@article{7b70f1c62893453fae080294d1c4d8cc,
title = "PHANGS-JWST first results: tracing the diffuse ISM with JWST imaging of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission in nearby galaxies",
abstract = "JWST observations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission provide some of the deepest and highest resolution views of the cold interstellar medium (ISM) in nearby galaxies. If PAHs are well mixed with the atomic and molecular gas and illuminated by the average diffuse interstellar radiation field, PAH emission may provide an approximately linear, high-resolution, high-sensitivity tracer of diffuse gas surface density. We present a pilot study that explores using PAH emission in this way based on Mid-Infrared Instrument observations of IC 5332, NGC 628, NGC 1365, and NGC 7496 from the Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby GalaxieS-JWST Treasury. Using scaling relationships calibrated in Leroy et al., scaled F1130W provides 10–40 pc resolution and 3σ sensitivity of Σgas ∼ 2 M⊙ pc−2. We characterize the surface densities of structures seen at <7 M⊙ pc−2 in our targets, where we expect the gas to be H i-dominated. We highlight the existence of filaments, interarm emission, and holes in the diffuse ISM at these low surface densities. Below ∼10 M⊙ pc−2 for NGC 628, NGC 1365, and NGC 7496 the gas distribution shows a {"}Swiss cheese{"}-like topology due to holes and bubbles pervading the relatively smooth distribution of the diffuse ISM. Comparing to recent galaxy simulations, we observe similar topology for the low-surface-density gas, though with notable variations between simulations with different setups and resolution. Such a comparison of high-resolution, low-surface-density gas with simulations is not possible with existing atomic and molecular gas maps, highlighting the unique power of JWST maps of PAH emission.",
author = "Sandstrom, {Karin M.} and Koch, {Eric W.} and Leroy, {Adam K.} and Erik Rosolowsky and Eric Emsellem and Smith, {Rowan J.} and Egorov, {Oleg V.} and Williams, {Thomas G.} and Larson, {Kirsten L.} and Lee, {Janice C.} and Eva Schinnerer and Thilker, {David A.} and Barnes, {Ashley T.} and Francesco Belfiore and F. Bigiel and Blanc, {Guillermo A.} and Bolatto, {Alberto D.} and M{\'e}d{\'e}ric Boquien and Yixian Cao and J{\'e}r{\'e}my Chastenet and M{\'e}lanie Chevance and I-Da Chiang and Dale, {Daniel A.} and Faesi, {Christopher M.} and Glover, {Simon C. O.} and Kathryn Grasha and Brent Groves and Hamid Hassani and Henshaw, {Jonathan D.} and Annie Hughes and Jaeyeon Kim and Klessen, {Ralf S.} and Kathryn Kreckel and Kruijssen, {J. M. Diederik} and Lopez, {Laura A.} and Daizhong Liu and Meidt, {Sharon E.} and Murphy, {Eric J.} and Hsi-An Pan and Miguel Querejeta and Toshiki Saito and Amy Sardone and Sormani, {Mattia C.} and Jessica Sutter and Antonio Usero and Watkins, {Elizabeth J.}",
note = "Funding: J.M.D.K. gratefully acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program via the ERC Starting Grant MUSTANG (grant agreement No. 714907). T.G.W. and E.S. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 694343). F.B. would like to acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 726384/Empire). R.S.K. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council via the ERC Synergy Grant “ECOGAL” (project ID 855130).",
year = "2023",
month = feb,
day = "20",
doi = "10.3847/2041-8213/aca972",
language = "English",
volume = "944",
journal = "Astrophysical Journal Letters",
issn = "2041-8205",
publisher = "American Astronomical Society",
number = "2",
}