Dynamo processes and activity cycles of the active stars AB Doradus, LQ Hydrae and HR 1099

In this paper, we present new brightness and magnetic surface images of the young KO dwarfs AB Doradus and LQ Hydrae, and of the K1 subgiant of the RS CVn system HR 1099 (=V711 Tauri), reconstructed from Zeeman-Doppler imaging spectropolarimetric observations collected at the Anglo-Australian Telescope during five observing campaigns (totalling 50 nights), from 1998 January to 2002 January. Along with the older images of the same stars (published in previous papers), our complete data set represents the first long-term series on temporal fluctuations of magnetic topologies of very active stars.

All of the magnetic images presented here indicate that large regions with predominantly azimuthal magnetic fields are continuously present at the surfaces of these stars. We take this as further evidence that the underlying dynamo processes that produce them are probably distributed throughout the entire convective zone (and not confined at its base, as in the Sun). We speculate that the radial and azimuthal field maps that we recover correspond, respectively, to the poloidal and toroidal components of the large-scale dynamo field.

We find, in particular, that some signatures, for instance the relative fraction of magnetic energy stored in the large-scale poloidal and toroidal field components, and the polarity of the axisymmetric component of the field, are variable with time, and provide potentially fruitful diagnostics for investigating magnetic cycles in active stars other than the Sun. We report here the detection of partial polarity switches in some of the axisymmetric field components of two of our programme stars (AB Dor and LQ Hya), suggesting that the dynamo operating in these stars may be cyclic.