Opportunities and challenges in the new innovation landscape: Implications for innovation auditing and innovation management

Innovation auditing is a well-established practice used by managers to identify strengths and weaknesses in innovation. Existing audit frameworks fall short, however, because they neglect three major trends that currently transform the innovation landscape. These trends are as follows: 1) a shift from closed to more open models of innovation (“openness”), 2) a shift from providing physical products to industrial product–services (“servitization”), and 3) a shift from an analog to a highly digitalized world (“digitalization”). This article identifies new innovation practices, opportunities, and challenges that arise for manufacturing firms along these trends. The article proposes a revised innovation audit framework, which acknowledges these trends and supports innovation management in increasingly dynamic and competitive environments.