Lies, Liberty, and the fall of the Stuarts: James Steuart's Commentary on Hume's History of England

Cailean Gallagher*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

This article presents a commentary by James Steuart on David Hume’s History of the Tudors, written in the early 1760s. In doing so, the article sketches new aspects of Steuart’s political and historical thought at a time when he was hopeful about returning to Scotland from his long continental exile, following his leading role in the 1745 Jacobite rising. After providing a short biographical context, it establishes that the text was written whilst Steuart was working on his Political Oeconomy, and when the ‘Marian controversy’ dominated Scottish historical debate. It goes on to explore the influence of Steuart’s friend Mary Wortley Montagu on his criticism of Hume’s misogynistic representation of Mary, Queen of Scots. It then reconstructs Steuart’s central argument about the failures of monarchs to adapt from feudal to commercial society, resulting in untrammelled liberties that harmed the lower classes. Concerned with the history of industry and commerce, political judgment, and the spirit of the people, Steuart’s hitherto unpublished commentary is a key source for understanding the ‘late Jacobite’ system of thought which influenced the reign of George III and inspired radicals later in the century.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)438-457
Number of pages20
JournalHistory of European Ideas
Volume46
Issue number4
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 18 May 2020

Keywords

  • commerce
  • David Hume
  • feudalism
  • Jacobites
  • James Steuart
  • liberty
  • Mary
  • Mary Wortley Montagu
  • Monarchy
  • political economy
  • political judgment
  • Queen of Scots
  • Scottish Enlightenment
  • Scottish political thought
  • Scottish reformation

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