Occurrence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and Carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from Childhood Diarrhoea in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Saleh Mahamat; Raspail Carrel Founou; Luria Leslie Founou; Thibau Flaurant Tchouangueu; Brice Davy Dimani; Omer Aurelle Nkengkana; Lethicia Danaëlle Mafo; David Chelo; Marie Christine Fonkoua; Yap Boum-II; Hortense Gonsu; Michel Noubom; Paul Olivier Koki Ndombo; Donatien Gatsing

doi:10.1186/s12866-024-03559-z

Occurrence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and Carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from Childhood Diarrhoea in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Saleh Mahamat, Raspail Carrel Founou^*, Luria Leslie Founou, Thibau Flaurant Tchouangueu, Brice Davy Dimani, Omer Aurelle Nkengkana, Lethicia Danaëlle Mafo, David Chelo, Marie Christine Fonkoua, Yap Boum-II, Hortense Gonsu, Michel Noubom, Paul Olivier Koki Ndombo, Donatien Gatsing

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Medicine

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Introduction: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing pathogenic E. coli is a global public health issue, especially in sub-Saharan African countries such as Cameroon. It contributes to increase significantly hospital length of stay, morbidity, mortality and economic costs because of treatment failures. This study aims at determining the resistance background and virulence profiles of ESBL-E. coli isolates among childhood diarrhoea during the cholera outbreak occuring in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Materials and methods: During a four-month periods, from March 1st to June 30th, 2023, a total of 84 stool samples were collected from 90 under five children presenting clinical signs of gastroenteritis and attending four hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Bacterial identification was done using API20E and antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. After extraction, genomic DNA was subjected to conventional and multiplex polymerase chain reaction methods (PCRs) for detection of resistance and virulence genes. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi info™ (7.2.5.0). Statistical significance was considered at a p-value < 0.05.
Results: Out of 150 patients contacted, 90 patients were enrolled, 84 samples were collected, 52.38%(44/84) and 3.57%(03/84) were confirmed as extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing E. coli respectively. The risk factors were analyzed, and children who drank natural fruit juice (OR: 0.4, p-value: 0.03) were found to be significantly associated with ESBL-producing E. coli. The ESBL-producing E. coli isolates showed a high level of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, colistin, and tetracycline. The blaCTX−M was more prevalent ß-lactamase resistance gene. The tetracycline resistance genes tet(A) and tet(B) were also detected. The most important virulence genes detected were FimH (81.81%) and papA (79.54%).
Conclusion: These findings suggest implementing routine surveillance and screening for antimicrobial resistance among children under five. Antimicrobial stewardship strategies (ASP) need to be implemented to curb the emergence and dissemination of ESBL-producing E. coli. In addition, a national surveillance program for antimicrobial resistance needs to be implemented at local and regional levels in order to reduce morbidity in Cameroon.

Original language	English
Article number	401
Number of pages	10
Journal	BMC Microbiology
Volume	24
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-024-03559-z
Publication status	Published - 10 Oct 2024

Keywords

Cameroon
Antibiotic resistance
Children
ESBLs
Multidrug resistance

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Mahamat, S., Founou, R. C., Founou, L. L., Tchouangueu, T. F., Dimani, B. D., Nkengkana, O. A., Mafo, L. D., Chelo, D., Fonkoua, M. C., Boum-II, Y., Gonsu, H., Noubom, M., Olivier Koki Ndombo, P., & Gatsing, D. (2024). Occurrence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and Carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from Childhood Diarrhoea in Yaoundé, Cameroon. BMC Microbiology, 24, Article 401. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-024-03559-z

@article{48a75e3d72cf49c49fa0b7e9454632e6,

title = "Occurrence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and Carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from Childhood Diarrhoea in Yaound{\'e}, Cameroon",

abstract = "Introduction: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing pathogenic E. coli is a global public health issue, especially in sub-Saharan African countries such as Cameroon. It contributes to increase significantly hospital length of stay, morbidity, mortality and economic costs because of treatment failures. This study aims at determining the resistance background and virulence profiles of ESBL-E. coli isolates among childhood diarrhoea during the cholera outbreak occuring in Yaound{\'e}, Cameroon. Materials and methods: During a four-month periods, from March 1st to June 30th, 2023, a total of 84 stool samples were collected from 90 under five children presenting clinical signs of gastroenteritis and attending four hospitals in Yaound{\'e}, Cameroon. Bacterial identification was done using API20E and antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. After extraction, genomic DNA was subjected to conventional and multiplex polymerase chain reaction methods (PCRs) for detection of resistance and virulence genes. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi info{\texttrademark} (7.2.5.0). Statistical significance was considered at a p-value < 0.05. Results: Out of 150 patients contacted, 90 patients were enrolled, 84 samples were collected, 52.38%(44/84) and 3.57%(03/84) were confirmed as extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing E. coli respectively. The risk factors were analyzed, and children who drank natural fruit juice (OR: 0.4, p-value: 0.03) were found to be significantly associated with ESBL-producing E. coli. The ESBL-producing E. coli isolates showed a high level of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, colistin, and tetracycline. The blaCTX−M was more prevalent {\ss}-lactamase resistance gene. The tetracycline resistance genes tet(A) and tet(B) were also detected. The most important virulence genes detected were FimH (81.81%) and papA (79.54%). Conclusion: These findings suggest implementing routine surveillance and screening for antimicrobial resistance among children under five. Antimicrobial stewardship strategies (ASP) need to be implemented to curb the emergence and dissemination of ESBL-producing E. coli. In addition, a national surveillance program for antimicrobial resistance needs to be implemented at local and regional levels in order to reduce morbidity in Cameroon.",

keywords = "Cameroon, Antibiotic resistance, Children, ESBLs, Multidrug resistance",

author = "Saleh Mahamat and Founou, {Raspail Carrel} and Founou, {Luria Leslie} and Tchouangueu, {Thibau Flaurant} and Dimani, {Brice Davy} and Nkengkana, {Omer Aurelle} and Mafo, {Lethicia Dana{\"e}lle} and David Chelo and Fonkoua, {Marie Christine} and Yap Boum-II and Hortense Gonsu and Michel Noubom and {Olivier Koki Ndombo}, Paul and Donatien Gatsing",

note = "Funding: Raspail Carrel Founou received funding from the M{\'e}rieux Institute, Lyon France for the CAREFOOD project. CAREFOOD project had supported all the molecular aspect of this study. Dr Luria Founou received funding from the Thrasher Research Fund through the Thrasher Early Career Award (Award number 01364). This work was also supported by the Research Institute of the Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI).",

year = "2024",

month = oct,

day = "10",

doi = "10.1186/s12866-024-03559-z",

language = "English",

volume = "24",

journal = "BMC Microbiology",

issn = "1471-2180",

publisher = "BioMed Central",

}

Mahamat, S, Founou, RC, Founou, LL, Tchouangueu, TF, Dimani, BD, Nkengkana, OA, Mafo, LD, Chelo, D, Fonkoua, MC, Boum-II, Y, Gonsu, H, Noubom, M, Olivier Koki Ndombo, P & Gatsing, D 2024, 'Occurrence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and Carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from Childhood Diarrhoea in Yaoundé, Cameroon', BMC Microbiology, vol. 24, 401. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-024-03559-z

TY - JOUR

T1 - Occurrence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and Carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from Childhood Diarrhoea in Yaoundé, Cameroon

AU - Mahamat, Saleh

AU - Founou, Raspail Carrel

AU - Founou, Luria Leslie

AU - Tchouangueu, Thibau Flaurant

AU - Dimani, Brice Davy

AU - Nkengkana, Omer Aurelle

AU - Mafo, Lethicia Danaëlle

AU - Chelo, David

AU - Fonkoua, Marie Christine

AU - Boum-II, Yap

AU - Gonsu, Hortense

AU - Noubom, Michel

AU - Olivier Koki Ndombo, Paul

AU - Gatsing, Donatien

N1 - Funding: Raspail Carrel Founou received funding from the Mérieux Institute, Lyon France for the CAREFOOD project. CAREFOOD project had supported all the molecular aspect of this study. Dr Luria Founou received funding from the Thrasher Research Fund through the Thrasher Early Career Award (Award number 01364). This work was also supported by the Research Institute of the Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI).

PY - 2024/10/10

Y1 - 2024/10/10

N2 - Introduction: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing pathogenic E. coli is a global public health issue, especially in sub-Saharan African countries such as Cameroon. It contributes to increase significantly hospital length of stay, morbidity, mortality and economic costs because of treatment failures. This study aims at determining the resistance background and virulence profiles of ESBL-E. coli isolates among childhood diarrhoea during the cholera outbreak occuring in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Materials and methods: During a four-month periods, from March 1st to June 30th, 2023, a total of 84 stool samples were collected from 90 under five children presenting clinical signs of gastroenteritis and attending four hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Bacterial identification was done using API20E and antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. After extraction, genomic DNA was subjected to conventional and multiplex polymerase chain reaction methods (PCRs) for detection of resistance and virulence genes. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi info™ (7.2.5.0). Statistical significance was considered at a p-value < 0.05. Results: Out of 150 patients contacted, 90 patients were enrolled, 84 samples were collected, 52.38%(44/84) and 3.57%(03/84) were confirmed as extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing E. coli respectively. The risk factors were analyzed, and children who drank natural fruit juice (OR: 0.4, p-value: 0.03) were found to be significantly associated with ESBL-producing E. coli. The ESBL-producing E. coli isolates showed a high level of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, colistin, and tetracycline. The blaCTX−M was more prevalent ß-lactamase resistance gene. The tetracycline resistance genes tet(A) and tet(B) were also detected. The most important virulence genes detected were FimH (81.81%) and papA (79.54%). Conclusion: These findings suggest implementing routine surveillance and screening for antimicrobial resistance among children under five. Antimicrobial stewardship strategies (ASP) need to be implemented to curb the emergence and dissemination of ESBL-producing E. coli. In addition, a national surveillance program for antimicrobial resistance needs to be implemented at local and regional levels in order to reduce morbidity in Cameroon.

AB - Introduction: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing pathogenic E. coli is a global public health issue, especially in sub-Saharan African countries such as Cameroon. It contributes to increase significantly hospital length of stay, morbidity, mortality and economic costs because of treatment failures. This study aims at determining the resistance background and virulence profiles of ESBL-E. coli isolates among childhood diarrhoea during the cholera outbreak occuring in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Materials and methods: During a four-month periods, from March 1st to June 30th, 2023, a total of 84 stool samples were collected from 90 under five children presenting clinical signs of gastroenteritis and attending four hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Bacterial identification was done using API20E and antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. After extraction, genomic DNA was subjected to conventional and multiplex polymerase chain reaction methods (PCRs) for detection of resistance and virulence genes. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi info™ (7.2.5.0). Statistical significance was considered at a p-value < 0.05. Results: Out of 150 patients contacted, 90 patients were enrolled, 84 samples were collected, 52.38%(44/84) and 3.57%(03/84) were confirmed as extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing E. coli respectively. The risk factors were analyzed, and children who drank natural fruit juice (OR: 0.4, p-value: 0.03) were found to be significantly associated with ESBL-producing E. coli. The ESBL-producing E. coli isolates showed a high level of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, colistin, and tetracycline. The blaCTX−M was more prevalent ß-lactamase resistance gene. The tetracycline resistance genes tet(A) and tet(B) were also detected. The most important virulence genes detected were FimH (81.81%) and papA (79.54%). Conclusion: These findings suggest implementing routine surveillance and screening for antimicrobial resistance among children under five. Antimicrobial stewardship strategies (ASP) need to be implemented to curb the emergence and dissemination of ESBL-producing E. coli. In addition, a national surveillance program for antimicrobial resistance needs to be implemented at local and regional levels in order to reduce morbidity in Cameroon.

KW - Cameroon

KW - Antibiotic resistance

KW - Children

KW - ESBLs

KW - Multidrug resistance

U2 - 10.1186/s12866-024-03559-z

DO - 10.1186/s12866-024-03559-z

M3 - Article

SN - 1471-2180

VL - 24

JO - BMC Microbiology

JF - BMC Microbiology

M1 - 401

ER -

Occurrence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and Carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from Childhood Diarrhoea in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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