Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec PRISM

Z. Rustamkulov; D. K. Sing; S. Mukherjee; E. M. May; J. Kirk; E. Schlawin; M. R. Line; C. Piaulet; A. L. Carter; N. E. Batalha; J. M. Goyal; M. López-Morales; J. D. Lothringer; R. J. MacDonald; S. E. Moran; K. B. Stevenson; H. R. Wakeford; N. Espinoza; J. L. Bean; N. M. Batalha; B. Benneke; Z. K. Berta-Thompson; I. J. M. Crossfield; P. Gao; L. Kreidberg; D. K. Powell; P. E. Cubillos; N. P. Gibson; J. Leconte; K. Molaverdikhani; N. K. Nikolov; V. Parmentier; P. Roy; J. Taylor; J. D. Turner; P. J. Wheatley; K. Aggarwal; E. Ahrer; M. K. Alam; L. Alderson; N. H. Allen; A. Banerjee; S. Barat; D. Barrado; J. K. Barstow; T. J. Bell; J. Blecic; J. Brande; S. Casewell; Q. Changeat; K. L. Chubb; N. Crouzet; T. Daylan; L. Decin; J. Désert; T. Mikal-Evans; A. D. Feinstein; L. Flagg; J. J. Fortney; J. Harrington; K. Heng; Y. Hong; R. Hu; N. Iro; T. Kataria; E. M. -R. Kempton; J. Krick; M. Lendl; J. Lillo-Box; A. Louca; J. Lustig-Yaeger; L. Mancini; M. Mansfield; N. J. Mayne; Y. Miguel; G. Morello; K. Ohno; E. Palle; D. J. M. Petit dit de la Roche; B. V. Rackham; M. Radica; L. Ramos-Rosado; S. Redfield; L. K. Rogers; E. L. Shkolnik; J. Southworth; J. Teske; P. Tremblin; G. S. Tucker; O. Venot; W. C. Waalkes; L. Welbanks; X. Zhang; S. Zieba

doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05677-y

Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec PRISM

Z. Rustamkulov^*
, D. K. Sing
, S. Mukherjee
, E. M. May
, J. Kirk
, E. Schlawin
, M. R. Line
, C. Piaulet
, A. L. Carter
, N. E. Batalha
, J. M. Goyal
, M. López-Morales
, J. D. Lothringer
, R. J. MacDonald
, S. E. Moran
, K. B. Stevenson
, H. R. Wakeford
, N. Espinoza
, J. L. Bean
, N. M. Batalha

B. Benneke, Z. K. Berta-Thompson, I. J. M. Crossfield, P. Gao, L. Kreidberg, D. K. Powell, P. E. Cubillos, N. P. Gibson, J. Leconte, K. Molaverdikhani, N. K. Nikolov, V. Parmentier, P. Roy, J. Taylor, J. D. Turner, P. J. Wheatley, K. Aggarwal, E. Ahrer, M. K. Alam, L. Alderson, N. H. Allen, A. Banerjee, S. Barat, D. Barrado, J. K. Barstow, T. J. Bell, J. Blecic, J. Brande, S. Casewell, Q. Changeat, K. L. Chubb, N. Crouzet, T. Daylan, L. Decin, J. Désert, T. Mikal-Evans, A. D. Feinstein, L. Flagg, J. J. Fortney, J. Harrington, K. Heng, Y. Hong, R. Hu, N. Iro, T. Kataria, E. M. -R. Kempton, J. Krick, M. Lendl, J. Lillo-Box, A. Louca, J. Lustig-Yaeger, L. Mancini, M. Mansfield, N. J. Mayne, Y. Miguel, G. Morello, K. Ohno, E. Palle, D. J. M. Petit dit de la Roche, B. V. Rackham, M. Radica, L. Ramos-Rosado, S. Redfield, L. K. Rogers, E. L. Shkolnik, J. Southworth, J. Teske, P. Tremblin, G. S. Tucker, O. Venot, W. C. Waalkes, L. Welbanks, X. Zhang, S. Zieba

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Transmission spectroscopy^1,2,3 of exoplanets has revealed signatures of water vapor, aerosols, and alkali metals in a few dozen exoplanet atmospheres^4,5. However, these previous inferences with the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes were hindered by the observations’ relatively narrow wavelength range and spectral resolving power, which precluded the unambiguous identification of other chemical species — in particular the primary carbon-bearing molecules^6,7. Here we report a broad-wavelength 0.5–5.5 µm atmospheric transmission spectrum of WASP39 b⁸, a 1200 K, roughly Saturn-mass, Jupiter-radius exoplanet, measured with JWST NIRSpec’s PRISM mode⁹ as part of the JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Team program^10,11,12. We robustly detect multiple chemical species at high significance, including Na (19σ), H₂O (33σ), CO₂ (28σ), and CO (7σ). The non-detection of CH₄, combined with a strong CO₂feature, favours atmospheric models with a super-solar atmospheric metallicity. An unanticipated absorption feature at 4µm is best explained by SO₂ (2.7σ), which could be a tracer of atmospheric photochemistry. These observations demonstrate JWST’s sensitivity to a rich diversity of exoplanet compositions and chemical processes.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	659–663
Number of pages	5
Journal	Nature
Volume	614
Issue number	7949
Early online date	9 Jan 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05677-y
Publication status	Published - 23 Feb 2023

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Rustamkulov, Z., Sing, D. K., Mukherjee, S., May, E. M., Kirk, J., Schlawin, E., Line, M. R., Piaulet, C., Carter, A. L., Batalha, N. E., Goyal, J. M., López-Morales, M., Lothringer, J. D., MacDonald, R. J., Moran, S. E., Stevenson, K. B., Wakeford, H. R., Espinoza, N., Bean, J. L., ... Zieba, S. (2023). Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec PRISM. Nature, 614(7949), 659–663. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05677-y

@article{54a9846ef0e44ff18dd48523b8d94a6c,

title = "Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec PRISM",

abstract = "Transmission spectroscopy1,2,3 of exoplanets has revealed signatures of water vapor, aerosols, and alkali metals in a few dozen exoplanet atmospheres4,5. However, these previous inferences with the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes were hindered by the observations{\textquoteright} relatively narrow wavelength range and spectral resolving power, which precluded the unambiguous identification of other chemical species — in particular the primary carbon-bearing molecules6,7. Here we report a broad-wavelength 0.5–5.5 µm atmospheric transmission spectrum of WASP39 b8, a 1200 K, roughly Saturn-mass, Jupiter-radius exoplanet, measured with JWST NIRSpec{\textquoteright}s PRISM mode9 as part of the JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Team program10,11,12. We robustly detect multiple chemical species at high significance, including Na (19σ), H2O (33σ), CO2 (28σ), and CO (7σ). The non-detection of CH4, combined with a strong CO2 feature, favours atmospheric models with a super-solar atmospheric metallicity. An unanticipated absorption feature at 4µm is best explained by SO2 (2.7σ), which could be a tracer of atmospheric photochemistry. These observations demonstrate JWST{\textquoteright}s sensitivity to a rich diversity of exoplanet compositions and chemical processes.",

author = "Z. Rustamkulov and Sing, \{D. K.\} and S. Mukherjee and May, \{E. M.\} and J. Kirk and E. Schlawin and Line, \{M. R.\} and C. Piaulet and Carter, \{A. L.\} and Batalha, \{N. E.\} and Goyal, \{J. M.\} and M. L{\'o}pez-Morales and Lothringer, \{J. D.\} and MacDonald, \{R. J.\} and Moran, \{S. E.\} and Stevenson, \{K. B.\} and Wakeford, \{H. R.\} and N. Espinoza and Bean, \{J. L.\} and Batalha, \{N. M.\} and B. Benneke and Berta-Thompson, \{Z. K.\} and Crossfield, \{I. J. M.\} and P. Gao and L. Kreidberg and Powell, \{D. K.\} and Cubillos, \{P. E.\} and Gibson, \{N. P.\} and J. Leconte and K. Molaverdikhani and Nikolov, \{N. K.\} and V. Parmentier and P. Roy and J. Taylor and Turner, \{J. D.\} and Wheatley, \{P. J.\} and K. Aggarwal and E. Ahrer and Alam, \{M. K.\} and L. Alderson and Allen, \{N. H.\} and A. Banerjee and S. Barat and D. Barrado and Barstow, \{J. K.\} and Bell, \{T. J.\} and J. Blecic and J. Brande and S. Casewell and Q. Changeat and Chubb, \{K. L.\} and N. Crouzet and T. Daylan and L. Decin and J. D{\'e}sert and T. Mikal-Evans and Feinstein, \{A. D.\} and L. Flagg and Fortney, \{J. J.\} and J. Harrington and K. Heng and Y. Hong and R. Hu and N. Iro and T. Kataria and Kempton, \{E. M. -R.\} and J. Krick and M. Lendl and J. Lillo-Box and A. Louca and J. Lustig-Yaeger and L. Mancini and M. Mansfield and Mayne, \{N. J.\} and Y. Miguel and G. Morello and K. Ohno and E. Palle and \{Petit dit de la Roche\}, \{D. J. M.\} and Rackham, \{B. V.\} and M. Radica and L. Ramos-Rosado and S. Redfield and Rogers, \{L. K.\} and Shkolnik, \{E. L.\} and J. Southworth and J. Teske and P. Tremblin and Tucker, \{G. S.\} and O. Venot and Waalkes, \{W. C.\} and L. Welbanks and X. Zhang and S. Zieba",

note = "Funding: Support for program JWST-ERS-01366 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127. This work benefited from the 2022 Exoplanet Summer Program in the Other Worlds Laboratory (OWL) at the University of California, Santa Cruz, a program funded by the Heising-Simons Foundation.",

year = "2023",

month = feb,

day = "23",

doi = "10.1038/s41586-022-05677-y",

language = "English",

volume = "614",

pages = "659–663",

journal = "Nature",

issn = "0028-0836",

publisher = "Nature Research",

number = "7949",

}

Rustamkulov, Z, Sing, DK, Mukherjee, S, May, EM, Kirk, J, Schlawin, E, Line, MR, Piaulet, C, Carter, AL, Batalha, NE, Goyal, JM, López-Morales, M, Lothringer, JD, MacDonald, RJ, Moran, SE, Stevenson, KB, Wakeford, HR, Espinoza, N, Bean, JL, Batalha, NM, Benneke, B, Berta-Thompson, ZK, Crossfield, IJM, Gao, P, Kreidberg, L, Powell, DK, Cubillos, PE, Gibson, NP, Leconte, J, Molaverdikhani, K, Nikolov, NK, Parmentier, V, Roy, P, Taylor, J, Turner, JD, Wheatley, PJ, Aggarwal, K, Ahrer, E, Alam, MK, Alderson, L, Allen, NH, Banerjee, A, Barat, S, Barrado, D, Barstow, JK, Bell, TJ, Blecic, J, Brande, J, Casewell, S, Changeat, Q, Chubb, KL, Crouzet, N, Daylan, T, Decin, L, Désert, J, Mikal-Evans, T, Feinstein, AD, Flagg, L, Fortney, JJ, Harrington, J, Heng, K, Hong, Y, Hu, R, Iro, N, Kataria, T, Kempton, EM-R, Krick, J, Lendl, M, Lillo-Box, J, Louca, A, Lustig-Yaeger, J, Mancini, L, Mansfield, M, Mayne, NJ, Miguel, Y, Morello, G, Ohno, K, Palle, E, Petit dit de la Roche, DJM, Rackham, BV, Radica, M, Ramos-Rosado, L, Redfield, S, Rogers, LK, Shkolnik, EL, Southworth, J, Teske, J, Tremblin, P, Tucker, GS, Venot, O, Waalkes, WC, Welbanks, L, Zhang, X & Zieba, S 2023, 'Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec PRISM', Nature, vol. 614, no. 7949, pp. 659–663. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05677-y

TY - JOUR

T1 - Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec PRISM

AU - Rustamkulov, Z.

AU - Sing, D. K.

AU - Mukherjee, S.

AU - May, E. M.

AU - Kirk, J.

AU - Schlawin, E.

AU - Line, M. R.

AU - Piaulet, C.

AU - Carter, A. L.

AU - Batalha, N. E.

AU - Goyal, J. M.

AU - López-Morales, M.

AU - Lothringer, J. D.

AU - MacDonald, R. J.

AU - Moran, S. E.

AU - Stevenson, K. B.

AU - Wakeford, H. R.

AU - Espinoza, N.

AU - Bean, J. L.

AU - Batalha, N. M.

AU - Benneke, B.

AU - Berta-Thompson, Z. K.

AU - Crossfield, I. J. M.

AU - Gao, P.

AU - Kreidberg, L.

AU - Powell, D. K.

AU - Cubillos, P. E.

AU - Gibson, N. P.

AU - Leconte, J.

AU - Molaverdikhani, K.

AU - Nikolov, N. K.

AU - Parmentier, V.

AU - Roy, P.

AU - Taylor, J.

AU - Turner, J. D.

AU - Wheatley, P. J.

AU - Aggarwal, K.

AU - Ahrer, E.

AU - Alam, M. K.

AU - Alderson, L.

AU - Allen, N. H.

AU - Banerjee, A.

AU - Barat, S.

AU - Barrado, D.

AU - Barstow, J. K.

AU - Bell, T. J.

AU - Blecic, J.

AU - Brande, J.

AU - Casewell, S.

AU - Changeat, Q.

AU - Chubb, K. L.

AU - Crouzet, N.

AU - Daylan, T.

AU - Decin, L.

AU - Désert, J.

AU - Mikal-Evans, T.

AU - Feinstein, A. D.

AU - Flagg, L.

AU - Fortney, J. J.

AU - Harrington, J.

AU - Heng, K.

AU - Hong, Y.

AU - Hu, R.

AU - Iro, N.

AU - Kataria, T.

AU - Kempton, E. M. -R.

AU - Krick, J.

AU - Lendl, M.

AU - Lillo-Box, J.

AU - Louca, A.

AU - Lustig-Yaeger, J.

AU - Mancini, L.

AU - Mansfield, M.

AU - Mayne, N. J.

AU - Miguel, Y.

AU - Morello, G.

AU - Ohno, K.

AU - Palle, E.

AU - Petit dit de la Roche, D. J. M.

AU - Rackham, B. V.

AU - Radica, M.

AU - Ramos-Rosado, L.

AU - Redfield, S.

AU - Rogers, L. K.

AU - Shkolnik, E. L.

AU - Southworth, J.

AU - Teske, J.

AU - Tremblin, P.

AU - Tucker, G. S.

AU - Venot, O.

AU - Waalkes, W. C.

AU - Welbanks, L.

AU - Zhang, X.

AU - Zieba, S.

N1 - Funding: Support for program JWST-ERS-01366 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127. This work benefited from the 2022 Exoplanet Summer Program in the Other Worlds Laboratory (OWL) at the University of California, Santa Cruz, a program funded by the Heising-Simons Foundation.

PY - 2023/2/23

Y1 - 2023/2/23

N2 - Transmission spectroscopy1,2,3 of exoplanets has revealed signatures of water vapor, aerosols, and alkali metals in a few dozen exoplanet atmospheres4,5. However, these previous inferences with the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes were hindered by the observations’ relatively narrow wavelength range and spectral resolving power, which precluded the unambiguous identification of other chemical species — in particular the primary carbon-bearing molecules6,7. Here we report a broad-wavelength 0.5–5.5 µm atmospheric transmission spectrum of WASP39 b8, a 1200 K, roughly Saturn-mass, Jupiter-radius exoplanet, measured with JWST NIRSpec’s PRISM mode9 as part of the JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Team program10,11,12. We robustly detect multiple chemical species at high significance, including Na (19σ), H2O (33σ), CO2 (28σ), and CO (7σ). The non-detection of CH4, combined with a strong CO2 feature, favours atmospheric models with a super-solar atmospheric metallicity. An unanticipated absorption feature at 4µm is best explained by SO2 (2.7σ), which could be a tracer of atmospheric photochemistry. These observations demonstrate JWST’s sensitivity to a rich diversity of exoplanet compositions and chemical processes.

AB - Transmission spectroscopy1,2,3 of exoplanets has revealed signatures of water vapor, aerosols, and alkali metals in a few dozen exoplanet atmospheres4,5. However, these previous inferences with the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes were hindered by the observations’ relatively narrow wavelength range and spectral resolving power, which precluded the unambiguous identification of other chemical species — in particular the primary carbon-bearing molecules6,7. Here we report a broad-wavelength 0.5–5.5 µm atmospheric transmission spectrum of WASP39 b8, a 1200 K, roughly Saturn-mass, Jupiter-radius exoplanet, measured with JWST NIRSpec’s PRISM mode9 as part of the JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Team program10,11,12. We robustly detect multiple chemical species at high significance, including Na (19σ), H2O (33σ), CO2 (28σ), and CO (7σ). The non-detection of CH4, combined with a strong CO2 feature, favours atmospheric models with a super-solar atmospheric metallicity. An unanticipated absorption feature at 4µm is best explained by SO2 (2.7σ), which could be a tracer of atmospheric photochemistry. These observations demonstrate JWST’s sensitivity to a rich diversity of exoplanet compositions and chemical processes.

U2 - 10.1038/s41586-022-05677-y

DO - 10.1038/s41586-022-05677-y

M3 - Article

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 614

SP - 659

EP - 663

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 7949

ER -

Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec PRISM

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