Hospital Board Oversight of Quality and Patient Safety: A Narrative Review and Synthesis of Recent Empirical Research

Ross Millar*, Russell Mannion, Tim Freeman, Huw T. O. Davies

*Corresponding author for this work

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    Abstract

    ContextRecurring problems with patient safety have led to a growing interest in helping hospitals' governing bodies provide more effective oversight of the quality and safety of their services. National directives and initiatives emphasize the importance of action by boards, but the empirical basis for informing effective hospital board oversight has yet to receive full and careful review.

    MethodsThis article presents a narrative review of empirical research to inform the debate about hospital boards' oversight of quality and patient safety. A systematic and comprehensive search identified 122 papers for detailed review. Much of the empirical work appeared in the last ten years, is from the United States, and employs cross-sectional survey methods.

    FindingsRecent empirical studies linking board composition and processes with patient outcomes have found clear differences between high- and low-performing hospitals, highlighting the importance of strong and committed leadership that prioritizes quality and safety and sets clear and measurable goals for improvement. Effective oversight is also associated with well-informed and skilled board members. External factors (such as regulatory regimes and the publication of performance data) might also have a role in influencing boards, but detailed empirical work on these is scant.

    ConclusionsHealth policy debates recognize the important role of hospital boards in overseeing patient quality and safety, and a growing body of empirical research has sought to elucidate that role. This review finds a number of areas of guidance that have some empirical support, but it also exposes the relatively inchoate nature of the field. Greater theoretical and methodological development is required if we are to secure more evidence-informed governance systems and practices that can contribute to safer care.

    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)738-770
    Number of pages33
    JournalMilbank Quarterly
    Volume91
    Issue number4
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - Dec 2013

    Keywords

    • governing boards
    • trustees
    • patient safety
    • quality improvement
    • HEALTH-CARE
    • OF-CARE
    • GOVERNANCE
    • SYSTEMS
    • INVOLVEMENT
    • IMPROVEMENT
    • LEADERSHIP
    • PROGRAM
    • NURSES

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