Overview of the instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

DESI Collaboration; B. Abareshi; J. Aguilar; S. Ahlen; Shadab Alam; David M. Alexander; R. Alfarsy; L. Allen; C. Allende Prieto; O. Alves; J. Ameel; E. Armengaud; J. Asorey; Alejandro Aviles; S. Bailey; A. Balaguera-Antolínez; O. Ballester; C. Baltay; A. Bault; S. F. Beltran; B. Benavides; S. BenZvi; A. Berti; R. Besuner; Florian Beutler; D. Bianchi; C. Blake; P. Blanc; R. Blum; A. Bolton; S. Bose; D. Bramall; S. Brieden; A. Brodzeller; D. Brooks; C. Brownewell; E. Buckley-Geer; R. N. Cahn; Z. Cai; R. Canning; R. Capasso; A. Carnero Rosell; P. Carton; R. Casas; F. J. Castander; J. L. Cervantes-Cota; S. Chabanier; E. Chaussidon; C. Chuang; R. Tojeiro

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac882b

Overview of the instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

DESI Collaboration, B. Abareshi, J. Aguilar, S. Ahlen, Shadab Alam, David M. Alexander, R. Alfarsy, L. Allen, C. Allende Prieto, O. Alves, J. Ameel, E. Armengaud, J. Asorey, Alejandro Aviles, S. Bailey, A. Balaguera-Antolínez, O. Ballester, C. Baltay, A. Bault, S. F. BeltranB. Benavides, S. BenZvi, A. Berti, R. Besuner, Florian Beutler, D. Bianchi, C. Blake, P. Blanc, R. Blum, A. Bolton, S. Bose, D. Bramall, S. Brieden, A. Brodzeller, D. Brooks, C. Brownewell, E. Buckley-Geer, R. N. Cahn, Z. Cai, R. Canning, R. Capasso, A. Carnero Rosell, P. Carton, R. Casas, F. J. Castander, J. L. Cervantes-Cota, S. Chabanier, E. Chaussidon, C. Chuang, R. Tojeiro

School of Physics and Astronomy

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Abstract

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) embarked on an ambitious 5 yr survey in 2021 May to explore the nature of dark energy with spectroscopic measurements of 40 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will determine precise redshifts and employ the baryon acoustic oscillation method to measure distances from the nearby universe to beyond redshift z > 3.5, and employ redshift space distortions to measure the growth of structure and probe potential modifications to general relativity. We describe the significant instrumentation we developed to conduct the DESI survey. This includes: a wide-field, 3.°2 diameter prime-focus corrector; a focal plane system with 5020 fiber positioners on the 0.812 m diameter, aspheric focal surface; 10 continuous, high-efficiency fiber cable bundles that connect the focal plane to the spectrographs; and 10 identical spectrographs. Each spectrograph employs a pair of dichroics to split the light into three channels that together record the light from 360–980 nm with a spectral resolution that ranges from 2000–5000. We describe the science requirements, their connection to the technical requirements, the management of the project, and interfaces between subsystems. DESI was installed at the 4 m Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory and has achieved all of its performance goals. Some performance highlights include an rms positioner accuracy of better than 0.″1 and a median signal-to-noise ratio of 7 of the [O ii] doublet at 8 × 10⁻¹⁷ erg s⁻¹ cm⁻² in 1000 s for galaxies at z = 1.4–1.6. We conclude with additional highlights from the on-sky validation and commissioning, key successes, and lessons learned.

Original language	English
Article number	207
Number of pages	62
Journal	Astronomical Journal
Volume	164
Issue number	5
Early online date	20 Oct 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac882b
Publication status	Published - 1 Nov 2022

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Copyright © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
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DESI Collaboration, Abareshi, B., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Alam, S., Alexander, D. M., Alfarsy, R., Allen, L., Prieto, C. A., Alves, O., Ameel, J., Armengaud, E., Asorey, J., Aviles, A., Bailey, S., Balaguera-Antolínez, A., Ballester, O., Baltay, C., Bault, A., ... Tojeiro, R. (2022). Overview of the instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. Astronomical Journal, 164(5), Article 207. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac882b

@article{f7b9ceeb67904e91960b28e9f7b2b3d6,

title = "Overview of the instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument",

abstract = "The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) embarked on an ambitious 5 yr survey in 2021 May to explore the nature of dark energy with spectroscopic measurements of 40 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will determine precise redshifts and employ the baryon acoustic oscillation method to measure distances from the nearby universe to beyond redshift z > 3.5, and employ redshift space distortions to measure the growth of structure and probe potential modifications to general relativity. We describe the significant instrumentation we developed to conduct the DESI survey. This includes: a wide-field, 3.°2 diameter prime-focus corrector; a focal plane system with 5020 fiber positioners on the 0.812 m diameter, aspheric focal surface; 10 continuous, high-efficiency fiber cable bundles that connect the focal plane to the spectrographs; and 10 identical spectrographs. Each spectrograph employs a pair of dichroics to split the light into three channels that together record the light from 360–980 nm with a spectral resolution that ranges from 2000–5000. We describe the science requirements, their connection to the technical requirements, the management of the project, and interfaces between subsystems. DESI was installed at the 4 m Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory and has achieved all of its performance goals. Some performance highlights include an rms positioner accuracy of better than 0.″1 and a median signal-to-noise ratio of 7 of the [O ii] doublet at 8 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−2 in 1000 s for galaxies at z = 1.4–1.6. We conclude with additional highlights from the on-sky validation and commissioning, key successes, and lessons learned.",

author = "{DESI Collaboration} and B. Abareshi and J. Aguilar and S. Ahlen and Shadab Alam and Alexander, {David M.} and R. Alfarsy and L. Allen and Prieto, {C. Allende} and O. Alves and J. Ameel and E. Armengaud and J. Asorey and Alejandro Aviles and S. Bailey and A. Balaguera-Antol{\'i}nez and O. Ballester and C. Baltay and A. Bault and Beltran, {S. F.} and B. Benavides and S. BenZvi and A. Berti and R. Besuner and Florian Beutler and D. Bianchi and C. Blake and P. Blanc and R. Blum and A. Bolton and S. Bose and D. Bramall and S. Brieden and A. Brodzeller and D. Brooks and C. Brownewell and E. Buckley-Geer and Cahn, {R. N.} and Z. Cai and R. Canning and R. Capasso and Rosell, {A. Carnero} and P. Carton and R. Casas and Castander, {F. J.} and Cervantes-Cota, {J. L.} and S. Chabanier and E. Chaussidon and C. Chuang and R. Tojeiro",

note = "Funding: This research is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility under the same contract. Additional support for DESI is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of Astronomical Sciences under contract No. AST-0950945 to the NSFʼs National Optical Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory; the Science and Technologies Facilities Council of the United Kingdom; the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; the Heising–Simons Foundation; the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA); the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACYT); the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain, and by the DESI Member Institutions.",

year = "2022",

month = nov,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/ac882b",

language = "English",

volume = "164",

journal = "Astronomical Journal",

issn = "1538-3881",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "5",

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DESI Collaboration, Abareshi, B, Aguilar, J, Ahlen, S, Alam, S, Alexander, DM, Alfarsy, R, Allen, L, Prieto, CA, Alves, O, Ameel, J, Armengaud, E, Asorey, J, Aviles, A, Bailey, S, Balaguera-Antolínez, A, Ballester, O, Baltay, C, Bault, A, Beltran, SF, Benavides, B, BenZvi, S, Berti, A, Besuner, R, Beutler, F, Bianchi, D, Blake, C, Blanc, P, Blum, R, Bolton, A, Bose, S, Bramall, D, Brieden, S, Brodzeller, A, Brooks, D, Brownewell, C, Buckley-Geer, E, Cahn, RN, Cai, Z, Canning, R, Capasso, R, Rosell, AC, Carton, P, Casas, R, Castander, FJ, Cervantes-Cota, JL, Chabanier, S, Chaussidon, E, Chuang, C & Tojeiro, R 2022, 'Overview of the instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument', Astronomical Journal, vol. 164, no. 5, 207. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac882b

TY - JOUR

T1 - Overview of the instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

AU - DESI Collaboration

AU - Abareshi, B.

AU - Aguilar, J.

AU - Ahlen, S.

AU - Alam, Shadab

AU - Alexander, David M.

AU - Alfarsy, R.

AU - Allen, L.

AU - Prieto, C. Allende

AU - Alves, O.

AU - Ameel, J.

AU - Armengaud, E.

AU - Asorey, J.

AU - Aviles, Alejandro

AU - Bailey, S.

AU - Balaguera-Antolínez, A.

AU - Ballester, O.

AU - Baltay, C.

AU - Bault, A.

AU - Beltran, S. F.

AU - Benavides, B.

AU - BenZvi, S.

AU - Berti, A.

AU - Besuner, R.

AU - Beutler, Florian

AU - Bianchi, D.

AU - Blake, C.

AU - Blanc, P.

AU - Blum, R.

AU - Bolton, A.

AU - Bose, S.

AU - Bramall, D.

AU - Brieden, S.

AU - Brodzeller, A.

AU - Brooks, D.

AU - Brownewell, C.

AU - Buckley-Geer, E.

AU - Cahn, R. N.

AU - Cai, Z.

AU - Canning, R.

AU - Capasso, R.

AU - Rosell, A. Carnero

AU - Carton, P.

AU - Casas, R.

AU - Castander, F. J.

AU - Cervantes-Cota, J. L.

AU - Chabanier, S.

AU - Chaussidon, E.

AU - Chuang, C.

AU - Tojeiro, R.

N1 - Funding: This research is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility under the same contract. Additional support for DESI is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of Astronomical Sciences under contract No. AST-0950945 to the NSFʼs National Optical Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory; the Science and Technologies Facilities Council of the United Kingdom; the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; the Heising–Simons Foundation; the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA); the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACYT); the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain, and by the DESI Member Institutions.

PY - 2022/11/1

Y1 - 2022/11/1

N2 - The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) embarked on an ambitious 5 yr survey in 2021 May to explore the nature of dark energy with spectroscopic measurements of 40 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will determine precise redshifts and employ the baryon acoustic oscillation method to measure distances from the nearby universe to beyond redshift z > 3.5, and employ redshift space distortions to measure the growth of structure and probe potential modifications to general relativity. We describe the significant instrumentation we developed to conduct the DESI survey. This includes: a wide-field, 3.°2 diameter prime-focus corrector; a focal plane system with 5020 fiber positioners on the 0.812 m diameter, aspheric focal surface; 10 continuous, high-efficiency fiber cable bundles that connect the focal plane to the spectrographs; and 10 identical spectrographs. Each spectrograph employs a pair of dichroics to split the light into three channels that together record the light from 360–980 nm with a spectral resolution that ranges from 2000–5000. We describe the science requirements, their connection to the technical requirements, the management of the project, and interfaces between subsystems. DESI was installed at the 4 m Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory and has achieved all of its performance goals. Some performance highlights include an rms positioner accuracy of better than 0.″1 and a median signal-to-noise ratio of 7 of the [O ii] doublet at 8 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−2 in 1000 s for galaxies at z = 1.4–1.6. We conclude with additional highlights from the on-sky validation and commissioning, key successes, and lessons learned.

AB - The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) embarked on an ambitious 5 yr survey in 2021 May to explore the nature of dark energy with spectroscopic measurements of 40 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will determine precise redshifts and employ the baryon acoustic oscillation method to measure distances from the nearby universe to beyond redshift z > 3.5, and employ redshift space distortions to measure the growth of structure and probe potential modifications to general relativity. We describe the significant instrumentation we developed to conduct the DESI survey. This includes: a wide-field, 3.°2 diameter prime-focus corrector; a focal plane system with 5020 fiber positioners on the 0.812 m diameter, aspheric focal surface; 10 continuous, high-efficiency fiber cable bundles that connect the focal plane to the spectrographs; and 10 identical spectrographs. Each spectrograph employs a pair of dichroics to split the light into three channels that together record the light from 360–980 nm with a spectral resolution that ranges from 2000–5000. We describe the science requirements, their connection to the technical requirements, the management of the project, and interfaces between subsystems. DESI was installed at the 4 m Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory and has achieved all of its performance goals. Some performance highlights include an rms positioner accuracy of better than 0.″1 and a median signal-to-noise ratio of 7 of the [O ii] doublet at 8 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−2 in 1000 s for galaxies at z = 1.4–1.6. We conclude with additional highlights from the on-sky validation and commissioning, key successes, and lessons learned.

U2 - 10.3847/1538-3881/ac882b

DO - 10.3847/1538-3881/ac882b

M3 - Article

SN - 1538-3881

VL - 164

JO - Astronomical Journal

JF - Astronomical Journal

IS - 5

M1 - 207

ER -

Overview of the instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

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