Identification of the top TESS objects of interest for atmospheric characterization of transiting exoplanets with JWST

Benjamin J. Hord; Eliza M.-R. Kempton; Thomas M. Evans-Soma; David W. Latham; David R. Ciardi; Diana Dragomir; Knicole D. Colón; Gabrielle Ross; Andrew Vanderburg; Zoe L. de Beurs; Karen A. Collins; Cristilyn N. Watkins; Jacob Bean; Nicolas B. Cowan; Tansu Daylan; Caroline V. Morley; Jegug Ih; David Baker; Khalid Barkaoui; Natalie M. Batalha; Aida Behmard; Alexander Belinski; Zouhair Benkhaldoun; Paul Benni; Krzysztof Bernacki; Allyson Bieryla; Avraham Binnenfeld; Pau Bosch-Cabot; François Bouchy; Valerio Bozza; Rafael Brahm; Lars A. Buchhave; Michael Calkins; Ashley Chontos; Catherine A. Clark; Ryan Cloutier; Marion Cointepas; Kevin I. Collins; Dennis M. Conti; Ian J. M. Crossfield; Fei Dai; Jerome P. de Leon; Georgina Dransfield; Courtney Dressing; Adam Dustor; Gilbert Esquerdo; Phil Evans; Sergio B. Fajardo-Acosta; Jerzy Fiołka; Raquel Forés-Toribio; Antonio Frasca; Akihiko Fukui; Benjamin Fulton; Elise Furlan; Tianjun Gan; Davide Gandolfi; Mourad Ghachoui; Steven Giacalone; Emily A. Gilbert; Michaël Gillon; Eric Girardin; Erica Gonzales; Ferran Grau Horta; Joao Gregorio; Michael Greklek-McKeon; Pere Guerra; J. D. Hartman; Coel Hellier; Ian Helm; Krzysztof G. Hełminiak; Thomas Henning; Michelle L. Hill; Keith Horne; Andrew W. Howard; Steve B. Howell; Daniel Huber; Giovanni Isopi; Emmanuel Jehin; Jon M. Jenkins; Eric L. N. Jensen; Marshall C. Johnson; Andrés Jordán; Stephen R. Kane; John F. Kielkopf; Vadim Krushinsky; Sławomir Lasota; Elena Lee; Pablo Lewin; John H. Livingston; Jack Lubin; Michael B. Lund; Franco Mallia; Christopher R. Mann; Giuseppi Marino; Nataliia Maslennikova; Bob Massey; Rachel Matson; Elisabeth Matthews; Andrew W. Mayo; Tsevi Mazeh; Kim K. McLeod; Edward J. Michaels; Teo Močnik; Mayuko Mori; Georgia Mraz; Jose A. Muñoz; Norio Narita; Krupa Natarajan; Louise Dyregaard Nielsen; Hugh Osborn; Enric Palle; Aviad Panahi; Riccardo Papini; Peter Plavchan; Alex S. Polanski; Adam Popowicz; Francisco J. Pozuelos; Samuel N. Quinn; Don J. Radford; Phillip A. Reed; Howard M. Relles; Malena Rice; Paul Robertson; Joseph E. Rodriguez; Lee J. Rosenthal; Ryan A. Rubenzahl; Nicole Schanche; Joshua Schlieder; Richard P. Schwarz; Ramotholo Sefako; Avi Shporer; Alessandro Sozzetti; Gregor Srdoc; Chris Stockdale; Alexander Tarasenkov; Thiam-Guan Tan; Mathilde Timmermans; Eric B. Ting; Judah Van Zandt; JP Vignes; Ian Waite; Noriharu Watanabe; Lauren M. Weiss; Justin Wittrock; George Zhou; Carl Ziegler; Shay Zucker

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad3068

Identification of the top TESS objects of interest for atmospheric characterization of transiting exoplanets with JWST

Benjamin J. Hord^*, Eliza M.-R. Kempton, Thomas M. Evans-Soma, David W. Latham, David R. Ciardi, Diana Dragomir, Knicole D. Colón, Gabrielle Ross, Andrew Vanderburg, Zoe L. de Beurs, Karen A. Collins, Cristilyn N. Watkins, Jacob Bean, Nicolas B. Cowan, Tansu Daylan, Caroline V. Morley, Jegug Ih, David Baker, Khalid Barkaoui, Natalie M. BatalhaAida Behmard, Alexander Belinski, Zouhair Benkhaldoun, Paul Benni, Krzysztof Bernacki, Allyson Bieryla, Avraham Binnenfeld, Pau Bosch-Cabot, François Bouchy, Valerio Bozza, Rafael Brahm, Lars A. Buchhave, Michael Calkins, Ashley Chontos, Catherine A. Clark, Ryan Cloutier, Marion Cointepas, Kevin I. Collins, Dennis M. Conti, Ian J. M. Crossfield, Fei Dai, Jerome P. de Leon, Georgina Dransfield, Courtney Dressing, Adam Dustor, Gilbert Esquerdo, Phil Evans, Sergio B. Fajardo-Acosta, Jerzy Fiołka, Raquel Forés-Toribio, Antonio Frasca, Akihiko Fukui, Benjamin Fulton, Elise Furlan, Tianjun Gan, Davide Gandolfi, Mourad Ghachoui, Steven Giacalone, Emily A. Gilbert, Michaël Gillon, Eric Girardin, Erica Gonzales, Ferran Grau Horta, Joao Gregorio, Michael Greklek-McKeon, Pere Guerra, J. D. Hartman, Coel Hellier, Ian Helm, Krzysztof G. Hełminiak, Thomas Henning, Michelle L. Hill, Keith Horne, Andrew W. Howard, Steve B. Howell, Daniel Huber, Giovanni Isopi, Emmanuel Jehin, Jon M. Jenkins, Eric L. N. Jensen, Marshall C. Johnson, Andrés Jordán, Stephen R. Kane, John F. Kielkopf, Vadim Krushinsky, Sławomir Lasota, Elena Lee, Pablo Lewin, John H. Livingston, Jack Lubin, Michael B. Lund, Franco Mallia, Christopher R. Mann, Giuseppi Marino, Nataliia Maslennikova, Bob Massey, Rachel Matson, Elisabeth Matthews, Andrew W. Mayo, Tsevi Mazeh, Kim K. McLeod, Edward J. Michaels, Teo Močnik, Mayuko Mori, Georgia Mraz, Jose A. Muñoz, Norio Narita, Krupa Natarajan, Louise Dyregaard Nielsen, Hugh Osborn, Enric Palle, Aviad Panahi, Riccardo Papini, Peter Plavchan, Alex S. Polanski, Adam Popowicz, Francisco J. Pozuelos, Samuel N. Quinn, Don J. Radford, Phillip A. Reed, Howard M. Relles, Malena Rice, Paul Robertson, Joseph E. Rodriguez, Lee J. Rosenthal, Ryan A. Rubenzahl, Nicole Schanche, Joshua Schlieder, Richard P. Schwarz, Ramotholo Sefako, Avi Shporer, Alessandro Sozzetti, Gregor Srdoc, Chris Stockdale, Alexander Tarasenkov, Thiam-Guan Tan, Mathilde Timmermans, Eric B. Ting, Judah Van Zandt, JP Vignes, Ian Waite, Noriharu Watanabe, Lauren M. Weiss, Justin Wittrock, George Zhou, Carl Ziegler, Shay Zucker

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

JWST has ushered in an era of unprecedented ability to characterize exoplanetary atmospheres. While there are over 5000 confirmed planets, more than 4000 Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) planet candidates are still unconfirmed and many of the best planets for atmospheric characterization may remain to be identified. We present a sample of TESS planets and planet candidates that we identify as “best-in-class” for transmission and emission spectroscopy with JWST. These targets are sorted into bins across equilibrium temperature Teq and planetary radius R_p and are ranked by a transmission and an emission spectroscopy metric (TSM and ESM, respectively) within each bin. We perform cuts for expected signal size and stellar brightness to remove suboptimal targets for JWST. Of the 194 targets in the resulting sample, 103 are unconfirmed TESS planet candidates, also known as TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs). We perform vetting and statistical validation analyses on these 103 targets to determine which are likely planets and which are likely false positives, incorporating ground-based follow-up from the TESS Follow-up Observation Program to aid the vetting and validation process. We statistically validate 18 TOIs, marginally validate 31 TOIs to varying levels of confidence, deem 29 TOIs likely false positives, and leave the dispositions for four TOIs as inconclusive. Twenty-one of the 103 TOIs were confirmed independently over the course of our analysis. We intend for this work to serve as a community resource and motivate formal confirmation and mass measurements of each validated planet. We encourage more detailed analysis of individual targets by the community.

Original language	English
Article number	233
Number of pages	33
Journal	Astronomical Journal
Volume	167
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad3068
Publication status	Published - 23 Apr 2024

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Identification of the top TESS objects of interest for atmospheric characterization of transiting exoplanets with JWST
Hord, B. J., Kempton, E. M.-R., Mikal-Evans, T., Latham, D. W., Ciardi, D. R., Dragomir, D., Colón, K. D., Ross, G., Vanderburg, A., Beurs, Z. L. D., Collins, K. A., Watkins, C. N., Bean, J., Cowan, N. B., Daylan, T., Morley, C. V., Ih, J., Baker, D., Barkaoui, K. & Batalha, N. M. & 125 others, Behmard, A., Belinski, A., Benkhaldoun, Z., Benni, P., Bernacki, K., Bieryla, A., Binnenfeld, A., Bosch-Cabot, P., Bouchy, F., Bozza, V., Brahm, R., Buchhave, L. A., Calkins, M., Chontos, A., Clark, C. A., Cloutier, R., Cointepas, M., Collins, K. I., Conti, D. M., Crossfield, I. J. M., Dai, F., Leon, J. P. D., Dransfield, G., Dressing, C., Dustor, A., Esquerdo, G., Evans, P., Fajardo-Acosta, S. B., Fiołka, J., Forés-Toribio, R., Frasca, A., Fukui, A., Fulton, B., Furlan, E., Gan, T., Gandolfi, D., Ghachoui, M., Giacalone, S., Gilbert, E. A., Gillon, M., Girardin, E., Gonzales, E., Horta, F. G., Gregorio, J., Greklek-McKeon, M., Guerra, P., Hartman, J. D., Hellier, C., Hełminiak, K. G., Henning, T., Hill, M. L., Horne, K., Howard, A. W., Howell, S. B., Huber, D., Isaacson, H., Isopi, G., Jehin, E., Jenkins, J. M., Jensen, E. L. N., Johnson, M. C., Jordán, A., Kane, S. R., Kielkopf, J. F., Krushinsky, V., Lasota, S., Lee, E., Lewin, P., Livingston, J. H., Lubin, J., Lund, M. B., Mallia, F., Mann, C. R., Marino, G., Maslennikova, N., Massey, B., Matson, R., Matthews, E., Mayo, A. W., Mazeh, T., McLeod, K. K., Michaels, E. J., Močnik, T., Mori, M., Mraz, G., Muñoz, J. A., Narita, N., Nielsen, L. D., Osborn, H., Palle, E., Panahi, A., Papini, R., Polanski, A. S., Popowicz, A., Pozuelos, F. J., Quinn, S. N., Radford, D. J., Reed, P. A., Relles, H. M., Rice, M., Robertson, P., Rodriguez, J. E., Rosenthal, L. J., Rubenzahl, R. A., Schanche, N., Schlieder, J., Schwarz, R. P., Sefako, R., Shporer, A., Sozzetti, A., Srdoc, G., Stockdale, C., Tarasenkov, A., Tan, T.-G., Timmermans, M., Ting, E. B., Zandt, J. V., Vignes, J., Waite, I., Watanabe, N., Weiss, L. M., Wittrock, J., Zhou, G., Ziegler, C. & Zucker, S., 21 Aug 2023, arXiv, 41 p.
Research output: Working paper › Preprint

Cite this

Hord, B. J., Kempton, E. M.-R., Evans-Soma, T. M., Latham, D. W., Ciardi, D. R., Dragomir, D., Colón, K. D., Ross, G., Vanderburg, A., de Beurs, Z. L., Collins, K. A., Watkins, C. N., Bean, J., Cowan, N. B., Daylan, T., Morley, C. V., Ih, J., Baker, D., Barkaoui, K., ... Zucker, S. (2024). Identification of the top TESS objects of interest for atmospheric characterization of transiting exoplanets with JWST. Astronomical Journal, 167(5), Article 233. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad3068

@article{3024a2ce5eac49a9a80fd32573332180,

title = "Identification of the top TESS objects of interest for atmospheric characterization of transiting exoplanets with JWST",

abstract = "JWST has ushered in an era of unprecedented ability to characterize exoplanetary atmospheres. While there are over 5000 confirmed planets, more than 4000 Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) planet candidates are still unconfirmed and many of the best planets for atmospheric characterization may remain to be identified. We present a sample of TESS planets and planet candidates that we identify as “best-in-class” for transmission and emission spectroscopy with JWST. These targets are sorted into bins across equilibrium temperature Teq and planetary radius Rp and are ranked by a transmission and an emission spectroscopy metric (TSM and ESM, respectively) within each bin. We perform cuts for expected signal size and stellar brightness to remove suboptimal targets for JWST. Of the 194 targets in the resulting sample, 103 are unconfirmed TESS planet candidates, also known as TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs). We perform vetting and statistical validation analyses on these 103 targets to determine which are likely planets and which are likely false positives, incorporating ground-based follow-up from the TESS Follow-up Observation Program to aid the vetting and validation process. We statistically validate 18 TOIs, marginally validate 31 TOIs to varying levels of confidence, deem 29 TOIs likely false positives, and leave the dispositions for four TOIs as inconclusive. Twenty-one of the 103 TOIs were confirmed independently over the course of our analysis. We intend for this work to serve as a community resource and motivate formal confirmation and mass measurements of each validated planet. We encourage more detailed analysis of individual targets by the community.",

author = "Hord, {Benjamin J.} and Kempton, {Eliza M.-R.} and Evans-Soma, {Thomas M.} and Latham, {David W.} and Ciardi, {David R.} and Diana Dragomir and Col{\'o}n, {Knicole D.} and Gabrielle Ross and Andrew Vanderburg and {de Beurs}, {Zoe L.} and Collins, {Karen A.} and Watkins, {Cristilyn N.} and Jacob Bean and Cowan, {Nicolas B.} and Tansu Daylan and Morley, {Caroline V.} and Jegug Ih and David Baker and Khalid Barkaoui and Batalha, {Natalie M.} and Aida Behmard and Alexander Belinski and Zouhair Benkhaldoun and Paul Benni and Krzysztof Bernacki and Allyson Bieryla and Avraham Binnenfeld and Pau Bosch-Cabot and Fran{\c c}ois Bouchy and Valerio Bozza and Rafael Brahm and Buchhave, {Lars A.} and Michael Calkins and Ashley Chontos and Clark, {Catherine A.} and Ryan Cloutier and Marion Cointepas and Collins, {Kevin I.} and Conti, {Dennis M.} and Crossfield, {Ian J. M.} and Fei Dai and {de Leon}, {Jerome P.} and Georgina Dransfield and Courtney Dressing and Adam Dustor and Gilbert Esquerdo and Phil Evans and Fajardo-Acosta, {Sergio B.} and Jerzy Fio{\l}ka and Raquel For{\'e}s-Toribio and Antonio Frasca and Akihiko Fukui and Benjamin Fulton and Elise Furlan and Tianjun Gan and Davide Gandolfi and Mourad Ghachoui and Steven Giacalone and Gilbert, {Emily A.} and Micha{\"e}l Gillon and Eric Girardin and Erica Gonzales and {Grau Horta}, Ferran and Joao Gregorio and Michael Greklek-McKeon and Pere Guerra and Hartman, {J. D.} and Coel Hellier and Ian Helm and He{\l}miniak, {Krzysztof G.} and Thomas Henning and Hill, {Michelle L.} and Keith Horne and Howard, {Andrew W.} and Howell, {Steve B.} and Daniel Huber and Giovanni Isopi and Emmanuel Jehin and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Jensen, {Eric L. N.} and Johnson, {Marshall C.} and Andr{\'e}s Jord{\'a}n and Kane, {Stephen R.} and Kielkopf, {John F.} and Vadim Krushinsky and S{\l}awomir Lasota and Elena Lee and Pablo Lewin and Livingston, {John H.} and Jack Lubin and Lund, {Michael B.} and Franco Mallia and Mann, {Christopher R.} and Giuseppi Marino and Nataliia Maslennikova and Bob Massey and Rachel Matson and Elisabeth Matthews and Mayo, {Andrew W.} and Tsevi Mazeh and McLeod, {Kim K.} and Michaels, {Edward J.} and Teo Mo{\v c}nik and Mayuko Mori and Georgia Mraz and Mu{\~n}oz, {Jose A.} and Norio Narita and Krupa Natarajan and {Dyregaard Nielsen}, Louise and Hugh Osborn and Enric Palle and Aviad Panahi and Riccardo Papini and Peter Plavchan and Polanski, {Alex S.} and Adam Popowicz and Pozuelos, {Francisco J.} and Quinn, {Samuel N.} and Radford, {Don J.} and Reed, {Phillip A.} and Relles, {Howard M.} and Malena Rice and Paul Robertson and Rodriguez, {Joseph E.} and Rosenthal, {Lee J.} and Rubenzahl, {Ryan A.} and Nicole Schanche and Joshua Schlieder and Schwarz, {Richard P.} and Ramotholo Sefako and Avi Shporer and Alessandro Sozzetti and Gregor Srdoc and Chris Stockdale and Alexander Tarasenkov and Thiam-Guan Tan and Mathilde Timmermans and Ting, {Eric B.} and {Van Zandt}, Judah and JP Vignes and Ian Waite and Noriharu Watanabe and Weiss, {Lauren M.} and Justin Wittrock and George Zhou and Carl Ziegler and Shay Zucker",

note = "Funding: Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. Part of the LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by NSF. This paper is based on observations made with the MuSCAT3 instrument, developed by the Astrobiology Center and under financial support by JSPS KAKENHI (grant No. JP18H05439) and JST PRESTO (grant No. JPMJPR1775), at Faulkes Telescope North on Maui, HI, operated by the Las Cumbres Observatory. This paper makes use of data from the MEarth Project, which is a collaboration between Harvard University and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. The MEarth Project acknowledges funding from the David and Lucile Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering, the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. AST-0807690, AST-1109468, AST-1616624 and AST-1004488 (Alan T. Waterman Award), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant No. 80NSSC18K0476 issued through the XRP Program, and the John Templeton Foundation. C.M. would like to gratefully acknowledge the entire Dragonfly Telephoto Array team, and Bob Abraham in particular, for allowing their telescope bright time to be put to use observing exoplanets. B.J.H. acknowledges support from the Future Investigators in NASA Earth and Space Science and Technology (FINESST) program (grant No. 80NSSC20K1551) and support by NASA under grant No. 80GSFC21M0002. K.A.C. and C.N.W. acknowledge support from the TESS mission via subaward s3449 from MIT. D.R.C. and C.A.C. acknowledge support from NASA through the XRP grant No. 18-2XRP18_2-0007. C.A.C. acknowledges that this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NM0018D0004). S.Z. and A.B. acknowledge support from the Israel Ministry of Science and Technology (grant No. 3-18143). The research leading to these results has received funding from the ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions, financed by the Wallonia-Brussels Federation. TRAPPIST is funded by the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (Fond National de la Recherche Scientifique, FNRS) under the grant No. PDR T.0120.21. The postdoctoral fellowship of K.B. is funded by F.R.S.-FNRS grant No. T.0109.20 and by the Francqui Foundation. H.P.O.'s contribution has been carried out within the framework of the NCCR PlanetS supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant Nos. 51NF40_182901 and 51NF40_205606. F.J.P. acknowledges financial support from the grant No. CEX2021-001131-S funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033. A.J. acknowledges support from ANID—Millennium Science Initiative—ICN12_009 and from FONDECYT project 1210718. Z.L.D. acknowledges the MIT Presidential Fellowship and that this material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant No. 1745302. P.R. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation grant No. 1952545. This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant Nos. JP17H04574, JP18H05439, JP21K20376; JST CREST grant No. JPMJCR1761; and Astrobiology Center SATELLITE Research project AB022006. This publication benefits from the support of the French Community of Belgium in the context of the FRIA Doctoral Grant awarded to M.T. D.D. acknowledges support from TESS Guest Investigator Program grant Nos. 80NSSC22K1353, 80NSSC22K0185, and 80NSSC23K0769. A.B. acknowledges the support of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Program of Development. T.D. was supported in part by the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences. V.K. acknowledges support from the youth scientific laboratory project, topic FEUZ-2020-0038.",

year = "2024",

month = apr,

day = "23",

doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/ad3068",

language = "English",

volume = "167",

journal = "Astronomical Journal",

issn = "1538-3881",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "5",

}

Hord, BJ, Kempton, EM-R, Evans-Soma, TM, Latham, DW, Ciardi, DR, Dragomir, D, Colón, KD, Ross, G, Vanderburg, A, de Beurs, ZL, Collins, KA, Watkins, CN, Bean, J, Cowan, NB, Daylan, T, Morley, CV, Ih, J, Baker, D, Barkaoui, K, Batalha, NM, Behmard, A, Belinski, A, Benkhaldoun, Z, Benni, P, Bernacki, K, Bieryla, A, Binnenfeld, A, Bosch-Cabot, P, Bouchy, F, Bozza, V, Brahm, R, Buchhave, LA, Calkins, M, Chontos, A, Clark, CA, Cloutier, R, Cointepas, M, Collins, KI, Conti, DM, Crossfield, IJM, Dai, F, de Leon, JP, Dransfield, G, Dressing, C, Dustor, A, Esquerdo, G, Evans, P, Fajardo-Acosta, SB, Fiołka, J, Forés-Toribio, R, Frasca, A, Fukui, A, Fulton, B, Furlan, E, Gan, T, Gandolfi, D, Ghachoui, M, Giacalone, S, Gilbert, EA, Gillon, M, Girardin, E, Gonzales, E, Grau Horta, F, Gregorio, J, Greklek-McKeon, M, Guerra, P, Hartman, JD, Hellier, C, Helm, I, Hełminiak, KG, Henning, T, Hill, ML, Horne, K, Howard, AW, Howell, SB, Huber, D, Isopi, G, Jehin, E, Jenkins, JM, Jensen, ELN, Johnson, MC, Jordán, A, Kane, SR, Kielkopf, JF, Krushinsky, V, Lasota, S, Lee, E, Lewin, P, Livingston, JH, Lubin, J, Lund, MB, Mallia, F, Mann, CR, Marino, G, Maslennikova, N, Massey, B, Matson, R, Matthews, E, Mayo, AW, Mazeh, T, McLeod, KK, Michaels, EJ, Močnik, T, Mori, M, Mraz, G, Muñoz, JA, Narita, N, Natarajan, K, Dyregaard Nielsen, L, Osborn, H, Palle, E, Panahi, A, Papini, R, Plavchan, P, Polanski, AS, Popowicz, A, Pozuelos, FJ, Quinn, SN, Radford, DJ, Reed, PA, Relles, HM, Rice, M, Robertson, P, Rodriguez, JE, Rosenthal, LJ, Rubenzahl, RA, Schanche, N, Schlieder, J, Schwarz, RP, Sefako, R, Shporer, A, Sozzetti, A, Srdoc, G, Stockdale, C, Tarasenkov, A, Tan, T-G, Timmermans, M, Ting, EB, Van Zandt, J, Vignes, JP, Waite, I, Watanabe, N, Weiss, LM, Wittrock, J, Zhou, G, Ziegler, C & Zucker, S 2024, 'Identification of the top TESS objects of interest for atmospheric characterization of transiting exoplanets with JWST', Astronomical Journal, vol. 167, no. 5, 233. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad3068

TY - JOUR

T1 - Identification of the top TESS objects of interest for atmospheric characterization of transiting exoplanets with JWST

AU - Hord, Benjamin J.

AU - Kempton, Eliza M.-R.

AU - Evans-Soma, Thomas M.

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Ciardi, David R.

AU - Dragomir, Diana

AU - Colón, Knicole D.

AU - Ross, Gabrielle

AU - Vanderburg, Andrew

AU - de Beurs, Zoe L.

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Watkins, Cristilyn N.

AU - Bean, Jacob

AU - Cowan, Nicolas B.

AU - Daylan, Tansu

AU - Morley, Caroline V.

AU - Ih, Jegug

AU - Baker, David

AU - Barkaoui, Khalid

AU - Batalha, Natalie M.

AU - Behmard, Aida

AU - Belinski, Alexander

AU - Benkhaldoun, Zouhair

AU - Benni, Paul

AU - Bernacki, Krzysztof

AU - Bieryla, Allyson

AU - Binnenfeld, Avraham

AU - Bosch-Cabot, Pau

AU - Bouchy, François

AU - Bozza, Valerio

AU - Brahm, Rafael

AU - Buchhave, Lars A.

AU - Calkins, Michael

AU - Chontos, Ashley

AU - Clark, Catherine A.

AU - Cloutier, Ryan

AU - Cointepas, Marion

AU - Collins, Kevin I.

AU - Conti, Dennis M.

AU - Crossfield, Ian J. M.

AU - Dai, Fei

AU - de Leon, Jerome P.

AU - Dransfield, Georgina

AU - Dressing, Courtney

AU - Dustor, Adam

AU - Esquerdo, Gilbert

AU - Evans, Phil

AU - Fajardo-Acosta, Sergio B.

AU - Fiołka, Jerzy

AU - Forés-Toribio, Raquel

AU - Frasca, Antonio

AU - Fukui, Akihiko

AU - Fulton, Benjamin

AU - Furlan, Elise

AU - Gan, Tianjun

AU - Gandolfi, Davide

AU - Ghachoui, Mourad

AU - Giacalone, Steven

AU - Gilbert, Emily A.

AU - Gillon, Michaël

AU - Girardin, Eric

AU - Gonzales, Erica

AU - Grau Horta, Ferran

AU - Gregorio, Joao

AU - Greklek-McKeon, Michael

AU - Guerra, Pere

AU - Hartman, J. D.

AU - Hellier, Coel

AU - Helm, Ian

AU - Hełminiak, Krzysztof G.

AU - Henning, Thomas

AU - Hill, Michelle L.

AU - Horne, Keith

AU - Howard, Andrew W.

AU - Howell, Steve B.

AU - Huber, Daniel

AU - Isopi, Giovanni

AU - Jehin, Emmanuel

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Jensen, Eric L. N.

AU - Johnson, Marshall C.

AU - Jordán, Andrés

AU - Kane, Stephen R.

AU - Kielkopf, John F.

AU - Krushinsky, Vadim

AU - Lasota, Sławomir

AU - Lee, Elena

AU - Lewin, Pablo

AU - Livingston, John H.

AU - Lubin, Jack

AU - Lund, Michael B.

AU - Mallia, Franco

AU - Mann, Christopher R.

AU - Marino, Giuseppi

AU - Maslennikova, Nataliia

AU - Massey, Bob

AU - Matson, Rachel

AU - Matthews, Elisabeth

AU - Mayo, Andrew W.

AU - Mazeh, Tsevi

AU - McLeod, Kim K.

AU - Michaels, Edward J.

AU - Močnik, Teo

AU - Mori, Mayuko

AU - Mraz, Georgia

AU - Muñoz, Jose A.

AU - Narita, Norio

AU - Natarajan, Krupa

AU - Dyregaard Nielsen, Louise

AU - Osborn, Hugh

AU - Palle, Enric

AU - Panahi, Aviad

AU - Papini, Riccardo

AU - Plavchan, Peter

AU - Polanski, Alex S.

AU - Popowicz, Adam

AU - Pozuelos, Francisco J.

AU - Quinn, Samuel N.

AU - Radford, Don J.

AU - Reed, Phillip A.

AU - Relles, Howard M.

AU - Rice, Malena

AU - Robertson, Paul

AU - Rodriguez, Joseph E.

AU - Rosenthal, Lee J.

AU - Rubenzahl, Ryan A.

AU - Schanche, Nicole

AU - Schlieder, Joshua

AU - Schwarz, Richard P.

AU - Sefako, Ramotholo

AU - Shporer, Avi

AU - Sozzetti, Alessandro

AU - Srdoc, Gregor

AU - Stockdale, Chris

AU - Tarasenkov, Alexander

AU - Tan, Thiam-Guan

AU - Timmermans, Mathilde

AU - Ting, Eric B.

AU - Van Zandt, Judah

AU - Vignes, JP

AU - Waite, Ian

AU - Watanabe, Noriharu

AU - Weiss, Lauren M.

AU - Wittrock, Justin

AU - Zhou, George

AU - Ziegler, Carl

AU - Zucker, Shay

N1 - Funding: Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. Part of the LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by NSF. This paper is based on observations made with the MuSCAT3 instrument, developed by the Astrobiology Center and under financial support by JSPS KAKENHI (grant No. JP18H05439) and JST PRESTO (grant No. JPMJPR1775), at Faulkes Telescope North on Maui, HI, operated by the Las Cumbres Observatory. This paper makes use of data from the MEarth Project, which is a collaboration between Harvard University and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. The MEarth Project acknowledges funding from the David and Lucile Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering, the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. AST-0807690, AST-1109468, AST-1616624 and AST-1004488 (Alan T. Waterman Award), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant No. 80NSSC18K0476 issued through the XRP Program, and the John Templeton Foundation. C.M. would like to gratefully acknowledge the entire Dragonfly Telephoto Array team, and Bob Abraham in particular, for allowing their telescope bright time to be put to use observing exoplanets. B.J.H. acknowledges support from the Future Investigators in NASA Earth and Space Science and Technology (FINESST) program (grant No. 80NSSC20K1551) and support by NASA under grant No. 80GSFC21M0002. K.A.C. and C.N.W. acknowledge support from the TESS mission via subaward s3449 from MIT. D.R.C. and C.A.C. acknowledge support from NASA through the XRP grant No. 18-2XRP18_2-0007. C.A.C. acknowledges that this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NM0018D0004). S.Z. and A.B. acknowledge support from the Israel Ministry of Science and Technology (grant No. 3-18143). The research leading to these results has received funding from the ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions, financed by the Wallonia-Brussels Federation. TRAPPIST is funded by the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (Fond National de la Recherche Scientifique, FNRS) under the grant No. PDR T.0120.21. The postdoctoral fellowship of K.B. is funded by F.R.S.-FNRS grant No. T.0109.20 and by the Francqui Foundation. H.P.O.'s contribution has been carried out within the framework of the NCCR PlanetS supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant Nos. 51NF40_182901 and 51NF40_205606. F.J.P. acknowledges financial support from the grant No. CEX2021-001131-S funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033. A.J. acknowledges support from ANID—Millennium Science Initiative—ICN12_009 and from FONDECYT project 1210718. Z.L.D. acknowledges the MIT Presidential Fellowship and that this material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant No. 1745302. P.R. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation grant No. 1952545. This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant Nos. JP17H04574, JP18H05439, JP21K20376; JST CREST grant No. JPMJCR1761; and Astrobiology Center SATELLITE Research project AB022006. This publication benefits from the support of the French Community of Belgium in the context of the FRIA Doctoral Grant awarded to M.T. D.D. acknowledges support from TESS Guest Investigator Program grant Nos. 80NSSC22K1353, 80NSSC22K0185, and 80NSSC23K0769. A.B. acknowledges the support of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Program of Development. T.D. was supported in part by the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences. V.K. acknowledges support from the youth scientific laboratory project, topic FEUZ-2020-0038.

PY - 2024/4/23

Y1 - 2024/4/23

N2 - JWST has ushered in an era of unprecedented ability to characterize exoplanetary atmospheres. While there are over 5000 confirmed planets, more than 4000 Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) planet candidates are still unconfirmed and many of the best planets for atmospheric characterization may remain to be identified. We present a sample of TESS planets and planet candidates that we identify as “best-in-class” for transmission and emission spectroscopy with JWST. These targets are sorted into bins across equilibrium temperature Teq and planetary radius Rp and are ranked by a transmission and an emission spectroscopy metric (TSM and ESM, respectively) within each bin. We perform cuts for expected signal size and stellar brightness to remove suboptimal targets for JWST. Of the 194 targets in the resulting sample, 103 are unconfirmed TESS planet candidates, also known as TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs). We perform vetting and statistical validation analyses on these 103 targets to determine which are likely planets and which are likely false positives, incorporating ground-based follow-up from the TESS Follow-up Observation Program to aid the vetting and validation process. We statistically validate 18 TOIs, marginally validate 31 TOIs to varying levels of confidence, deem 29 TOIs likely false positives, and leave the dispositions for four TOIs as inconclusive. Twenty-one of the 103 TOIs were confirmed independently over the course of our analysis. We intend for this work to serve as a community resource and motivate formal confirmation and mass measurements of each validated planet. We encourage more detailed analysis of individual targets by the community.

AB - JWST has ushered in an era of unprecedented ability to characterize exoplanetary atmospheres. While there are over 5000 confirmed planets, more than 4000 Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) planet candidates are still unconfirmed and many of the best planets for atmospheric characterization may remain to be identified. We present a sample of TESS planets and planet candidates that we identify as “best-in-class” for transmission and emission spectroscopy with JWST. These targets are sorted into bins across equilibrium temperature Teq and planetary radius Rp and are ranked by a transmission and an emission spectroscopy metric (TSM and ESM, respectively) within each bin. We perform cuts for expected signal size and stellar brightness to remove suboptimal targets for JWST. Of the 194 targets in the resulting sample, 103 are unconfirmed TESS planet candidates, also known as TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs). We perform vetting and statistical validation analyses on these 103 targets to determine which are likely planets and which are likely false positives, incorporating ground-based follow-up from the TESS Follow-up Observation Program to aid the vetting and validation process. We statistically validate 18 TOIs, marginally validate 31 TOIs to varying levels of confidence, deem 29 TOIs likely false positives, and leave the dispositions for four TOIs as inconclusive. Twenty-one of the 103 TOIs were confirmed independently over the course of our analysis. We intend for this work to serve as a community resource and motivate formal confirmation and mass measurements of each validated planet. We encourage more detailed analysis of individual targets by the community.

U2 - 10.3847/1538-3881/ad3068

DO - 10.3847/1538-3881/ad3068

M3 - Article

SN - 1538-3881

VL - 167

JO - Astronomical Journal

JF - Astronomical Journal

IS - 5

M1 - 233

ER -

Identification of the top TESS objects of interest for atmospheric characterization of transiting exoplanets with JWST

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Identification of the top TESS objects of interest for atmospheric characterization of transiting exoplanets with JWST

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