Millimetre wave radar signatures of sea lions

Samiur Rahman; Aleksanteri Benjamin Vattulainen; Duncan A. Robertson; Ryan  Milne

doi:10.1049/icp.2022.2284

Millimetre wave radar signatures of sea lions

Samiur Rahman^*, Aleksanteri Benjamin Vattulainen, Duncan A. Robertson, Ryan Milne

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Abstract

This study reports the millimetre wave radar signatures of sea lions collected from three animals in the outdoor seal pool available at the Sea Mammal Research Unit in St Andrews in the Autumn of 2021. The objective is to study the radar signatures of the animals when their full body or part thereof is above water. The data was collected using a 77 GHz Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar with linear polarisation. Both Horizontal-Horizontal (HH) and Vertical-Vertical (VV) polarisation data have been stored and analysed. It has been demonstrated that the sea lions were very clearly detected by the radar with SNR greater than 30 dB at a range of 40 m. The calculated radar cross section (RCS) of the sea lions in HH polarisation varies from −50 to −19 dBsm (modal) and −28 to −2 dBsm (maximum), corresponding to the different body parts and the amount of exposure to the radar beam. In VV polarisation, the modal RCS value range is from −47 to −25 dBsm and the maximum RCS varies from −26 to −15 dBsm. It is also shown that the recorded Doppler features have the potential for target classification, essential for autonomous operation of marine vessels.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	International conference on radar systems (RADAR 2022)
Place of Publication	Stevenage, UK
Publisher	IET digital library
Pages	14-19
Number of pages	6
ISBN (Electronic)	9781839537776
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.2284
Publication status	Published - 7 Feb 2023
Event	International Conference on Radar Systems (RADAR 2022), IET - Edinburgh, United Kingdom Duration: 24 Oct 2022 → 27 Oct 2022 https://radar2022.theiet.org/

Conference

Conference	International Conference on Radar Systems (RADAR 2022), IET
Abbreviated title	RADAR 2022
Country/Territory	United Kingdom
City	Edinburgh
Period	24/10/22 → 27/10/22
Internet address	https://radar2022.theiet.org/

Keywords

Millimetre wave radar
Radar imaging
Radar cross-sections
Doppler radar
Remote sensing by radar

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1049/icp.2022.2284

IET_RADAR_2022_final_submission
Copyright © 2023 IEEE. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the author created accepted manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.2284.
Accepted author manuscript, 1.33 MB

Cite this

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title = "Millimetre wave radar signatures of sea lions",

abstract = "This study reports the millimetre wave radar signatures of sea lions collected from three animals in the outdoor seal pool available at the Sea Mammal Research Unit in St Andrews in the Autumn of 2021. The objective is to study the radar signatures of the animals when their full body or part thereof is above water. The data was collected using a 77 GHz Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar with linear polarisation. Both Horizontal-Horizontal (HH) and Vertical-Vertical (VV) polarisation data have been stored and analysed. It has been demonstrated that the sea lions were very clearly detected by the radar with SNR greater than 30 dB at a range of 40 m. The calculated radar cross section (RCS) of the sea lions in HH polarisation varies from −50 to −19 dBsm (modal) and −28 to −2 dBsm (maximum), corresponding to the different body parts and the amount of exposure to the radar beam. In VV polarisation, the modal RCS value range is from −47 to −25 dBsm and the maximum RCS varies from −26 to −15 dBsm. It is also shown that the recorded Doppler features have the potential for target classification, essential for autonomous operation of marine vessels.",

keywords = "Millimetre wave radar, Radar imaging, Radar cross-sections, Doppler radar, Remote sensing by radar",

author = "Samiur Rahman and Vattulainen, {Aleksanteri Benjamin} and Robertson, {Duncan A.} and Ryan Milne",

note = "Funding: This work was supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under grant EP/S032851/1. ; International Conference on Radar Systems (RADAR 2022), IET, RADAR 2022 ; Conference date: 24-10-2022 Through 27-10-2022",

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doi = "10.1049/icp.2022.2284",

language = "English",

pages = "14--19",

booktitle = "International conference on radar systems (RADAR 2022)",

publisher = "IET digital library",

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T1 - Millimetre wave radar signatures of sea lions

AU - Rahman, Samiur

AU - Vattulainen, Aleksanteri Benjamin

AU - Robertson, Duncan A.

AU - Milne, Ryan

N1 - Funding: This work was supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under grant EP/S032851/1.

PY - 2023/2/7

Y1 - 2023/2/7

N2 - This study reports the millimetre wave radar signatures of sea lions collected from three animals in the outdoor seal pool available at the Sea Mammal Research Unit in St Andrews in the Autumn of 2021. The objective is to study the radar signatures of the animals when their full body or part thereof is above water. The data was collected using a 77 GHz Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar with linear polarisation. Both Horizontal-Horizontal (HH) and Vertical-Vertical (VV) polarisation data have been stored and analysed. It has been demonstrated that the sea lions were very clearly detected by the radar with SNR greater than 30 dB at a range of 40 m. The calculated radar cross section (RCS) of the sea lions in HH polarisation varies from −50 to −19 dBsm (modal) and −28 to −2 dBsm (maximum), corresponding to the different body parts and the amount of exposure to the radar beam. In VV polarisation, the modal RCS value range is from −47 to −25 dBsm and the maximum RCS varies from −26 to −15 dBsm. It is also shown that the recorded Doppler features have the potential for target classification, essential for autonomous operation of marine vessels.

AB - This study reports the millimetre wave radar signatures of sea lions collected from three animals in the outdoor seal pool available at the Sea Mammal Research Unit in St Andrews in the Autumn of 2021. The objective is to study the radar signatures of the animals when their full body or part thereof is above water. The data was collected using a 77 GHz Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar with linear polarisation. Both Horizontal-Horizontal (HH) and Vertical-Vertical (VV) polarisation data have been stored and analysed. It has been demonstrated that the sea lions were very clearly detected by the radar with SNR greater than 30 dB at a range of 40 m. The calculated radar cross section (RCS) of the sea lions in HH polarisation varies from −50 to −19 dBsm (modal) and −28 to −2 dBsm (maximum), corresponding to the different body parts and the amount of exposure to the radar beam. In VV polarisation, the modal RCS value range is from −47 to −25 dBsm and the maximum RCS varies from −26 to −15 dBsm. It is also shown that the recorded Doppler features have the potential for target classification, essential for autonomous operation of marine vessels.

KW - Millimetre wave radar

KW - Radar imaging

KW - Radar cross-sections

KW - Doppler radar

KW - Remote sensing by radar

UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/conhome/10038862/proceeding

UR - https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/icp.2022.2284

U2 - 10.1049/icp.2022.2284

DO - 10.1049/icp.2022.2284

M3 - Conference contribution

SP - 14

EP - 19

BT - International conference on radar systems (RADAR 2022)

PB - IET digital library

CY - Stevenage, UK

T2 - International Conference on Radar Systems (RADAR 2022), IET

Y2 - 24 October 2022 through 27 October 2022

ER -

Millimetre wave radar signatures of sea lions

Abstract

Conference

Keywords

UN SDGs

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Sub-THz Radar Sensing: Sub-THz Radar sensing of the Environment for future Autonomous Marine platforms - STREAM