PHANGS-JWST First Results: multi-wavelength view of feedback-driven bubbles (The Phantom Voids) across NGC 628

Ashley T. Barnes; Elizabeth J. Watkins; Sharon E. Meidt; Kathryn Kreckel; Mattia C. Sormani; Robin G. Tress; Simon C. O. Glover; Frank Bigiel; Rupali Chandar; Eric Emsellem; Janice C. Lee; Adam K. Leroy; Karin M. Sandstrom; Eva Schinnerer; Erik W. Rosolowsky; Francesco Belfiore; Guillermo Blanc; Mederic Boquien; Jakob S. den Brok; Yixian Cao; Mélanie Chevance; Daniel A. Dale; Oleg Egorov; Cosima Eibensteiner; Kathryn Grasha; Brent Groves; Hamid Hassani; Jonathan Henshaw; Sarah Jeffreson; Maria Jesus Jimenez-Donaire; Benjamin W. Keller; Ralf S. Klessen; Eric W. Koch; J. M. Diederik Kruijssen; Kirsten L. Larson; Jing Li; Daizhong Liu; Laura A. Lopez; Eric J. Murphy; Lukas Neumann; Jerome Pety; Francesca Pinna; Miguel Querejeta; Florent Renaud; Toshiki Saito; Sumit Sarbadhicary; Amy Sardone; Rowan J. Smith; Sophia K. Stuber; Jiayi Sun; David A. Thilker; Antonio Usero; Bradley C. Whitmore; Thomas G. Williams

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aca7b9

PHANGS-JWST First Results: multi-wavelength view of feedback-driven bubbles (The Phantom Voids) across NGC 628

Ashley T. Barnes, Elizabeth J. Watkins, Sharon E. Meidt, Kathryn Kreckel, Mattia C. Sormani, Robin G. Tress, Simon C. O. Glover, Frank Bigiel, Rupali Chandar, Eric Emsellem, Janice C. Lee, Adam K. Leroy, Karin M. Sandstrom, Eva Schinnerer, Erik W. Rosolowsky, Francesco Belfiore, Guillermo Blanc, Mederic Boquien, Jakob S. den Brok, Yixian CaoMélanie Chevance, Daniel A. Dale, Oleg Egorov, Cosima Eibensteiner, Kathryn Grasha, Brent Groves, Hamid Hassani, Jonathan Henshaw, Sarah Jeffreson, Maria Jesus Jimenez-Donaire, Benjamin W. Keller, Ralf S. Klessen, Eric W. Koch, J. M. Diederik Kruijssen, Kirsten L. Larson, Jing Li, Daizhong Liu, Laura A. Lopez, Eric J. Murphy, Lukas Neumann, Jerome Pety, Francesca Pinna, Miguel Querejeta, Florent Renaud, Toshiki Saito, Sumit Sarbadhicary, Amy Sardone, Rowan J. Smith, Sophia K. Stuber, Jiayi Sun, David A. Thilker, Antonio Usero, Bradley C. Whitmore, Thomas G. Williams

School of Physics and Astronomy

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Abstract

We present a high-resolution view of bubbles within the Phantom Galaxy (NGC 628), a nearby (∼10 Mpc), star-forming (∼2 M⊙ yr⁻¹), face-on (i ∼ 9°) grand-design spiral galaxy. With new data obtained as part of the Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby GalaxieS (PHANGS)-JWST treasury program, we perform a detailed case study of two regions of interest, one of which contains the largest and most prominent bubble in the galaxy (the Phantom Void, over 1 kpc in diameter), and the other being a smaller region that may be the precursor to such a large bubble (the Precursor Phantom Void). When comparing to matched-resolution Hα observations from the Hubble Space Telescope, we see that the ionized gas is brightest in the shells of both bubbles, and is coincident with the youngest (∼1 Myr) and most massive (∼105 M⊙) stellar associations. We also find an older generation (∼20 Myr) of stellar associations is present within the bubble of the Phantom Void. From our kinematic analysis of the H I, H₂ (CO), and H ii gas across the Phantom Void, we infer a high expansion speed of around 15 to 50 km s⁻¹. The large size and high expansion speed of the Phantom Void suggest that the driving mechanism is sustained stellar feedback due to multiple mechanisms, where early feedback first cleared a bubble (as we observe now in the Precursor Phantom Void), and since then supernovae have been exploding within the cavity and have accelerated the shell. Finally, comparison to simulations shows a striking resemblance to our JWST observations, and suggests that such large-scale, stellar-feedback-driven bubbles should be common within other galaxies.

Original language	English
Article number	L22
Number of pages	13
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	944
Issue number	2
Early online date	16 Feb 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aca7b9
Publication status	Published - 20 Feb 2023

Keywords

Superbubbles
Stellar feedback
Interstellar medium
Infrared astronomy

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Copyright © 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/2212.00812Licence: CC BY

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Barnes, A. T., Watkins, E. J., Meidt, S. E., Kreckel, K., Sormani, M. C., Tress, R. G., Glover, S. C. O., Bigiel, F., Chandar, R., Emsellem, E., Lee, J. C., Leroy, A. K., Sandstrom, K. M., Schinnerer, E., Rosolowsky, E. W., Belfiore, F., Blanc, G., Boquien, M., Brok, J. S. D., ... Williams, T. G. (2023). PHANGS-JWST First Results: multi-wavelength view of feedback-driven bubbles (The Phantom Voids) across NGC 628. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 944(2), Article L22. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aca7b9

@article{0a30060051604c09af4a24fa2c857db0,

title = "PHANGS-JWST First Results: multi-wavelength view of feedback-driven bubbles (The Phantom Voids) across NGC 628",

abstract = "We present a high-resolution view of bubbles within the Phantom Galaxy (NGC 628), a nearby (∼10 Mpc), star-forming (∼2 M⊙ yr−1), face-on (i ∼ 9°) grand-design spiral galaxy. With new data obtained as part of the Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby GalaxieS (PHANGS)-JWST treasury program, we perform a detailed case study of two regions of interest, one of which contains the largest and most prominent bubble in the galaxy (the Phantom Void, over 1 kpc in diameter), and the other being a smaller region that may be the precursor to such a large bubble (the Precursor Phantom Void). When comparing to matched-resolution Hα observations from the Hubble Space Telescope, we see that the ionized gas is brightest in the shells of both bubbles, and is coincident with the youngest (∼1 Myr) and most massive (∼105 M⊙) stellar associations. We also find an older generation (∼20 Myr) of stellar associations is present within the bubble of the Phantom Void. From our kinematic analysis of the H I, H2 (CO), and H ii gas across the Phantom Void, we infer a high expansion speed of around 15 to 50 km s−1. The large size and high expansion speed of the Phantom Void suggest that the driving mechanism is sustained stellar feedback due to multiple mechanisms, where early feedback first cleared a bubble (as we observe now in the Precursor Phantom Void), and since then supernovae have been exploding within the cavity and have accelerated the shell. Finally, comparison to simulations shows a striking resemblance to our JWST observations, and suggests that such large-scale, stellar-feedback-driven bubbles should be common within other galaxies.",

keywords = "Superbubbles, Stellar feedback, Interstellar medium, Infrared astronomy",

author = "Barnes, {Ashley T.} and Watkins, {Elizabeth J.} and Meidt, {Sharon E.} and Kathryn Kreckel and Sormani, {Mattia C.} and Tress, {Robin G.} and Glover, {Simon C. O.} and Frank Bigiel and Rupali Chandar and Eric Emsellem and Lee, {Janice C.} and Leroy, {Adam K.} and Sandstrom, {Karin M.} and Eva Schinnerer and Rosolowsky, {Erik W.} and Francesco Belfiore and Guillermo Blanc and Mederic Boquien and Brok, {Jakob S. den} and Yixian Cao and M{\'e}lanie Chevance and Dale, {Daniel A.} and Oleg Egorov and Cosima Eibensteiner and Kathryn Grasha and Brent Groves and Hamid Hassani and Jonathan Henshaw and Sarah Jeffreson and Jimenez-Donaire, {Maria Jesus} and Keller, {Benjamin W.} and Klessen, {Ralf S.} and Koch, {Eric W.} and Kruijssen, {J. M. Diederik} and Larson, {Kirsten L.} and Jing Li and Daizhong Liu and Lopez, {Laura A.} and Murphy, {Eric J.} and Lukas Neumann and Jerome Pety and Francesca Pinna and Miguel Querejeta and Florent Renaud and Toshiki Saito and Sumit Sarbadhicary and Amy Sardone and Smith, {Rowan J.} and Stuber, {Sophia K.} and Jiayi Sun and Thilker, {David A.} and Antonio Usero and Whitmore, {Bradley C.} and Williams, {Thomas G.}",

note = "Funding: A.T.B. and F.B. would like to acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unionʼs Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 726384/Empire). J.M.D.K. gratefully acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unionʼs Horizon 2020 research and innovation program via the ERC Starting Grant MUSTANG (grant No. 714907). R.S.K. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council via the ERC Synergy Grant “ECOGAL” (project ID 855130). T.G.W. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unionʼs Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant No. 694343).",

year = "2023",

month = feb,

day = "20",

doi = "10.3847/2041-8213/aca7b9",

language = "English",

volume = "944",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal Letters",

issn = "2041-8205",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "2",

}

Barnes, AT, Watkins, EJ, Meidt, SE, Kreckel, K, Sormani, MC, Tress, RG, Glover, SCO, Bigiel, F, Chandar, R, Emsellem, E, Lee, JC, Leroy, AK, Sandstrom, KM, Schinnerer, E, Rosolowsky, EW, Belfiore, F, Blanc, G, Boquien, M, Brok, JSD, Cao, Y, Chevance, M, Dale, DA, Egorov, O, Eibensteiner, C, Grasha, K, Groves, B, Hassani, H, Henshaw, J, Jeffreson, S, Jimenez-Donaire, MJ, Keller, BW, Klessen, RS, Koch, EW, Kruijssen, JMD, Larson, KL, Li, J, Liu, D, Lopez, LA, Murphy, EJ, Neumann, L, Pety, J, Pinna, F, Querejeta, M, Renaud, F, Saito, T, Sarbadhicary, S, Sardone, A, Smith, RJ, Stuber, SK, Sun, J, Thilker, DA, Usero, A, Whitmore, BC & Williams, TG 2023, 'PHANGS-JWST First Results: multi-wavelength view of feedback-driven bubbles (The Phantom Voids) across NGC 628', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 944, no. 2, L22. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aca7b9

TY - JOUR

T1 - PHANGS-JWST First Results

T2 - multi-wavelength view of feedback-driven bubbles (The Phantom Voids) across NGC 628

AU - Barnes, Ashley T.

AU - Watkins, Elizabeth J.

AU - Meidt, Sharon E.

AU - Kreckel, Kathryn

AU - Sormani, Mattia C.

AU - Tress, Robin G.

AU - Glover, Simon C. O.

AU - Bigiel, Frank

AU - Chandar, Rupali

AU - Emsellem, Eric

AU - Lee, Janice C.

AU - Leroy, Adam K.

AU - Sandstrom, Karin M.

AU - Schinnerer, Eva

AU - Rosolowsky, Erik W.

AU - Belfiore, Francesco

AU - Blanc, Guillermo

AU - Boquien, Mederic

AU - Brok, Jakob S. den

AU - Cao, Yixian

AU - Chevance, Mélanie

AU - Dale, Daniel A.

AU - Egorov, Oleg

AU - Eibensteiner, Cosima

AU - Grasha, Kathryn

AU - Groves, Brent

AU - Hassani, Hamid

AU - Henshaw, Jonathan

AU - Jeffreson, Sarah

AU - Jimenez-Donaire, Maria Jesus

AU - Keller, Benjamin W.

AU - Klessen, Ralf S.

AU - Koch, Eric W.

AU - Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik

AU - Larson, Kirsten L.

AU - Li, Jing

AU - Liu, Daizhong

AU - Lopez, Laura A.

AU - Murphy, Eric J.

AU - Neumann, Lukas

AU - Pety, Jerome

AU - Pinna, Francesca

AU - Querejeta, Miguel

AU - Renaud, Florent

AU - Saito, Toshiki

AU - Sarbadhicary, Sumit

AU - Sardone, Amy

AU - Smith, Rowan J.

AU - Stuber, Sophia K.

AU - Sun, Jiayi

AU - Thilker, David A.

AU - Usero, Antonio

AU - Whitmore, Bradley C.

AU - Williams, Thomas G.

N1 - Funding: A.T.B. and F.B. would like to acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unionʼs Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 726384/Empire). J.M.D.K. gratefully acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unionʼs Horizon 2020 research and innovation program via the ERC Starting Grant MUSTANG (grant No. 714907). R.S.K. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council via the ERC Synergy Grant “ECOGAL” (project ID 855130). T.G.W. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unionʼs Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant No. 694343).

PY - 2023/2/20

Y1 - 2023/2/20

N2 - We present a high-resolution view of bubbles within the Phantom Galaxy (NGC 628), a nearby (∼10 Mpc), star-forming (∼2 M⊙ yr−1), face-on (i ∼ 9°) grand-design spiral galaxy. With new data obtained as part of the Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby GalaxieS (PHANGS)-JWST treasury program, we perform a detailed case study of two regions of interest, one of which contains the largest and most prominent bubble in the galaxy (the Phantom Void, over 1 kpc in diameter), and the other being a smaller region that may be the precursor to such a large bubble (the Precursor Phantom Void). When comparing to matched-resolution Hα observations from the Hubble Space Telescope, we see that the ionized gas is brightest in the shells of both bubbles, and is coincident with the youngest (∼1 Myr) and most massive (∼105 M⊙) stellar associations. We also find an older generation (∼20 Myr) of stellar associations is present within the bubble of the Phantom Void. From our kinematic analysis of the H I, H2 (CO), and H ii gas across the Phantom Void, we infer a high expansion speed of around 15 to 50 km s−1. The large size and high expansion speed of the Phantom Void suggest that the driving mechanism is sustained stellar feedback due to multiple mechanisms, where early feedback first cleared a bubble (as we observe now in the Precursor Phantom Void), and since then supernovae have been exploding within the cavity and have accelerated the shell. Finally, comparison to simulations shows a striking resemblance to our JWST observations, and suggests that such large-scale, stellar-feedback-driven bubbles should be common within other galaxies.

AB - We present a high-resolution view of bubbles within the Phantom Galaxy (NGC 628), a nearby (∼10 Mpc), star-forming (∼2 M⊙ yr−1), face-on (i ∼ 9°) grand-design spiral galaxy. With new data obtained as part of the Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby GalaxieS (PHANGS)-JWST treasury program, we perform a detailed case study of two regions of interest, one of which contains the largest and most prominent bubble in the galaxy (the Phantom Void, over 1 kpc in diameter), and the other being a smaller region that may be the precursor to such a large bubble (the Precursor Phantom Void). When comparing to matched-resolution Hα observations from the Hubble Space Telescope, we see that the ionized gas is brightest in the shells of both bubbles, and is coincident with the youngest (∼1 Myr) and most massive (∼105 M⊙) stellar associations. We also find an older generation (∼20 Myr) of stellar associations is present within the bubble of the Phantom Void. From our kinematic analysis of the H I, H2 (CO), and H ii gas across the Phantom Void, we infer a high expansion speed of around 15 to 50 km s−1. The large size and high expansion speed of the Phantom Void suggest that the driving mechanism is sustained stellar feedback due to multiple mechanisms, where early feedback first cleared a bubble (as we observe now in the Precursor Phantom Void), and since then supernovae have been exploding within the cavity and have accelerated the shell. Finally, comparison to simulations shows a striking resemblance to our JWST observations, and suggests that such large-scale, stellar-feedback-driven bubbles should be common within other galaxies.

KW - Superbubbles

KW - Stellar feedback

KW - Interstellar medium

KW - Infrared astronomy

U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/aca7b9

DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/aca7b9

M3 - Article

SN - 2041-8205

VL - 944

JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters

JF - Astrophysical Journal Letters

IS - 2

M1 - L22

ER -

PHANGS-JWST First Results: multi-wavelength view of feedback-driven bubbles (The Phantom Voids) across NGC 628

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