Fabrication of refractive index and relief gratings in polymer films for DFB lasers

A styrene copolymer of 4-vinylbenzyl thiocyanate (PST-co-VBT) was employed as recording material for optical interference patterns with periods Lambda < 1 mum. Using lower intensity laser irradiation (4 mJ cm(-2), A = 266 nm), refractive index gratings were produced in PST-co-VBT by an UV induced photoisomerization SCN - NCS. Subsequent modification of the patterns with gaseous amines yielded surface relief gratings via the formation of derivatives of thiourea. Laser irradiation with higher pulse energies (7 mJ cm(-2), lambda = 266 nm) directly produced surface relief gratings (modulation depth 30 nm). These gratings were also reactive towards amine reagents and allowed a selective functionalization of the grooves of the relief ("reactive gratings"). Optically inscribed gratings in PST-co-VBT were employed as optical resonators for distributed feedback (DFB) lasing. With a laser dye (DCM) dissolved in PST-co-VBT, optically pumped DFB laser action was observed after inscribing index and relief gratings. The pumping threshold for lasing I-th was 250 nJ cm(-2) at lambda = 532 nm.