K2-111: an old system with two planets in near-resonance

A Mortier; M R Zapatero Osorio; L Malavolta; Y Alibert; K Rice; J Lillo-Box; A Vanderburg; M Oshagh; L Buchhave; V Adibekyan; E Delgado Mena; M Lopez-Morales; D Charbonneau; S G Sousa; C Lovis; L Affer; C Allende Prieto; S C C Barros; S Benatti; A S Bonomo; W Boschin; F Bouchy; A Cabral; A Collier Cameron; R Cosentino; S Cristiani; O D S Demangeon; P Di Marcantonio; V D’Odorico; X Dumusque; D Ehrenreich; P Figueira; A Fiorenzano; A Ghedina; J I González Hernández; J Haldemann; A Harutyunyan; R D Haywood; D W Latham; B Lavie; G Lo Curto; J Maldonado; A Manescau; C J A P Martins; M Mayor; D Mégevand; A Mehner; G Micela; P Molaro; E Molinari; N J Nunes; F A Pepe; E Palle; D Phillips; G Piotto; M Pinamonti; E Poretti; M Riva; R Rebolo; N C Santos; D Sasselov; A Sozzetti; A Suárez Mascareño; S Udry; R G West; C A Watson; T G Wilson

doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3144

K2-111: an old system with two planets in near-resonance

A Mortier, M R Zapatero Osorio, L Malavolta, Y Alibert, K Rice, J Lillo-Box, A Vanderburg, M Oshagh, L Buchhave, V Adibekyan, E Delgado Mena, M Lopez-Morales, D Charbonneau, S G Sousa, C Lovis, L Affer, C Allende Prieto, S C C Barros, S Benatti, A S BonomoW Boschin, F Bouchy, A Cabral, A Collier Cameron, R Cosentino, S Cristiani, O D S Demangeon, P Di Marcantonio, V D’Odorico, X Dumusque, D Ehrenreich, P Figueira, A Fiorenzano, A Ghedina, J I González Hernández, J Haldemann, A Harutyunyan, R D Haywood, D W Latham, B Lavie, G Lo Curto, J Maldonado, A Manescau, C J A P Martins, M Mayor, D Mégevand, A Mehner, G Micela, P Molaro, E Molinari, N J Nunes, F A Pepe, E Palle, D Phillips, G Piotto, M Pinamonti, E Poretti, M Riva, R Rebolo, N C Santos, D Sasselov, A Sozzetti, A Suárez Mascareño, S Udry, R G West, C A Watson, T G Wilson

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

This paper reports on the detailed characterization of the K2-111 planetary system with K2, WASP, and ASAS-SN photometry, as well as high-resolution spectroscopic data from HARPS-N and ESPRESSO. The host, K2-111, is confirmed to be a mildly evolved (log g = 4.17), iron-poor ([Fe/H] = −0.46), but alpha-enhanced ([α/Fe]=0.27), chromospherically quiet, very old thick disc G2 star. A global fit, performed by using PyORBIT, shows that the transiting planet, K2-111 b, orbits with a period P_b = 5.3518 ± 0.0004 d and has a planet radius of 1.82+0.11−0.091.82−0.09+0.11 R_⊕ and a mass of 5.29+0.76−0.775.29−0.77+0.76 M_⊕, resulting in a bulk density slightly lower than that of the Earth. The stellar chemical composition and the planet properties are consistent with K2-111 b being a terrestrial planet with an iron core mass fraction lower than the Earth. We announce the existence of a second signal in the radial velocity data that we attribute to a non-transiting planet, K2-111 c, with an orbital period of 15.6785 ± 0.0064 d, orbiting in near-3:1 mean motion resonance with the transiting planet, and a minimum planet mass of 11.3 ± 1.1 M_⊕. Both planet signals are independently detected in the HARPS-N and ESPRESSO data when fitted separately. There are potentially more planets in this resonant system, but more well-sampled data are required to confirm their presence and physical parameters.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	5004-5021
Number of pages	18
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	499
Issue number	4
Early online date	27 Oct 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3144
Publication status	Published - Dec 2020

Keywords

Techniques: photometric
Techniques: radial velocities
Techniques: spectroscopic
Planets and satellites: detection
Stars: individual (K2-111)

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10.1093/mnras/staa3144

Mortier_2020_MNRAS_K2-111
Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the final published version of the work, which was originally published at https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3144.
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Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021: Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021
Jardine, M. M. (PI), Bonnell, I. A. (CoI), Cameron, A. C. (CoI), Cyganowski, C. J. (CoI), Dominik, M. (CoI), Helling, C. (CoI), Horne, K. D. (CoI), Scholz, A. (CoI), Tojeiro, R. (CoI), Weijmans, A.-M. (CoI), Wild, V. (CoI), Woitke, P. (CoI), Wood, K. (CoI) & Zhao, H. (CoI)
1/04/18 → 31/03/22
Project: Standard

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Mortier, A., Zapatero Osorio, M. R., Malavolta, L., Alibert, Y., Rice, K., Lillo-Box, J., Vanderburg, A., Oshagh, M., Buchhave, L., Adibekyan, V., Delgado Mena, E., Lopez-Morales, M., Charbonneau, D., Sousa, S. G., Lovis, C., Affer, L., Allende Prieto, C., Barros, S. C. C., Benatti, S., ... Wilson, T. G. (2020). K2-111: an old system with two planets in near-resonance. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 499(4), 5004-5021. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3144

@article{3b30e5d1d7094c3f8f2b6e59c77f34f3,

title = "K2-111: an old system with two planets in near-resonance",

abstract = "This paper reports on the detailed characterization of the K2-111 planetary system with K2, WASP, and ASAS-SN photometry, as well as high-resolution spectroscopic data from HARPS-N and ESPRESSO. The host, K2-111, is confirmed to be a mildly evolved (log g = 4.17), iron-poor ([Fe/H] = −0.46), but alpha-enhanced ([α/Fe]=0.27), chromospherically quiet, very old thick disc G2 star. A global fit, performed by using PyORBIT, shows that the transiting planet, K2-111 b, orbits with a period Pb = 5.3518 ± 0.0004 d and has a planet radius of 1.82+0.11−0.091.82−0.09+0.11 R⊕ and a mass of 5.29+0.76−0.775.29−0.77+0.76 M⊕, resulting in a bulk density slightly lower than that of the Earth. The stellar chemical composition and the planet properties are consistent with K2-111 b being a terrestrial planet with an iron core mass fraction lower than the Earth. We announce the existence of a second signal in the radial velocity data that we attribute to a non-transiting planet, K2-111 c, with an orbital period of 15.6785 ± 0.0064 d, orbiting in near-3:1 mean motion resonance with the transiting planet, and a minimum planet mass of 11.3 ± 1.1 M⊕. Both planet signals are independently detected in the HARPS-N and ESPRESSO data when fitted separately. There are potentially more planets in this resonant system, but more well-sampled data are required to confirm their presence and physical parameters.",

keywords = "Techniques: photometric, Techniques: radial velocities, Techniques: spectroscopic, Planets and satellites: detection, Stars: individual (K2-111)",

author = "A Mortier and Zapatero Osorio, {M R} and L Malavolta and Y Alibert and K Rice and J Lillo-Box and A Vanderburg and M Oshagh and L Buchhave and V Adibekyan and E Delgado Mena and M Lopez-Morales and D Charbonneau and Sousa, {S G} and C Lovis and L Affer and C Allende Prieto and Barros, {S C C} and S Benatti and Bonomo, {A S} and W Boschin and F Bouchy and A Cabral and A Collier Cameron and R Cosentino and S Cristiani and Demangeon, {O D S} and P Di Marcantonio and V D{\textquoteright}Odorico and X Dumusque and D Ehrenreich and P Figueira and A Fiorenzano and A Ghedina and Gonz{\'a}lez Hern{\'a}ndez, {J I} and J Haldemann and A Harutyunyan and Haywood, {R D} and Latham, {D W} and B Lavie and G Lo Curto and J Maldonado and A Manescau and Martins, {C J A P} and M Mayor and D M{\'e}gevand and A Mehner and G Micela and P Molaro and E Molinari and Nunes, {N J} and Pepe, {F A} and E Palle and D Phillips and G Piotto and M Pinamonti and E Poretti and M Riva and R Rebolo and Santos, {N C} and D Sasselov and A Sozzetti and A Su{\'a}rez Mascare{\~n}o and S Udry and West, {R G} and Watson, {C A} and Wilson, {T G}",

note = "ACC acknowledges support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) consolidated grant number ST/R000824/1. CAW would like to acknowledge support from UK STFC grant ST/P000312/1. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (project FOUR ACES; grant agreement no. 724427).",

year = "2020",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1093/mnras/staa3144",

language = "English",

volume = "499",

pages = "5004--5021",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "4",

}

Mortier, A, Zapatero Osorio, MR, Malavolta, L, Alibert, Y, Rice, K, Lillo-Box, J, Vanderburg, A, Oshagh, M, Buchhave, L, Adibekyan, V, Delgado Mena, E, Lopez-Morales, M, Charbonneau, D, Sousa, SG, Lovis, C, Affer, L, Allende Prieto, C, Barros, SCC, Benatti, S, Bonomo, AS, Boschin, W, Bouchy, F, Cabral, A, Collier Cameron, A, Cosentino, R, Cristiani, S, Demangeon, ODS, Di Marcantonio, P, D’Odorico, V, Dumusque, X, Ehrenreich, D, Figueira, P, Fiorenzano, A, Ghedina, A, González Hernández, JI, Haldemann, J, Harutyunyan, A, Haywood, RD, Latham, DW, Lavie, B, Lo Curto, G, Maldonado, J, Manescau, A, Martins, CJAP, Mayor, M, Mégevand, D, Mehner, A, Micela, G, Molaro, P, Molinari, E, Nunes, NJ, Pepe, FA, Palle, E, Phillips, D, Piotto, G, Pinamonti, M, Poretti, E, Riva, M, Rebolo, R, Santos, NC, Sasselov, D, Sozzetti, A, Suárez Mascareño, A, Udry, S, West, RG, Watson, CA & Wilson, TG 2020, 'K2-111: an old system with two planets in near-resonance', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 499, no. 4, pp. 5004-5021. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3144

TY - JOUR

T1 - K2-111

T2 - an old system with two planets in near-resonance

AU - Mortier, A

AU - Zapatero Osorio, M R

AU - Malavolta, L

AU - Alibert, Y

AU - Rice, K

AU - Lillo-Box, J

AU - Vanderburg, A

AU - Oshagh, M

AU - Buchhave, L

AU - Adibekyan, V

AU - Delgado Mena, E

AU - Lopez-Morales, M

AU - Charbonneau, D

AU - Sousa, S G

AU - Lovis, C

AU - Affer, L

AU - Allende Prieto, C

AU - Barros, S C C

AU - Benatti, S

AU - Bonomo, A S

AU - Boschin, W

AU - Bouchy, F

AU - Cabral, A

AU - Collier Cameron, A

AU - Cosentino, R

AU - Cristiani, S

AU - Demangeon, O D S

AU - Di Marcantonio, P

AU - D’Odorico, V

AU - Dumusque, X

AU - Ehrenreich, D

AU - Figueira, P

AU - Fiorenzano, A

AU - Ghedina, A

AU - González Hernández, J I

AU - Haldemann, J

AU - Harutyunyan, A

AU - Haywood, R D

AU - Latham, D W

AU - Lavie, B

AU - Lo Curto, G

AU - Maldonado, J

AU - Manescau, A

AU - Martins, C J A P

AU - Mayor, M

AU - Mégevand, D

AU - Mehner, A

AU - Micela, G

AU - Molaro, P

AU - Molinari, E

AU - Nunes, N J

AU - Pepe, F A

AU - Palle, E

AU - Phillips, D

AU - Piotto, G

AU - Pinamonti, M

AU - Poretti, E

AU - Riva, M

AU - Rebolo, R

AU - Santos, N C

AU - Sasselov, D

AU - Sozzetti, A

AU - Suárez Mascareño, A

AU - Udry, S

AU - West, R G

AU - Watson, C A

AU - Wilson, T G

N1 - ACC acknowledges support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) consolidated grant number ST/R000824/1. CAW would like to acknowledge support from UK STFC grant ST/P000312/1. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (project FOUR ACES; grant agreement no. 724427).

PY - 2020/12

Y1 - 2020/12

N2 - This paper reports on the detailed characterization of the K2-111 planetary system with K2, WASP, and ASAS-SN photometry, as well as high-resolution spectroscopic data from HARPS-N and ESPRESSO. The host, K2-111, is confirmed to be a mildly evolved (log g = 4.17), iron-poor ([Fe/H] = −0.46), but alpha-enhanced ([α/Fe]=0.27), chromospherically quiet, very old thick disc G2 star. A global fit, performed by using PyORBIT, shows that the transiting planet, K2-111 b, orbits with a period Pb = 5.3518 ± 0.0004 d and has a planet radius of 1.82+0.11−0.091.82−0.09+0.11 R⊕ and a mass of 5.29+0.76−0.775.29−0.77+0.76 M⊕, resulting in a bulk density slightly lower than that of the Earth. The stellar chemical composition and the planet properties are consistent with K2-111 b being a terrestrial planet with an iron core mass fraction lower than the Earth. We announce the existence of a second signal in the radial velocity data that we attribute to a non-transiting planet, K2-111 c, with an orbital period of 15.6785 ± 0.0064 d, orbiting in near-3:1 mean motion resonance with the transiting planet, and a minimum planet mass of 11.3 ± 1.1 M⊕. Both planet signals are independently detected in the HARPS-N and ESPRESSO data when fitted separately. There are potentially more planets in this resonant system, but more well-sampled data are required to confirm their presence and physical parameters.

AB - This paper reports on the detailed characterization of the K2-111 planetary system with K2, WASP, and ASAS-SN photometry, as well as high-resolution spectroscopic data from HARPS-N and ESPRESSO. The host, K2-111, is confirmed to be a mildly evolved (log g = 4.17), iron-poor ([Fe/H] = −0.46), but alpha-enhanced ([α/Fe]=0.27), chromospherically quiet, very old thick disc G2 star. A global fit, performed by using PyORBIT, shows that the transiting planet, K2-111 b, orbits with a period Pb = 5.3518 ± 0.0004 d and has a planet radius of 1.82+0.11−0.091.82−0.09+0.11 R⊕ and a mass of 5.29+0.76−0.775.29−0.77+0.76 M⊕, resulting in a bulk density slightly lower than that of the Earth. The stellar chemical composition and the planet properties are consistent with K2-111 b being a terrestrial planet with an iron core mass fraction lower than the Earth. We announce the existence of a second signal in the radial velocity data that we attribute to a non-transiting planet, K2-111 c, with an orbital period of 15.6785 ± 0.0064 d, orbiting in near-3:1 mean motion resonance with the transiting planet, and a minimum planet mass of 11.3 ± 1.1 M⊕. Both planet signals are independently detected in the HARPS-N and ESPRESSO data when fitted separately. There are potentially more planets in this resonant system, but more well-sampled data are required to confirm their presence and physical parameters.

KW - Techniques: photometric

KW - Techniques: radial velocities

KW - Techniques: spectroscopic

KW - Planets and satellites: detection

KW - Stars: individual (K2-111)

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/staa3144

DO - 10.1093/mnras/staa3144

M3 - Article

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 499

SP - 5004

EP - 5021

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 4

ER -

K2-111: an old system with two planets in near-resonance

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Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021: Astronomy at St Andrews 2018-2021

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