohistory

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Ply, markedness and redundancy: new evidence for how Andean khipus encoded information'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this