Pathway to the Galactic distribution of planets: combined Spitzer and ground-based microlens parallax measurements of 21 single-lens events

S. Calchi Novati; A. Gould; A. Udalski; J. W. Menzies; I. A. Bond; Y. Shvartzvald; R. A. Street; M. Hundertmark; C. A. Beichman; J. C. Yee; S. Carey; R. Poleski; J. Skowron; S. Kozłowski; P. Mróz; P. Pietrukowicz; G. Pietrzyński; M. K. Szymański; I. Soszyński; K. Ulaczyk; Ł. Wyrzykowski; M. Albrow; J. P. Beaulieu; J. A. R. Caldwell; A. Cassan; C. Coutures; C. Danielski; D. Dominis Prester; J. Donatowicz; K. Lončarić; A. McDougall; J. C. Morales; C. Ranc; W. Zhu; F. Abe; R. K. Barry; D. P. Bennett; A. Bhattacharya; D. Fukunaga; K. Inayama; N. Koshimoto; S. Namba; T. Sumi; D. Suzuki; P. J. Tristram; Y. Wakiyama; A. Yonehara; D. Maoz; S. Kaspi; M. Friedmann; E. Bachelet; R. Figuera Jaimes; D. M. Bramich; Y. Tsapras; K. Horne; C. Snodgrass; J. Wambsganss; I. A. Steele; N. Kains; V. Bozza; M. Dominik; U. G. Jørgensen; K. A. Alsubai; S. Ciceri; G. D’Ago; T. Haugbølle; F. V. Hessman; T. C. Hinse; D. Juncher; H. Korhonen; L. Mancini; A. Popovas; M. Rabus; S. Rahvar; G. Scarpetta; R. W. Schmidt; J. Skottfelt; J. Southworth; David Starkey; J. Surdej; O. Wertz; M. Zarucki; B. S. Gaudi; R. W. Pogge; D. L. DePoy

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/20

Pathway to the Galactic distribution of planets: combined Spitzer and ground-based microlens parallax measurements of 21 single-lens events

S. Calchi Novati, A. Gould, A. Udalski, J. W. Menzies, I. A. Bond, Y. Shvartzvald, R. A. Street, M. Hundertmark, C. A. Beichman, J. C. Yee, S. Carey, R. Poleski, J. Skowron, S. Kozłowski, P. Mróz, P. Pietrukowicz, G. Pietrzyński, M. K. Szymański, I. Soszyński, K. UlaczykŁ. Wyrzykowski, M. Albrow, J. P. Beaulieu, J. A. R. Caldwell, A. Cassan, C. Coutures, C. Danielski, D. Dominis Prester, J. Donatowicz, K. Lončarić, A. McDougall, J. C. Morales, C. Ranc, W. Zhu, F. Abe, R. K. Barry, D. P. Bennett, A. Bhattacharya, D. Fukunaga, K. Inayama, N. Koshimoto, S. Namba, T. Sumi, D. Suzuki, P. J. Tristram, Y. Wakiyama, A. Yonehara, D. Maoz, S. Kaspi, M. Friedmann, E. Bachelet, R. Figuera Jaimes, D. M. Bramich, Y. Tsapras, K. Horne, C. Snodgrass, J. Wambsganss, I. A. Steele, N. Kains, V. Bozza, M. Dominik, U. G. Jørgensen, K. A. Alsubai, S. Ciceri, G. D’Ago, T. Haugbølle, F. V. Hessman, T. C. Hinse, D. Juncher, H. Korhonen, L. Mancini, A. Popovas, M. Rabus, S. Rahvar, G. Scarpetta, R. W. Schmidt, J. Skottfelt, J. Southworth, David Starkey, J. Surdej, O. Wertz, M. Zarucki, B. S. Gaudi, R. W. Pogge, D. L. DePoy

School of Physics and Astronomy

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Abstract

We present microlens parallax measurements for 21 (apparently) isolated lenses observed toward the Galactic bulge that were imaged simultaneously from Earth and Spitzer, which was ~1 AU west of Earth in projection. We combine these measurements with a kinematic model of the Galaxy to derive distance estimates for each lens, with error bars that are small compared to the Sun's galactocentric distance. The ensemble therefore yields a well-defined cumulative distribution of lens distances. In principle, it is possible to compare this distribution against a set of planets detected in the same experiment in order to measure the Galactic distribution of planets. Since these Spitzer observations yielded only one planet, this is not yet possible in practice. However, it will become possible as larger samples are accumulated.

Original language	English
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	804
Issue number	1
Early online date	24 Apr 2015
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/20
Publication status	Published - 1 May 2015

Keywords

Gravitational lensing: micro
Planetary systems
Planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability

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10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/20

Dominik_2015_TAJ_Pathway_AM
© 2015. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
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Calchi Novati, S., Gould, A., Udalski, A., Menzies, J. W., Bond, I. A., Shvartzvald, Y., Street, R. A., Hundertmark, M., Beichman, C. A., Yee, J. C., Carey, S., Poleski, R., Skowron, J., Kozłowski, S., Mróz, P., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzyński, G., Szymański, M. K., Soszyński, I., ... DePoy, D. L. (2015). Pathway to the Galactic distribution of planets: combined Spitzer and ground-based microlens parallax measurements of 21 single-lens events. Astrophysical Journal, 804(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/20

@article{fda2df119e394dab88a0b63110f3bcad,

title = "Pathway to the Galactic distribution of planets: combined Spitzer and ground-based microlens parallax measurements of 21 single-lens events",

abstract = "We present microlens parallax measurements for 21 (apparently) isolated lenses observed toward the Galactic bulge that were imaged simultaneously from Earth and Spitzer, which was ~1 AU west of Earth in projection. We combine these measurements with a kinematic model of the Galaxy to derive distance estimates for each lens, with error bars that are small compared to the Sun's galactocentric distance. The ensemble therefore yields a well-defined cumulative distribution of lens distances. In principle, it is possible to compare this distribution against a set of planets detected in the same experiment in order to measure the Galactic distribution of planets. Since these Spitzer observations yielded only one planet, this is not yet possible in practice. However, it will become possible as larger samples are accumulated.",

keywords = "Gravitational lensing: micro, Planetary systems, Planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability",

author = "{Calchi Novati}, S. and A. Gould and A. Udalski and Menzies, {J. W.} and Bond, {I. A.} and Y. Shvartzvald and Street, {R. A.} and M. Hundertmark and Beichman, {C. A.} and Yee, {J. C.} and S. Carey and R. Poleski and J. Skowron and S. Koz{\l}owski and P. Mr{\'o}z and P. Pietrukowicz and G. Pietrzy{\'n}ski and Szyma{\'n}ski, {M. K.} and I. Soszy{\'n}ski and K. Ulaczyk and {\L}. Wyrzykowski and M. Albrow and Beaulieu, {J. P.} and Caldwell, {J. A. R.} and A. Cassan and C. Coutures and C. Danielski and {Dominis Prester}, D. and J. Donatowicz and K. Lon{\v c}ari{\'c} and A. McDougall and Morales, {J. C.} and C. Ranc and W. Zhu and F. Abe and Barry, {R. K.} and Bennett, {D. P.} and A. Bhattacharya and D. Fukunaga and K. Inayama and N. Koshimoto and S. Namba and T. Sumi and D. Suzuki and Tristram, {P. J.} and Y. Wakiyama and A. Yonehara and D. Maoz and S. Kaspi and M. Friedmann and E. Bachelet and {Figuera Jaimes}, R. and Bramich, {D. M.} and Y. Tsapras and K. Horne and C. Snodgrass and J. Wambsganss and Steele, {I. A.} and N. Kains and V. Bozza and M. Dominik and J{\o}rgensen, {U. G.} and Alsubai, {K. A.} and S. Ciceri and G. D{\textquoteright}Ago and T. Haugb{\o}lle and Hessman, {F. V.} and Hinse, {T. C.} and D. Juncher and H. Korhonen and L. Mancini and A. Popovas and M. Rabus and S. Rahvar and G. Scarpetta and Schmidt, {R. W.} and J. Skottfelt and J. Southworth and David Starkey and J. Surdej and O. Wertz and M. Zarucki and Gaudi, {B. S.} and Pogge, {R. W.} and DePoy, {D. L.}",

year = "2015",

month = may,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/20",

language = "English",

volume = "804",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "1",

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Calchi Novati, S, Gould, A, Udalski, A, Menzies, JW, Bond, IA, Shvartzvald, Y, Street, RA, Hundertmark, M, Beichman, CA, Yee, JC, Carey, S, Poleski, R, Skowron, J, Kozłowski, S, Mróz, P, Pietrukowicz, P, Pietrzyński, G, Szymański, MK, Soszyński, I, Ulaczyk, K, Wyrzykowski, Ł, Albrow, M, Beaulieu, JP, Caldwell, JAR, Cassan, A, Coutures, C, Danielski, C, Dominis Prester, D, Donatowicz, J, Lončarić, K, McDougall, A, Morales, JC, Ranc, C, Zhu, W, Abe, F, Barry, RK, Bennett, DP, Bhattacharya, A, Fukunaga, D, Inayama, K, Koshimoto, N, Namba, S, Sumi, T, Suzuki, D, Tristram, PJ, Wakiyama, Y, Yonehara, A, Maoz, D, Kaspi, S, Friedmann, M, Bachelet, E, Figuera Jaimes, R, Bramich, DM, Tsapras, Y, Horne, K, Snodgrass, C, Wambsganss, J, Steele, IA, Kains, N, Bozza, V, Dominik, M, Jørgensen, UG, Alsubai, KA, Ciceri, S, D’Ago, G, Haugbølle, T, Hessman, FV, Hinse, TC, Juncher, D, Korhonen, H, Mancini, L, Popovas, A, Rabus, M, Rahvar, S, Scarpetta, G, Schmidt, RW, Skottfelt, J, Southworth, J, Starkey, D, Surdej, J, Wertz, O, Zarucki, M, Gaudi, BS, Pogge, RW & DePoy, DL 2015, 'Pathway to the Galactic distribution of planets: combined Spitzer and ground-based microlens parallax measurements of 21 single-lens events', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 804, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/20

TY - JOUR

T1 - Pathway to the Galactic distribution of planets

T2 - combined Spitzer and ground-based microlens parallax measurements of 21 single-lens events

AU - Calchi Novati, S.

AU - Gould, A.

AU - Udalski, A.

AU - Menzies, J. W.

AU - Bond, I. A.

AU - Shvartzvald, Y.

AU - Street, R. A.

AU - Hundertmark, M.

AU - Beichman, C. A.

AU - Yee, J. C.

AU - Carey, S.

AU - Poleski, R.

AU - Skowron, J.

AU - Kozłowski, S.

AU - Mróz, P.

AU - Pietrukowicz, P.

AU - Pietrzyński, G.

AU - Szymański, M. K.

AU - Soszyński, I.

AU - Ulaczyk, K.

AU - Wyrzykowski, Ł.

AU - Albrow, M.

AU - Beaulieu, J. P.

AU - Caldwell, J. A. R.

AU - Cassan, A.

AU - Coutures, C.

AU - Danielski, C.

AU - Dominis Prester, D.

AU - Donatowicz, J.

AU - Lončarić, K.

AU - McDougall, A.

AU - Morales, J. C.

AU - Ranc, C.

AU - Zhu, W.

AU - Abe, F.

AU - Barry, R. K.

AU - Bennett, D. P.

AU - Bhattacharya, A.

AU - Fukunaga, D.

AU - Inayama, K.

AU - Koshimoto, N.

AU - Namba, S.

AU - Sumi, T.

AU - Suzuki, D.

AU - Tristram, P. J.

AU - Wakiyama, Y.

AU - Yonehara, A.

AU - Maoz, D.

AU - Kaspi, S.

AU - Friedmann, M.

AU - Bachelet, E.

AU - Figuera Jaimes, R.

AU - Bramich, D. M.

AU - Tsapras, Y.

AU - Horne, K.

AU - Snodgrass, C.

AU - Wambsganss, J.

AU - Steele, I. A.

AU - Kains, N.

AU - Bozza, V.

AU - Dominik, M.

AU - Jørgensen, U. G.

AU - Alsubai, K. A.

AU - Ciceri, S.

AU - D’Ago, G.

AU - Haugbølle, T.

AU - Hessman, F. V.

AU - Hinse, T. C.

AU - Juncher, D.

AU - Korhonen, H.

AU - Mancini, L.

AU - Popovas, A.

AU - Rabus, M.

AU - Rahvar, S.

AU - Scarpetta, G.

AU - Schmidt, R. W.

AU - Skottfelt, J.

AU - Southworth, J.

AU - Starkey, David

AU - Surdej, J.

AU - Wertz, O.

AU - Zarucki, M.

AU - Gaudi, B. S.

AU - Pogge, R. W.

AU - DePoy, D. L.

PY - 2015/5/1

Y1 - 2015/5/1

N2 - We present microlens parallax measurements for 21 (apparently) isolated lenses observed toward the Galactic bulge that were imaged simultaneously from Earth and Spitzer, which was ~1 AU west of Earth in projection. We combine these measurements with a kinematic model of the Galaxy to derive distance estimates for each lens, with error bars that are small compared to the Sun's galactocentric distance. The ensemble therefore yields a well-defined cumulative distribution of lens distances. In principle, it is possible to compare this distribution against a set of planets detected in the same experiment in order to measure the Galactic distribution of planets. Since these Spitzer observations yielded only one planet, this is not yet possible in practice. However, it will become possible as larger samples are accumulated.

AB - We present microlens parallax measurements for 21 (apparently) isolated lenses observed toward the Galactic bulge that were imaged simultaneously from Earth and Spitzer, which was ~1 AU west of Earth in projection. We combine these measurements with a kinematic model of the Galaxy to derive distance estimates for each lens, with error bars that are small compared to the Sun's galactocentric distance. The ensemble therefore yields a well-defined cumulative distribution of lens distances. In principle, it is possible to compare this distribution against a set of planets detected in the same experiment in order to measure the Galactic distribution of planets. Since these Spitzer observations yielded only one planet, this is not yet possible in practice. However, it will become possible as larger samples are accumulated.

KW - Gravitational lensing: micro

KW - Planetary systems

KW - Planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability

UR - http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApJ...804...20C

U2 - 10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/20

DO - 10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/20

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 804

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 1

ER -

Pathway to the Galactic distribution of planets: combined Spitzer and ground-based microlens parallax measurements of 21 single-lens events

Abstract

Keywords

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Astronomy at St Andrews 2015-2018: Astronomy at St Andrews 2015-2018

AGN Echo mapping: AGN Echo Mapping and Mineral Clouds in Alien Atmospheres

Planet population statistics: Planet population statistics from fully-deterministic microlensing campaigns

Cite this

Pathway to the Galactic distribution of planets: combined Spitzer and ground-based microlens parallax measurements of 21 single-lens events

Abstract

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Projects

Astronomy at St Andrews 2015-2018: Astronomy at St Andrews 2015-2018

AGN Echo mapping: AGN Echo Mapping and Mineral Clouds in Alien Atmospheres

Planet population statistics: Planet population statistics from fully-deterministic microlensing campaigns

Cite this