Options other than general anaesthesia for surgical procedures for bladder outlet obstruction

An increasing number of procedures are available for treatment of bladder outlet obstruction. Minimally invasive surgical treatments include prostatic urethral lift (UroLift), water vapour therapy (Rezūm), the temporary implanted nitinol device, and transperineal laser ablation. Longer patient waiting lists, wider patient choice, patient comorbidities, and interest in conducting procedures in outpatient settings have placed a focus on options other than a general anaesthetic (GA). Non-GA options for BOO include various instillations or injections of local anaesthetic and methods for sedation. This review summarises the non-GA options available for surgical treatments for bladder outlet obstruction. PATIENT SUMMARY: This mini review looks at surgical treatment options for an enlarged prostate causing urinary blockage that do not require a general anaesthetic. We summarise the anaesthetic options available and review which are suitable for various surgical procedures.