Pilot study to investigate the effect of long-term exposure to high pCO2 on adult cod (Gadus morhua) otolith morphology and calcium carbonate deposition

Clara Coll-Lladó; Felix Mittermayer; Paul B. Webb; Nicola Allison; Catriona Clemmesen; Martina Stiasny; Christopher Bridges; Gwendolin Gottler; Daniel Garcia de la Serrana Castillo

doi:10.1007/s10695-021-01016-6

Pilot study to investigate the effect of long-term exposure to high pCO₂ on adult cod (Gadus morhua) otolith morphology and calcium carbonate deposition

Clara Coll-Lladó, Felix Mittermayer, Paul B. Webb, Nicola Allison, Catriona Clemmesen, Martina Stiasny, Christopher Bridges, Gwendolin Gottler, Daniel Garcia de la Serrana Castillo^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

To date the study of ocean acidification on fish otolith formation has been mainly focused on larval and juvenile stages. In the present pilot study, wild-captured adult Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were exposed to two different levels of pCO_2, 422µatm (ambient, low pCO₂) or 1091µatm (high pCO₂), for a period of 30 weeks (from mid-October to early April 2014–2015) in order to study the effects on otolith size, shape and CaCO₃ crystallization amongst other biological parameters. We found that otoliths from cod exposed to high pCO₂ were slightly smaller (− 3.4% in length; − 3.3% in perimeter), rounder (− 2.9% circularity and + 4% roundness) but heavier (+ 5%) than the low pCO₂ group. Interestingly, there were different effects in males and females; for instance, male cods exposed to high pCO₂ exhibited significant changes in circularity (− 3%) and roundness (+ 4%) compared to the low pCO₂ males, but without significant changes on otolith dimensions, while females exposed to high pCO₂ had smaller otoliths as shown for length (− 5.6%), width (− 2%), perimeter (− 3.5%) and area (− 4.8%). Furthermore, while the majority of the otoliths analysed showed normal aragonite deposition, 10% of fish exposed to 1091µatm of pCO₂ had an abnormal accretion of calcite, suggesting a shift on calcium carbonate polymorph crystallization in some individuals under high pCO₂ conditions. Our preliminary results indicate that high levels of pCO₂ in adult Atlantic cod might affect otolith growth in a gender-specific way. Our findings reveal that otoliths from adult cod are affected by ocean acidification, and we believe that the present study will prompt further research into this currently under-explored area

Original language	English
Number of pages	13
Journal	Fish Physiology and Biochemistry
Volume	First Online
Early online date	28 Sept 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-021-01016-6
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 28 Sept 2021

Keywords

Adult cod
Calcite
Gender
Ocean acidification
Otolith

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Coll-Lladó, C., Mittermayer, F., Webb, P. B., Allison, N., Clemmesen, C., Stiasny, M., Bridges, C., Gottler, G., & Garcia de la Serrana Castillo, D. (2021). Pilot study to investigate the effect of long-term exposure to high pCO₂ on adult cod (Gadus morhua) otolith morphology and calcium carbonate deposition. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, First Online. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-021-01016-6

@article{b11099828a914bcb90f38580284e60f1,

title = "Pilot study to investigate the effect of long-term exposure to high pCO2 on adult cod (Gadus morhua) otolith morphology and calcium carbonate deposition",

abstract = "To date the study of ocean acidification on fish otolith formation has been mainly focused on larval and juvenile stages. In the present pilot study, wild-captured adult Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were exposed to two different levels of pCO2, 422µatm (ambient, low pCO2) or 1091µatm (high pCO2), for a period of 30 weeks (from mid-October to early April 2014–2015) in order to study the effects on otolith size, shape and CaCO3 crystallization amongst other biological parameters. We found that otoliths from cod exposed to high pCO2 were slightly smaller (− 3.4% in length; − 3.3% in perimeter), rounder (− 2.9% circularity and + 4% roundness) but heavier (+ 5%) than the low pCO2 group. Interestingly, there were different effects in males and females; for instance, male cods exposed to high pCO2 exhibited significant changes in circularity (− 3%) and roundness (+ 4%) compared to the low pCO2 males, but without significant changes on otolith dimensions, while females exposed to high pCO2 had smaller otoliths as shown for length (− 5.6%), width (− 2%), perimeter (− 3.5%) and area (− 4.8%). Furthermore, while the majority of the otoliths analysed showed normal aragonite deposition, 10% of fish exposed to 1091µatm of pCO2 had an abnormal accretion of calcite, suggesting a shift on calcium carbonate polymorph crystallization in some individuals under high pCO2 conditions. Our preliminary results indicate that high levels of pCO2 in adult Atlantic cod might affect otolith growth in a gender-specific way. Our findings reveal that otoliths from adult cod are affected by ocean acidification, and we believe that the present study will prompt further research into this currently under-explored area",

keywords = "Adult cod, Calcite, Gender, Ocean acidification, Otolith",

author = "Clara Coll-Llad{\'o} and Felix Mittermayer and Webb, {Paul B.} and Nicola Allison and Catriona Clemmesen and Martina Stiasny and Christopher Bridges and Gwendolin Gottler and {Garcia de la Serrana Castillo}, Daniel",

note = "Funding was provided by the Bonus Baltic Sea research and development programme (Art 185) BIO-C3 project, funded jointly by the EU and the BMBF (Grant No. 03F0682A), BIOACID project (Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification: Grant No. 03F0655K) funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), and the EU AQUAEXCEL transnational access grant for aquaculture infrastructures. Part of the work was supported by the FINEAQUA-project (Grant Number 12212001) funded by the Program for the Future Economy (financed by the European Regional Development Fund, the Federal Republic of Germany and the state of Schleswig–Holstein), the Centre for Marine Aquaculture, Troms{\o}, and the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS) Small Grant initiative (SG330 and SG407), and their support especially by the staff of the centre for Marine Aquaculture is gratefully acknowledged. MASTS is funded by the Scottish Funding Council (grant reference HR09011) and contributing institutions. PBW would like to thank the Royal Society for the award of an Industry Fellowship. DGS is a Serra H{\'u}nter Tenure-Track lecturer. ",

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doi = "10.1007/s10695-021-01016-6",

language = "English",

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journal = "Fish Physiology and Biochemistry",

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Coll-Lladó, C, Mittermayer, F, Webb, PB , Allison, N, Clemmesen, C, Stiasny, M, Bridges, C, Gottler, G & Garcia de la Serrana Castillo, D 2021, 'Pilot study to investigate the effect of long-term exposure to high pCO₂ on adult cod (Gadus morhua) otolith morphology and calcium carbonate deposition', Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, vol. First Online. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-021-01016-6

TY - JOUR

T1 - Pilot study to investigate the effect of long-term exposure to high pCO2 on adult cod (Gadus morhua) otolith morphology and calcium carbonate deposition

AU - Coll-Lladó, Clara

AU - Mittermayer, Felix

AU - Webb, Paul B.

AU - Allison, Nicola

AU - Clemmesen, Catriona

AU - Stiasny, Martina

AU - Bridges, Christopher

AU - Gottler, Gwendolin

AU - Garcia de la Serrana Castillo, Daniel

N1 - Funding was provided by the Bonus Baltic Sea research and development programme (Art 185) BIO-C3 project, funded jointly by the EU and the BMBF (Grant No. 03F0682A), BIOACID project (Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification: Grant No. 03F0655K) funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), and the EU AQUAEXCEL transnational access grant for aquaculture infrastructures. Part of the work was supported by the FINEAQUA-project (Grant Number 12212001) funded by the Program for the Future Economy (financed by the European Regional Development Fund, the Federal Republic of Germany and the state of Schleswig–Holstein), the Centre for Marine Aquaculture, Tromsø, and the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS) Small Grant initiative (SG330 and SG407), and their support especially by the staff of the centre for Marine Aquaculture is gratefully acknowledged. MASTS is funded by the Scottish Funding Council (grant reference HR09011) and contributing institutions. PBW would like to thank the Royal Society for the award of an Industry Fellowship. DGS is a Serra Húnter Tenure-Track lecturer.

PY - 2021/9/28

Y1 - 2021/9/28

N2 - To date the study of ocean acidification on fish otolith formation has been mainly focused on larval and juvenile stages. In the present pilot study, wild-captured adult Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were exposed to two different levels of pCO2, 422µatm (ambient, low pCO2) or 1091µatm (high pCO2), for a period of 30 weeks (from mid-October to early April 2014–2015) in order to study the effects on otolith size, shape and CaCO3 crystallization amongst other biological parameters. We found that otoliths from cod exposed to high pCO2 were slightly smaller (− 3.4% in length; − 3.3% in perimeter), rounder (− 2.9% circularity and + 4% roundness) but heavier (+ 5%) than the low pCO2 group. Interestingly, there were different effects in males and females; for instance, male cods exposed to high pCO2 exhibited significant changes in circularity (− 3%) and roundness (+ 4%) compared to the low pCO2 males, but without significant changes on otolith dimensions, while females exposed to high pCO2 had smaller otoliths as shown for length (− 5.6%), width (− 2%), perimeter (− 3.5%) and area (− 4.8%). Furthermore, while the majority of the otoliths analysed showed normal aragonite deposition, 10% of fish exposed to 1091µatm of pCO2 had an abnormal accretion of calcite, suggesting a shift on calcium carbonate polymorph crystallization in some individuals under high pCO2 conditions. Our preliminary results indicate that high levels of pCO2 in adult Atlantic cod might affect otolith growth in a gender-specific way. Our findings reveal that otoliths from adult cod are affected by ocean acidification, and we believe that the present study will prompt further research into this currently under-explored area

AB - To date the study of ocean acidification on fish otolith formation has been mainly focused on larval and juvenile stages. In the present pilot study, wild-captured adult Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were exposed to two different levels of pCO2, 422µatm (ambient, low pCO2) or 1091µatm (high pCO2), for a period of 30 weeks (from mid-October to early April 2014–2015) in order to study the effects on otolith size, shape and CaCO3 crystallization amongst other biological parameters. We found that otoliths from cod exposed to high pCO2 were slightly smaller (− 3.4% in length; − 3.3% in perimeter), rounder (− 2.9% circularity and + 4% roundness) but heavier (+ 5%) than the low pCO2 group. Interestingly, there were different effects in males and females; for instance, male cods exposed to high pCO2 exhibited significant changes in circularity (− 3%) and roundness (+ 4%) compared to the low pCO2 males, but without significant changes on otolith dimensions, while females exposed to high pCO2 had smaller otoliths as shown for length (− 5.6%), width (− 2%), perimeter (− 3.5%) and area (− 4.8%). Furthermore, while the majority of the otoliths analysed showed normal aragonite deposition, 10% of fish exposed to 1091µatm of pCO2 had an abnormal accretion of calcite, suggesting a shift on calcium carbonate polymorph crystallization in some individuals under high pCO2 conditions. Our preliminary results indicate that high levels of pCO2 in adult Atlantic cod might affect otolith growth in a gender-specific way. Our findings reveal that otoliths from adult cod are affected by ocean acidification, and we believe that the present study will prompt further research into this currently under-explored area

KW - Adult cod

KW - Calcite

KW - Gender

KW - Ocean acidification

KW - Otolith

UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10695-021-01016-6#Sec15

U2 - 10.1007/s10695-021-01016-6

DO - 10.1007/s10695-021-01016-6

M3 - Article

C2 - 34585317

SN - 0920-1742

VL - First Online

JO - Fish Physiology and Biochemistry

JF - Fish Physiology and Biochemistry

ER -

Pilot study to investigate the effect of long-term exposure to high pCO₂ on adult cod (Gadus morhua) otolith morphology and calcium carbonate deposition

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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Industry Fellowship: Industry Fellowship

Cite this

Pilot study to investigate the effect of long-term exposure to high pCO2 on adult cod (Gadus morhua) otolith morphology and calcium carbonate deposition

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Projects

Industry Fellowship: Industry Fellowship

Cite this

Pilot study to investigate the effect of long-term exposure to high pCO₂ on adult cod (Gadus morhua) otolith morphology and calcium carbonate deposition