TY - JOUR
T1 - Nature of the gas and dust around 51 Ophiuchi
T2 - modelling continuum and Herschel line observations
AU - Thi, W.F.
AU - Ménard, F.
AU - Meeus, G.
AU - Carmona, A.
AU - Riviere-Marichalar, P.
AU - Augereau, J.-C.
AU - Kamp, I.
AU - Woitke, P.
AU - Pinte, C.
AU - Mendigutía, I.
AU - Eiroa, C.
AU - Montesinos, B.
AU - Britain, S.
AU - Dent, W.
N1 - The authors thank the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (contracts ANR-07-BLAN-0221, ANR-2010-JCJC-0504-01, and ANR-2010-JCJC-0501-01), CNES, PNPS of CNRS/INSU, France, and support from the Millenium Science Initiative (Chilean Ministry of Economy), through grant “Nucleus P10-022-F” for support. We acknowledge funding from the EU FP7-2011 under Grant Agreement nr. 284405 (PERG06-GA-2009-256513).
PY - 2013/9/12
Y1 - 2013/9/12
N2 - Context. Circumstellar disc evolution is paramount for the understanding of planet formation. The gas in protoplanetary discs large program (GASPS) aims at determining the circumstellar gas and solid mass around ~250 pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae and T Tauri stars.
Aims. We aim to understand the origin and nature of the circumstellar matter orbiting 51 Oph, a young (<1 Myr) luminous B9.5 star.
Methods. We obtained continuum and line observations with the PACS instrument on board the Herschel Space Observatory and continuum data at 1.2 mm with the IRAM 30 m telescope. The spectral energy distribution and line fluxes were modelled using the physico-chemo radiative transfer code ProDiMo to constrain the gas and solid mass of the disc around 51 Oph. The disc vertical hydrostatic structure was computed self-consistently together with the gas thermal balance.
Results. We detected a strong emission by atomic oxygen [O I] at 63 microns using the Herschel Space Observatory. The [O I] emission at 145 microns, the [C II] emission at 158 microns, the high-J CO emissions, and the warm water emissions were not detected. Continuum emission was detected at 1.2 mm. The continuum from the near- to the far-infrared and the [O i] emission are well explained by the emission from a compact (Rout = 10–15 AU) hydrostatic disc model with a gas mass of 5 × 10-6 M⊙, 100 times that of the solid mass. However, this model fails to match the continuum millimeter flux, which hints at a cold outer disc with a mass in solids of ~10-6 M⊙ or free-free emission from a photoevaporative disc wind. This outer disc can either be devoid of gas and/or is too cold to emit in the [O I] line. A very flat extended disc model (Rout = 400 AU) with a fixed vertical structure and dust settling matches all photometric points and most of the [O I] flux.
Conclusions. The observations can be explained by an extended flat disc where dust grains have settled. However, a flat gas disc cannot be reproduced by hydrostatic disc models. The low mass of the 51 Oph inner disc in gas and dust may be explained either by the fast dissipation of an initial massive disc or by a very small initial disc mass.
AB - Context. Circumstellar disc evolution is paramount for the understanding of planet formation. The gas in protoplanetary discs large program (GASPS) aims at determining the circumstellar gas and solid mass around ~250 pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae and T Tauri stars.
Aims. We aim to understand the origin and nature of the circumstellar matter orbiting 51 Oph, a young (<1 Myr) luminous B9.5 star.
Methods. We obtained continuum and line observations with the PACS instrument on board the Herschel Space Observatory and continuum data at 1.2 mm with the IRAM 30 m telescope. The spectral energy distribution and line fluxes were modelled using the physico-chemo radiative transfer code ProDiMo to constrain the gas and solid mass of the disc around 51 Oph. The disc vertical hydrostatic structure was computed self-consistently together with the gas thermal balance.
Results. We detected a strong emission by atomic oxygen [O I] at 63 microns using the Herschel Space Observatory. The [O I] emission at 145 microns, the [C II] emission at 158 microns, the high-J CO emissions, and the warm water emissions were not detected. Continuum emission was detected at 1.2 mm. The continuum from the near- to the far-infrared and the [O i] emission are well explained by the emission from a compact (Rout = 10–15 AU) hydrostatic disc model with a gas mass of 5 × 10-6 M⊙, 100 times that of the solid mass. However, this model fails to match the continuum millimeter flux, which hints at a cold outer disc with a mass in solids of ~10-6 M⊙ or free-free emission from a photoevaporative disc wind. This outer disc can either be devoid of gas and/or is too cold to emit in the [O I] line. A very flat extended disc model (Rout = 400 AU) with a fixed vertical structure and dust settling matches all photometric points and most of the [O I] flux.
Conclusions. The observations can be explained by an extended flat disc where dust grains have settled. However, a flat gas disc cannot be reproduced by hydrostatic disc models. The low mass of the 51 Oph inner disc in gas and dust may be explained either by the fast dissipation of an initial massive disc or by a very small initial disc mass.
KW - Astrochemistry
KW - Protoplanetary disks
KW - Line: identification
U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/201221002
DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201221002
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84884157918
SN - 0004-6361
VL - 557
JO - Astronomy & Astrophysics
JF - Astronomy & Astrophysics
M1 - A111
ER -