Gl 725A b: a potential super-Earth detected with SOPHIE and SPIRou in an M dwarf binary system at 3.5 pc

P. Cortes-Zuleta; I. Boisse; M. Ould-Elhkim; T. G. Wilson; P. Larue; A. Carmona; X. Delfosse; J. -F. Donati; T. Forveille; C. Moutou; A. Collier Cameron; E. Artigau; L. Acuña; L. Altinier; N. Astudillo-Defru; C. Baruteau; X. Bonfils; S. Cabrit; C. Cadieux; N. J. Cook; E. Decocq; R. F. Diaz; P. Fouque; J. Gomes da Silva; K. Grankin; S. Grouffal; N. Hara; G. Hebrard; N. Heidari; J. H. C. Martins; E. Martioli; M. Maurice; J. Scigliuto; J. Serrano Bell; S. Sulis; A. C. Petit; H. G. Vivien

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451646

Gl 725A b: a potential super-Earth detected with SOPHIE and SPIRou in an M dwarf binary system at 3.5 pc

P. Cortes-Zuleta^*, I. Boisse, M. Ould-Elhkim, T. G. Wilson, P. Larue, A. Carmona, X. Delfosse, J. -F. Donati, T. Forveille, C. Moutou, A. Collier Cameron, E. Artigau, L. Acuña, L. Altinier, N. Astudillo-Defru, C. Baruteau, X. Bonfils, S. Cabrit, C. Cadieux, N. J. CookE. Decocq, R. F. Diaz, P. Fouque, J. Gomes da Silva, K. Grankin, S. Grouffal, N. Hara, G. Hebrard, N. Heidari, J. H. C. Martins, E. Martioli, M. Maurice, J. Scigliuto, J. Serrano Bell, S. Sulis, A. C. Petit, H. G. Vivien

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We report the discovery of a super-Earth candidate orbiting the nearby mid-M dwarf Gl 725A using the radial velocity (RV) method. The planetary signal has been independently identified using high-precision RVs from the SOPHIE and SPIRou spectrographs, in the optical and near-infrared (NIR) domains, respectively. We modelled the stellar activity signal jointly with the planet using two Gaussian processes, one for each instrument to account for the chromaticity of the stellar activity and instrumental systematics, along with a Keplerian model. The signal was significantly detected with a RV semi-amplitude of 1.67 ± 0.20 m/s. The planet Gl725A b is found to be in an orbit compatible with circular with a period of 11.2201 ± 0.0051 days. We analysed 27 sectors of TESS photometry, for which no transit event was found. We determined a minimum mass of M_p sin i = 2.78 ± 0.35 M⊕, which places the planet in the super-Earth regime. Using mass-radius relationships, we predict the planetary radius to be between 1.2 and 2.0 R⊕. The proximity of Gl 725A (at only 3.5 pc) makes this new exoplanet one of the closest to Earth and joins the group of S-type low-mass planets in short orbits (P < 15 days) around close M dwarfs.

Original language	English
Article number	A164
Number of pages	18
Journal	Astronomy & Astrophysics
Volume	693
Early online date	14 Jan 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451646
Publication status	Published - Jan 2025

Keywords

Techniques: radial velocities
Planets and satellites: detection
Stars: low-mass
Stars: individual: Gl 725A

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Cortes-Zuleta-2025-Gl-725A-b-a-potential-super-Earth-693-A164-CCBY
Copyright © The Authors 2025. Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This article is published in open access under the Subscribe to Open model. Subscribe to A&A to support open access publication.
Final published version, 7.15 MBLicence: CC BY

1 Finished
2 Active

REVEAL: REVEALing Signatures of Habitable Worlds Hidden by Stellar Activity
Cameron, A. C. (PI)
UKRI (EU)
1/08/24 → 31/07/30
Project: Standard
PLATO 22-25: Support for the PLATO Development Phase 2022-2025: Planet candidate ranking and validation
Cameron, A. C. (PI)
Science & Technology Facilities Council
1/04/22 → 31/03/25
Project: Standard
AO2 - Professor Andrew Cameron: Project AO2 - Andrew Cameron
Cameron, A. C. (PI)
Science & Technology Facilities Council
1/04/21 → 31/03/24
Project: Standard

Gl 725A b: a potential super-Earth detected with SOPHIE and SPIRou in an M dwarf binary system at 3.5 pc (dataset)
Cortes Zuleta, P. (Creator) & Cameron, A. C. (Creator), Centre de Donnees Strasbourg (CDS), 2024
https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/693/A164
Dataset

Cite this

Cortes-Zuleta, P., Boisse, I., Ould-Elhkim, M., Wilson, T. G., Larue, P., Carmona, A., Delfosse, X., Donati, J. .-F., Forveille, T., Moutou, C., Cameron, A. C., Artigau, E., Acuña, L., Altinier, L., Astudillo-Defru, N., Baruteau, C., Bonfils, X., Cabrit, S., Cadieux, C., ... Vivien, H. G. (2025). Gl 725A b: a potential super-Earth detected with SOPHIE and SPIRou in an M dwarf binary system at 3.5 pc. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 693, Article A164. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451646

@article{7aa817a166094ccba9dcb465166bfe80,

title = "Gl 725A b: a potential super-Earth detected with SOPHIE and SPIRou in an M dwarf binary system at 3.5 pc",

abstract = "We report the discovery of a super-Earth candidate orbiting the nearby mid-M dwarf Gl 725A using the radial velocity (RV) method. The planetary signal has been independently identified using high-precision RVs from the SOPHIE and SPIRou spectrographs, in the optical and near-infrared (NIR) domains, respectively. We modelled the stellar activity signal jointly with the planet using two Gaussian processes, one for each instrument to account for the chromaticity of the stellar activity and instrumental systematics, along with a Keplerian model. The signal was significantly detected with a RV semi-amplitude of 1.67 ± 0.20 m/s. The planet Gl725A b is found to be in an orbit compatible with circular with a period of 11.2201 ± 0.0051 days. We analysed 27 sectors of TESS photometry, for which no transit event was found. We determined a minimum mass of Mp sin i = 2.78 ± 0.35 M⊕, which places the planet in the super-Earth regime. Using mass-radius relationships, we predict the planetary radius to be between 1.2 and 2.0 R⊕. The proximity of Gl 725A (at only 3.5 pc) makes this new exoplanet one of the closest to Earth and joins the group of S-type low-mass planets in short orbits (P < 15 days) around close M dwarfs.",

keywords = "Techniques: radial velocities, Planets and satellites: detection, Stars: low-mass, Stars: individual: Gl 725A",

author = "P. Cortes-Zuleta and I. Boisse and M. Ould-Elhkim and Wilson, {T. G.} and P. Larue and A. Carmona and X. Delfosse and Donati, {J. -F.} and T. Forveille and C. Moutou and Cameron, {A. Collier} and E. Artigau and L. Acu{\~n}a and L. Altinier and N. Astudillo-Defru and C. Baruteau and X. Bonfils and S. Cabrit and C. Cadieux and Cook, {N. J.} and E. Decocq and Diaz, {R. F.} and P. Fouque and {Gomes da Silva}, J. and K. Grankin and S. Grouffal and N. Hara and G. Hebrard and N. Heidari and Martins, {J. H. C.} and E. Martioli and M. Maurice and J. Scigliuto and {Serrano Bell}, J. and S. Sulis and Petit, {A. C.} and Vivien, {H. G.}",

note = "Funding: We acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the H2020 research & innovation program (grant agreement #740651 NewWorlds). PCZ and ACC acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant number ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant number ST/X002217/1. TWi acknowledges support from the UKSA and the University of Warwick. This project is funded/Co-funded by the European Union (ERC, ESCAPE, project No 101044152). J.H.C.M. is also supported by the European Union (ERC, FIERCE, 101052347).",

year = "2025",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/202451646",

language = "English",

volume = "693",

journal = "Astronomy & Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

publisher = "EDP SCIENCES S A",

}

Cortes-Zuleta, P, Boisse, I, Ould-Elhkim, M, Wilson, TG, Larue, P, Carmona, A, Delfosse, X, Donati, J-F, Forveille, T, Moutou, C, Cameron, AC, Artigau, E, Acuña, L, Altinier, L, Astudillo-Defru, N, Baruteau, C, Bonfils, X, Cabrit, S, Cadieux, C, Cook, NJ, Decocq, E, Diaz, RF, Fouque, P, Gomes da Silva, J, Grankin, K, Grouffal, S, Hara, N, Hebrard, G, Heidari, N, Martins, JHC, Martioli, E, Maurice, M, Scigliuto, J, Serrano Bell, J, Sulis, S, Petit, AC & Vivien, HG 2025, 'Gl 725A b: a potential super-Earth detected with SOPHIE and SPIRou in an M dwarf binary system at 3.5 pc', Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 693, A164. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451646

TY - JOUR

T1 - Gl 725A b

T2 - a potential super-Earth detected with SOPHIE and SPIRou in an M dwarf binary system at 3.5 pc

AU - Cortes-Zuleta, P.

AU - Boisse, I.

AU - Ould-Elhkim, M.

AU - Wilson, T. G.

AU - Larue, P.

AU - Carmona, A.

AU - Delfosse, X.

AU - Donati, J. -F.

AU - Forveille, T.

AU - Moutou, C.

AU - Cameron, A. Collier

AU - Artigau, E.

AU - Acuña, L.

AU - Altinier, L.

AU - Astudillo-Defru, N.

AU - Baruteau, C.

AU - Bonfils, X.

AU - Cabrit, S.

AU - Cadieux, C.

AU - Cook, N. J.

AU - Decocq, E.

AU - Diaz, R. F.

AU - Fouque, P.

AU - Gomes da Silva, J.

AU - Grankin, K.

AU - Grouffal, S.

AU - Hara, N.

AU - Hebrard, G.

AU - Heidari, N.

AU - Martins, J. H. C.

AU - Martioli, E.

AU - Maurice, M.

AU - Scigliuto, J.

AU - Serrano Bell, J.

AU - Sulis, S.

AU - Petit, A. C.

AU - Vivien, H. G.

N1 - Funding: We acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the H2020 research & innovation program (grant agreement #740651 NewWorlds). PCZ and ACC acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant number ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant number ST/X002217/1. TWi acknowledges support from the UKSA and the University of Warwick. This project is funded/Co-funded by the European Union (ERC, ESCAPE, project No 101044152). J.H.C.M. is also supported by the European Union (ERC, FIERCE, 101052347).

PY - 2025/1

Y1 - 2025/1

N2 - We report the discovery of a super-Earth candidate orbiting the nearby mid-M dwarf Gl 725A using the radial velocity (RV) method. The planetary signal has been independently identified using high-precision RVs from the SOPHIE and SPIRou spectrographs, in the optical and near-infrared (NIR) domains, respectively. We modelled the stellar activity signal jointly with the planet using two Gaussian processes, one for each instrument to account for the chromaticity of the stellar activity and instrumental systematics, along with a Keplerian model. The signal was significantly detected with a RV semi-amplitude of 1.67 ± 0.20 m/s. The planet Gl725A b is found to be in an orbit compatible with circular with a period of 11.2201 ± 0.0051 days. We analysed 27 sectors of TESS photometry, for which no transit event was found. We determined a minimum mass of Mp sin i = 2.78 ± 0.35 M⊕, which places the planet in the super-Earth regime. Using mass-radius relationships, we predict the planetary radius to be between 1.2 and 2.0 R⊕. The proximity of Gl 725A (at only 3.5 pc) makes this new exoplanet one of the closest to Earth and joins the group of S-type low-mass planets in short orbits (P < 15 days) around close M dwarfs.

AB - We report the discovery of a super-Earth candidate orbiting the nearby mid-M dwarf Gl 725A using the radial velocity (RV) method. The planetary signal has been independently identified using high-precision RVs from the SOPHIE and SPIRou spectrographs, in the optical and near-infrared (NIR) domains, respectively. We modelled the stellar activity signal jointly with the planet using two Gaussian processes, one for each instrument to account for the chromaticity of the stellar activity and instrumental systematics, along with a Keplerian model. The signal was significantly detected with a RV semi-amplitude of 1.67 ± 0.20 m/s. The planet Gl725A b is found to be in an orbit compatible with circular with a period of 11.2201 ± 0.0051 days. We analysed 27 sectors of TESS photometry, for which no transit event was found. We determined a minimum mass of Mp sin i = 2.78 ± 0.35 M⊕, which places the planet in the super-Earth regime. Using mass-radius relationships, we predict the planetary radius to be between 1.2 and 2.0 R⊕. The proximity of Gl 725A (at only 3.5 pc) makes this new exoplanet one of the closest to Earth and joins the group of S-type low-mass planets in short orbits (P < 15 days) around close M dwarfs.

KW - Techniques: radial velocities

KW - Planets and satellites: detection

KW - Stars: low-mass

KW - Stars: individual: Gl 725A

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202451646

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202451646

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 693

JO - Astronomy & Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy & Astrophysics

M1 - A164

ER -

Gl 725A b: a potential super-Earth detected with SOPHIE and SPIRou in an M dwarf binary system at 3.5 pc

Abstract

Keywords

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Projects

REVEAL: REVEALing Signatures of Habitable Worlds Hidden by Stellar Activity

PLATO 22-25: Support for the PLATO Development Phase 2022-2025: Planet candidate ranking and validation

AO2 - Professor Andrew Cameron: Project AO2 - Andrew Cameron

Datasets

Gl 725A b: a potential super-Earth detected with SOPHIE and SPIRou in an M dwarf binary system at 3.5 pc (dataset)

Cite this