Is (poly-) substance use associated with impaired inhibitory control? A mega-analysis controlling for confounders

Yang Liu, Wery P.M. van den Wildenberg, Ysanne de Graaf, Susan L. Ames, Alexander Baldacchino, Ragnhild Bø, Fernando Cadaveira, Salvatore Campanella, Paul Christiansen, Eric D. Claus, Lorenzo S. Colzato, Francesca M. Filbey, John J. Foxe, Hugh Garavan, Christian S. Hendershot, Robert Hester, Jennifer M. Jester, Hollis C. Karoly, Anja Kräplin, Fanny KreuschNils Inge Landrø, Marianne Littel, Sabine Steins-Löber, Edythe D. London, Eduardo López-Caneda, Dan I. Lubman, Maartje Luijten, Cecile A. Marczinski, Jane Metrik, Catharine Montgomery, Harilaos Papachristou, Su Mi Park, Andres L. Paz, Géraldine Petit, James J. Prisciandaro, Boris B. Quednow, Lara A. Ray, Carl A. Roberts, Gloria M.P. Roberts, Michael B. de Ruiter, Claudia I. Rupp, Vaughn R. Steele, Delin Sun, Michael Takagi, Susan F. Tapert, Ruth J. van Holst, Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, Matthias Vonmoos, Marcin Wojnar, Yuanwei Yao, Murat Yücel, Martin Zack, Robert A. Zucker, Hilda M. Huizenga, Reinout W. Wiers

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Many studies have reported that heavy substance use is associated with impaired response inhibition. Studies typically focused on associations with a single substance, while polysubstance use is common. Further, most studies compared heavy users with light/non-users, though substance use occurs along a continuum. The current mega-analysis accounted for these issues by aggregating individual data from 43 studies (3610 adult participants) that used the Go/No-Go (GNG) or Stop-signal task (SST) to assess inhibition among mostly “recreational” substance users (i.e., the rate of substance use disorders was low). Main and interaction effects of substance use, demographics, and task-characteristics were entered in a linear mixed model. Contrary to many studies and reviews in the field, we found that only lifetime cannabis use was associated with impaired response inhibition in the SST. An interaction effect was also observed: the relationship between tobacco use and response inhibition (in the SST) differed between cannabis users and non-users, with a negative association between tobacco use and inhibition in the cannabis non-users. In addition, participants’ age, education level, and some task characteristics influenced inhibition outcomes. Overall, we found limited support for impaired inhibition among substance users when controlling for demographics and task-characteristics.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)288-304
JournalNeuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
Volume105
Early online date15 Jul 2019
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Oct 2019

Keywords

  • Polysubstance use
  • Response inhibition
  • Stop-signal task
  • Go/No-Go task
  • Mega-analysis

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