Examining the experience and effectiveness of continuous transdermal alcohol monitoring with a female student population.

Introduction
Transdermal alcohol monitoring anklets continuously measure unmetabolized alcohol secreted in sweat. This study explored the drinking behaviour of female students, their experiences of wearing an anklet, and the potential impact of different forms of feedback on drinking behaviour.

Methods
A mixed methods design was used. Fifty-six female students completed an online suite of questionnaires and were randomized into one of four conditions using AUDIT score-stratified sampling. Three experimental groups wore an anklet for two 7-day periods separated by a 7-day break. During the break period two of the experimental groups were given feedback on their drinking using UK drinking guidelines, with one group additionally given feedback on the data recorded by their anklet. The remaining experimental group and the control group did not receive feedback. Focus groups and diaries explored participants’ experiences of wearing the anklet and receiving the feedback.

Results
AUDIT scores ranged from 3-18, and alcohol consumption ranged from 0-55 units per week. Questionnaire and transdermal alcohol monitoring data allowed quantitative analysis of patterns of consumption and the effect of feedback on alcohol consumption during Week 3. Focus groups and diaries considered the female experience of wearing an anklet, drinking contexts, perceived vulnerability while drinking, and further explored the impact of feedback on alcohol consumption.

Conclusions
This study provides insight into the experience and usefulness of transdermal alcohol monitoring. Our analysis further reflects upon the potential use of the technology to present personalised feedback in alcohol interventions. The findings will be used to inform the development of future interventions to tackle alcohol misuse among females.