Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). VI. Distribution of the small organics HCN, C2H, and H2CO

Viviana V. Guzmán; Jennifer B. Bergner; Charles J. Law; Karin I. Öberg; Catherine Walsh; Gianni Cataldi; Yuri Aikawa; Edwin A. Bergin; Ian Czekala; Jane Huang; Sean M. Andrews; Ryan A. Loomis; Ke Zhang; Romane Le Gal; Felipe Alarcón; John D. Ilee; Richard Teague; L. Ilsedore Cleeves; David J. Wilner; Feng Long; Kamber R. Schwarz; Arthur D. Bosman; Laura M. Pérez; François Ménard; Yao Liu

doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac1440

Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). VI. Distribution of the small organics HCN, C₂H, and H₂CO

Viviana V. Guzmán^*, Jennifer B. Bergner, Charles J. Law, Karin I. Öberg, Catherine Walsh, Gianni Cataldi, Yuri Aikawa, Edwin A. Bergin, Ian Czekala, Jane Huang, Sean M. Andrews, Ryan A. Loomis, Ke Zhang, Romane Le Gal, Felipe Alarcón, John D. Ilee, Richard Teague, L. Ilsedore Cleeves, David J. Wilner, Feng LongKamber R. Schwarz, Arthur D. Bosman, Laura M. Pérez, François Ménard, Yao Liu

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Small organic molecules, such as C₂H, HCN, and H₂CO, are tracers of the C, N, and O budget in protoplanetary disks. We present high-angular-resolution (10-50 au) observations of C₂H, HCN, and H₂CO lines in five protoplanetary disks from the Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) ALMA Large Program. We derive column density and excitation temperature profiles for HCN and C₂H, and find that the HCN emission arises in a temperate (20-30 K) layer in the disk, while C₂H is present in relatively warmer (20-60 K) layers. In the case of HD 163296, we find a decrease in column density for HCN and C₂H inside one of the dust gaps near ~83 au, where a planet has been proposed to be located. We derive H₂CO column density profiles assuming temperatures between 20 and 50 K, and find slightly higher column densities in the colder disks around T Tauri stars than around Herbig Ae stars. The H2CO column densities rise near the location of the CO snowline and/or millimeter dust edge, suggesting an efficient release of H₂CO ices in the outer disk. Finally, we find that the inner 50 au of these disks are rich in organic species, with abundances relative to water that are similar to cometary values. Comets could therefore deliver water and key organics to future planets in these disks, similar to what might have happened here on Earth. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.

Original language	English
Article number	6
Number of pages	18
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Volume	257
Issue number	1
Early online date	3 Nov 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac1440
Publication status	Published - Nov 2021

Keywords

Protoplanetary disks

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Cite this

Guzmán, V. V., Bergner, J. B., Law, C. J., Öberg, K. I., Walsh, C., Cataldi, G., Aikawa, Y., Bergin, E. A., Czekala, I., Huang, J., Andrews, S. M., Loomis, R. A., Zhang, K., Le Gal, R., Alarcón, F., Ilee, J. D., Teague, R., Cleeves, L. I., Wilner, D. J., ... Liu, Y. (2021). Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). VI. Distribution of the small organics HCN, C₂H, and H₂CO. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 257(1), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac1440

@article{a7a4b71536ea4cc38dfc7bcb600f4c9b,

title = "Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). VI. Distribution of the small organics HCN, C2H, and H2CO",

abstract = "Small organic molecules, such as C2H, HCN, and H2CO, are tracers of the C, N, and O budget in protoplanetary disks. We present high-angular-resolution (10-50 au) observations of C2H, HCN, and H2CO lines in five protoplanetary disks from the Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) ALMA Large Program. We derive column density and excitation temperature profiles for HCN and C2H, and find that the HCN emission arises in a temperate (20-30 K) layer in the disk, while C2H is present in relatively warmer (20-60 K) layers. In the case of HD 163296, we find a decrease in column density for HCN and C2H inside one of the dust gaps near ~83 au, where a planet has been proposed to be located. We derive H2CO column density profiles assuming temperatures between 20 and 50 K, and find slightly higher column densities in the colder disks around T Tauri stars than around Herbig Ae stars. The H2CO column densities rise near the location of the CO snowline and/or millimeter dust edge, suggesting an efficient release of H2CO ices in the outer disk. Finally, we find that the inner 50 au of these disks are rich in organic species, with abundances relative to water that are similar to cometary values. Comets could therefore deliver water and key organics to future planets in these disks, similar to what might have happened here on Earth. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.",

keywords = "Protoplanetary disks",

author = "Guzm{\'a}n, {Viviana V.} and Bergner, {Jennifer B.} and Law, {Charles J.} and {\"O}berg, {Karin I.} and Catherine Walsh and Gianni Cataldi and Yuri Aikawa and Bergin, {Edwin A.} and Ian Czekala and Jane Huang and Andrews, {Sean M.} and Loomis, {Ryan A.} and Ke Zhang and {Le Gal}, Romane and Felipe Alarc{\'o}n and Ilee, {John D.} and Richard Teague and Cleeves, {L. Ilsedore} and Wilner, {David J.} and Feng Long and Schwarz, {Kamber R.} and Bosman, {Arthur D.} and P{\'e}rez, {Laura M.} and Fran{\c c}ois M{\'e}nard and Yao Liu",

note = "Funding: I.C. was supported by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51405.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS5-26555. C.W. acknowledges financial support from the University of Leeds, STFC, and UKRI (grant Nos. ST/R000549/1, ST/T000287/1, and MR/T040726/1). J.D.I. acknowledges support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom (STFC) under ST/T000287/1.",

year = "2021",

month = nov,

doi = "10.3847/1538-4365/ac1440",

language = "English",

volume = "257",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series",

issn = "0067-0049",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "1",

}

Guzmán, VV, Bergner, JB, Law, CJ, Öberg, KI, Walsh, C, Cataldi, G, Aikawa, Y, Bergin, EA, Czekala, I, Huang, J, Andrews, SM, Loomis, RA, Zhang, K, Le Gal, R, Alarcón, F, Ilee, JD, Teague, R, Cleeves, LI, Wilner, DJ, Long, F, Schwarz, KR, Bosman, AD, Pérez, LM, Ménard, F & Liu, Y 2021, 'Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). VI. Distribution of the small organics HCN, C₂H, and H₂CO', Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol. 257, no. 1, 6. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac1440

TY - JOUR

T1 - Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). VI. Distribution of the small organics HCN, C2H, and H2CO

AU - Guzmán, Viviana V.

AU - Bergner, Jennifer B.

AU - Law, Charles J.

AU - Öberg, Karin I.

AU - Walsh, Catherine

AU - Cataldi, Gianni

AU - Aikawa, Yuri

AU - Bergin, Edwin A.

AU - Czekala, Ian

AU - Huang, Jane

AU - Andrews, Sean M.

AU - Loomis, Ryan A.

AU - Zhang, Ke

AU - Le Gal, Romane

AU - Alarcón, Felipe

AU - Ilee, John D.

AU - Teague, Richard

AU - Cleeves, L. Ilsedore

AU - Wilner, David J.

AU - Long, Feng

AU - Schwarz, Kamber R.

AU - Bosman, Arthur D.

AU - Pérez, Laura M.

AU - Ménard, François

AU - Liu, Yao

N1 - Funding: I.C. was supported by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51405.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS5-26555. C.W. acknowledges financial support from the University of Leeds, STFC, and UKRI (grant Nos. ST/R000549/1, ST/T000287/1, and MR/T040726/1). J.D.I. acknowledges support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom (STFC) under ST/T000287/1.

PY - 2021/11

Y1 - 2021/11

N2 - Small organic molecules, such as C2H, HCN, and H2CO, are tracers of the C, N, and O budget in protoplanetary disks. We present high-angular-resolution (10-50 au) observations of C2H, HCN, and H2CO lines in five protoplanetary disks from the Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) ALMA Large Program. We derive column density and excitation temperature profiles for HCN and C2H, and find that the HCN emission arises in a temperate (20-30 K) layer in the disk, while C2H is present in relatively warmer (20-60 K) layers. In the case of HD 163296, we find a decrease in column density for HCN and C2H inside one of the dust gaps near ~83 au, where a planet has been proposed to be located. We derive H2CO column density profiles assuming temperatures between 20 and 50 K, and find slightly higher column densities in the colder disks around T Tauri stars than around Herbig Ae stars. The H2CO column densities rise near the location of the CO snowline and/or millimeter dust edge, suggesting an efficient release of H2CO ices in the outer disk. Finally, we find that the inner 50 au of these disks are rich in organic species, with abundances relative to water that are similar to cometary values. Comets could therefore deliver water and key organics to future planets in these disks, similar to what might have happened here on Earth. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.

AB - Small organic molecules, such as C2H, HCN, and H2CO, are tracers of the C, N, and O budget in protoplanetary disks. We present high-angular-resolution (10-50 au) observations of C2H, HCN, and H2CO lines in five protoplanetary disks from the Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) ALMA Large Program. We derive column density and excitation temperature profiles for HCN and C2H, and find that the HCN emission arises in a temperate (20-30 K) layer in the disk, while C2H is present in relatively warmer (20-60 K) layers. In the case of HD 163296, we find a decrease in column density for HCN and C2H inside one of the dust gaps near ~83 au, where a planet has been proposed to be located. We derive H2CO column density profiles assuming temperatures between 20 and 50 K, and find slightly higher column densities in the colder disks around T Tauri stars than around Herbig Ae stars. The H2CO column densities rise near the location of the CO snowline and/or millimeter dust edge, suggesting an efficient release of H2CO ices in the outer disk. Finally, we find that the inner 50 au of these disks are rich in organic species, with abundances relative to water that are similar to cometary values. Comets could therefore deliver water and key organics to future planets in these disks, similar to what might have happened here on Earth. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.

KW - Protoplanetary disks

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4365/ac1440

DO - 10.3847/1538-4365/ac1440

M3 - Article

SN - 0067-0049

VL - 257

JO - Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series

JF - Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series

IS - 1

M1 - 6

ER -