Invisible loot: maritime warfare and circulating objects in Hugo Grotius’ De Jure Praedae

This article offers a new reading of Hugo Grotius’s early treatise De Jure Praedae Commentarius (on the law of prize and booty; 1604-1606), approaching this text from the perspective of material culture. Commissioned by the Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) after Dutch seafarers confiscated the Portuguese carrack Santa Catarina and its cargo, Grotius’s text, this article proposes, deliberately obscures the ways the Dutch valued objects as trophies, loot, and spoils. Analysis of De Jure Praedae reveals that Grotius argues against the display of material wealth that the Dutch had acquired as loot, negatively associating it with the Portuguese and Spanish empires and instead propagating the invisible dispersal of the booty. In this way, De Jure Praedae, an early work by a major apologist of the VOC, rationalises the continuous circulation of objects at the service of Dutch empire-building. The article’s broader project is to speak to scholars of the global circulation of material culture and of empire alike to contribute to a history of how looted objects were conceived as key instruments in Dutch imperial expansion.