Lens parameters for Gaia18cbf: a long gravitational microlensing event in the Galactic plane

Katarzyna Kruszyńska; Ł. Wyrzykowski; K. A. Rybicki; M. Maskoliūnas; E. Bachelet; N. Rattenbury; P. Mróz; P. Zieliński; K. Howil; Z. Kaczmarek; S. T. Hodgkin; N. Ihanec; I. Gezer; M. Gromadzki; P. Mikołajczyk; A. Stankevičiūtė; V. Čepas; E. Pakštienė; K. Šiškauskaitė; J. Zdanavičius; V. Bozza; M. Dominik; R. Figuera Jaimes; A. Fukui; M. Hundertmark; N. Narita; R. Street; Y. Tsapras; M. Bronikowski; M. Jabłońska; A. Jabłonowska; O. Ziółkowska

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142602

Lens parameters for Gaia18cbf: a long gravitational microlensing event in the Galactic plane

Katarzyna Kruszyńska^*, Ł. Wyrzykowski, K. A. Rybicki, M. Maskoliūnas, E. Bachelet, N. Rattenbury, P. Mróz, P. Zieliński, K. Howil, Z. Kaczmarek, S. T. Hodgkin, N. Ihanec, I. Gezer, M. Gromadzki, P. Mikołajczyk, A. Stankevičiūtė, V. Čepas, E. Pakštienė, K. Šiškauskaitė, J. ZdanavičiusV. Bozza, M. Dominik, R. Figuera Jaimes, A. Fukui, M. Hundertmark, N. Narita, R. Street, Y. Tsapras, M. Bronikowski, M. Jabłońska, A. Jabłonowska, O. Ziółkowska

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Context: The timescale of a microlensing event scales as a square root of a lens mass. Therefore, long-lasting events are important candidates for massive lenses, including black holes. Aims: Here, we present the analysis of the Gaia18cbf microlensing event reported by the Gaia Science Alerts system. It exhibited a long timescale and features that are common for the annual microlensing parallax effect. We deduce the parameters of the lens based on the derived best fitting model. Methods: We used photometric data collected by the Gaia satellite as well as the follow-up data gathered by the ground-based observatories. We investigated the range of microlensing models and used them to derive the most probable mass and distance to the lens using a Galactic model as a prior. Using known mass-brightness relation we determined how likely it is that the lens is a main-sequence (MS) star. Results: This event is one of the longest ever detected, with the Einstein timescale of t_E=491.41^+128.31_-84.94days for the best solution and t_E=453.74^+178.69_-105.74 days for the second-best. Assuming Galaxy priors, this translates to the most probable lens mass of M_L = 2.65^+5.09_-1.48 M⊙ and M_L = 1.71^+3.78_-1.06 M⊙, respectively. The limits on the blended light suggest that this event was most likely not caused by a MS star, but rather by a dark remnant of stellar evolution.

Original language	English
Article number	A59
Number of pages	12
Journal	Astronomy & Astrophysics
Volume	662
Early online date	14 Jun 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142602
Publication status	Published - 30 Jun 2022

Keywords

Gravitational lensing: micro
Techniques: photometric
White dwarfs
Stars: neutron
Stars: black holes

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10.1051/0004-6361/202142602

Kruszyńska-2022-Lens-parameters-for-Gaia18cbf-A&A-AAM
Copyright © 2022 ESO. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the author created accepted manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142602.
Accepted author manuscript, 9.76 MBLicence: CC BY

OPTICON - H2020: H2020 OPTICON
Dominik, M. (PI)
European Commission
1/01/17 → 31/12/20
Project: Standard

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Kruszyńska, K., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Rybicki, K. A., Maskoliūnas, M., Bachelet, E., Rattenbury, N., Mróz, P., Zieliński, P., Howil, K., Kaczmarek, Z., Hodgkin, S. T., Ihanec, N., Gezer, I., Gromadzki, M., Mikołajczyk, P., Stankevičiūtė, A., Čepas, V., Pakštienė, E., Šiškauskaitė, K., ... Ziółkowska, O. (2022). Lens parameters for Gaia18cbf: a long gravitational microlensing event in the Galactic plane. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 662, Article A59. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142602

@article{dd89bae217d747faaab8925c865cc540,

title = "Lens parameters for Gaia18cbf: a long gravitational microlensing event in the Galactic plane",

abstract = "Context: The timescale of a microlensing event scales as a square root of a lens mass. Therefore, long-lasting events are important candidates for massive lenses, including black holes. Aims: Here, we present the analysis of the Gaia18cbf microlensing event reported by the Gaia Science Alerts system. It exhibited a long timescale and features that are common for the annual microlensing parallax effect. We deduce the parameters of the lens based on the derived best fitting model. Methods: We used photometric data collected by the Gaia satellite as well as the follow-up data gathered by the ground-based observatories. We investigated the range of microlensing models and used them to derive the most probable mass and distance to the lens using a Galactic model as a prior. Using known mass-brightness relation we determined how likely it is that the lens is a main-sequence (MS) star. Results: This event is one of the longest ever detected, with the Einstein timescale of tE=491.41+128.31-84.94 days for the best solution and tE=453.74+178.69-105.74 days for the second-best. Assuming Galaxy priors, this translates to the most probable lens mass of ML = 2.65+5.09-1.48 M⊙ and ML = 1.71+3.78-1.06 M⊙, respectively. The limits on the blended light suggest that this event was most likely not caused by a MS star, but rather by a dark remnant of stellar evolution.",

keywords = "Gravitational lensing: micro, Techniques: photometric, White dwarfs, Stars: neutron, Stars: black holes",

author = "Katarzyna Kruszy{\'n}ska and {\L}. Wyrzykowski and Rybicki, {K. A.} and M. Maskoliūnas and E. Bachelet and N. Rattenbury and P. Mr{\'o}z and P. Zieli{\'n}ski and K. Howil and Z. Kaczmarek and Hodgkin, {S. T.} and N. Ihanec and I. Gezer and M. Gromadzki and P. Miko{\l}ajczyk and A. Stankevi{\v c}iūtė and V. {\v C}epas and E. Pak{\v s}tienė and K. {\v S}i{\v s}kauskaitė and J. Zdanavi{\v c}ius and V. Bozza and M. Dominik and {Figuera Jaimes}, R. and A. Fukui and M. Hundertmark and N. Narita and R. Street and Y. Tsapras and M. Bronikowski and M. Jab{\l}o{\'n}ska and A. Jab{\l}onowska and O. Zi{\'o}{\l}kowska",

note = "Funding: This work was supported from the Polish NCN grants: Harmonia No. 2018/30/M/ST9/00311, Daina No. 2017/27/L/ST9/03221, MNiSW grant DIR/WK/2018/12 and NCBiR grant within POWER program nr POWR.03.02.00-00-l001/16-00. We acknowledge Research Council of Lithuania grant No S-LL-19-2 and European Commission{\textquoteright}s H2020 OPTICON grant No. 730890 as well as OPTICON RadioNet Pilot grant No. 101004719. YT acknowledges the support of DFG priority program SPP 1992 “Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets” (TS 356/3-1). This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP18H05439, and the Astrobiology Center of National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) (Grant Number AB031010).",

year = "2022",

month = jun,

day = "30",

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/202142602",

language = "English",

volume = "662",

journal = "Astronomy & Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

publisher = "EDP SCIENCES S A",

}

Kruszyńska, K, Wyrzykowski, Ł, Rybicki, KA, Maskoliūnas, M, Bachelet, E, Rattenbury, N, Mróz, P, Zieliński, P, Howil, K, Kaczmarek, Z, Hodgkin, ST, Ihanec, N, Gezer, I, Gromadzki, M, Mikołajczyk, P, Stankevičiūtė, A, Čepas, V, Pakštienė, E, Šiškauskaitė, K, Zdanavičius, J, Bozza, V, Dominik, M, Figuera Jaimes, R, Fukui, A, Hundertmark, M, Narita, N, Street, R, Tsapras, Y, Bronikowski, M, Jabłońska, M, Jabłonowska, A & Ziółkowska, O 2022, 'Lens parameters for Gaia18cbf: a long gravitational microlensing event in the Galactic plane', Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 662, A59. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142602

TY - JOUR

T1 - Lens parameters for Gaia18cbf

T2 - a long gravitational microlensing event in the Galactic plane

AU - Kruszyńska, Katarzyna

AU - Wyrzykowski, Ł.

AU - Rybicki, K. A.

AU - Maskoliūnas, M.

AU - Bachelet, E.

AU - Rattenbury, N.

AU - Mróz, P.

AU - Zieliński, P.

AU - Howil, K.

AU - Kaczmarek, Z.

AU - Hodgkin, S. T.

AU - Ihanec, N.

AU - Gezer, I.

AU - Gromadzki, M.

AU - Mikołajczyk, P.

AU - Stankevičiūtė, A.

AU - Čepas, V.

AU - Pakštienė, E.

AU - Šiškauskaitė, K.

AU - Zdanavičius, J.

AU - Bozza, V.

AU - Dominik, M.

AU - Figuera Jaimes, R.

AU - Fukui, A.

AU - Hundertmark, M.

AU - Narita, N.

AU - Street, R.

AU - Tsapras, Y.

AU - Bronikowski, M.

AU - Jabłońska, M.

AU - Jabłonowska, A.

AU - Ziółkowska, O.

N1 - Funding: This work was supported from the Polish NCN grants: Harmonia No. 2018/30/M/ST9/00311, Daina No. 2017/27/L/ST9/03221, MNiSW grant DIR/WK/2018/12 and NCBiR grant within POWER program nr POWR.03.02.00-00-l001/16-00. We acknowledge Research Council of Lithuania grant No S-LL-19-2 and European Commission’s H2020 OPTICON grant No. 730890 as well as OPTICON RadioNet Pilot grant No. 101004719. YT acknowledges the support of DFG priority program SPP 1992 “Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets” (TS 356/3-1). This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP18H05439, and the Astrobiology Center of National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) (Grant Number AB031010).

PY - 2022/6/30

Y1 - 2022/6/30

N2 - Context: The timescale of a microlensing event scales as a square root of a lens mass. Therefore, long-lasting events are important candidates for massive lenses, including black holes. Aims: Here, we present the analysis of the Gaia18cbf microlensing event reported by the Gaia Science Alerts system. It exhibited a long timescale and features that are common for the annual microlensing parallax effect. We deduce the parameters of the lens based on the derived best fitting model. Methods: We used photometric data collected by the Gaia satellite as well as the follow-up data gathered by the ground-based observatories. We investigated the range of microlensing models and used them to derive the most probable mass and distance to the lens using a Galactic model as a prior. Using known mass-brightness relation we determined how likely it is that the lens is a main-sequence (MS) star. Results: This event is one of the longest ever detected, with the Einstein timescale of tE=491.41+128.31-84.94 days for the best solution and tE=453.74+178.69-105.74 days for the second-best. Assuming Galaxy priors, this translates to the most probable lens mass of ML = 2.65+5.09-1.48 M⊙ and ML = 1.71+3.78-1.06 M⊙, respectively. The limits on the blended light suggest that this event was most likely not caused by a MS star, but rather by a dark remnant of stellar evolution.

AB - Context: The timescale of a microlensing event scales as a square root of a lens mass. Therefore, long-lasting events are important candidates for massive lenses, including black holes. Aims: Here, we present the analysis of the Gaia18cbf microlensing event reported by the Gaia Science Alerts system. It exhibited a long timescale and features that are common for the annual microlensing parallax effect. We deduce the parameters of the lens based on the derived best fitting model. Methods: We used photometric data collected by the Gaia satellite as well as the follow-up data gathered by the ground-based observatories. We investigated the range of microlensing models and used them to derive the most probable mass and distance to the lens using a Galactic model as a prior. Using known mass-brightness relation we determined how likely it is that the lens is a main-sequence (MS) star. Results: This event is one of the longest ever detected, with the Einstein timescale of tE=491.41+128.31-84.94 days for the best solution and tE=453.74+178.69-105.74 days for the second-best. Assuming Galaxy priors, this translates to the most probable lens mass of ML = 2.65+5.09-1.48 M⊙ and ML = 1.71+3.78-1.06 M⊙, respectively. The limits on the blended light suggest that this event was most likely not caused by a MS star, but rather by a dark remnant of stellar evolution.

KW - Gravitational lensing: micro

KW - Techniques: photometric

KW - White dwarfs

KW - Stars: neutron

KW - Stars: black holes

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202142602

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202142602

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 662

JO - Astronomy & Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy & Astrophysics

M1 - A59

ER -

Lens parameters for Gaia18cbf: a long gravitational microlensing event in the Galactic plane

Abstract

Keywords

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