Direct observation of the energy gain underpinning ferromagnetic superexchange in the electronic structure of CrGeTe3

Matthew D. Watson; Igor Marković; Federico Mazzola; Akhil Rajan; Edgar A. Morales; David M. Burn; Thorsten Hesjedal; Gerrit van der Laan; Saumya Mukherjee; Timur K. Kim; Chiara Bigi; Ivana Vobornik; Monica Ciomaga Hatnean; Geetha Balakrishnan; Philip D. C. King

Direct observation of the energy gain underpinning ferromagnetic superexchange in the electronic structure of CrGeTe₃

Matthew D. Watson, Igor Marković, Federico Mazzola, Akhil Rajan, Edgar A. Morales, David M. Burn, Thorsten Hesjedal, Gerrit van der Laan, Saumya Mukherjee, Timur K. Kim, Chiara Bigi, Ivana Vobornik, Monica Ciomaga Hatnean, Geetha Balakrishnan, Philip D. C. King

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We investigate the temperature-dependent electronic structure of the van der Waals ferromagnet, CrGeTe₃. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we identify atomic- and orbital-specific band shifts upon cooling through T_C. From these, together with x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements, we identify the states created by a covalent bond between the Te 5p and the Cr e_g orbitals as the primary driver of the ferromagnetic ordering in this system, while it is the Cr t_2g states that carry the majority of the spin moment. The t_2g states furthermore exhibit a marked bandwidth increase and a remarkable lifetime enhancement upon entering the ordered phase, pointing to a delicate interplay between localized and itinerant states in this family of layered ferromagnets.

Original language	English
Article number	205125
Journal	Physical Review. B, Condensed matter and materials physics
Volume	101
Publication status	Published - 18 May 2020

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Copyright © 2020 American Physical Society. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the author created accepted manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://journals.aps.org/prb/accepted/2907eKfbZ5c1540195800b053fbcda3244f7147c3
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Watson, M. D., Marković, I., Mazzola, F., Rajan, A., Morales, E. A., Burn, D. M., Hesjedal, T., van der Laan, G., Mukherjee, S., Kim, T. K., Bigi, C., Vobornik, I., Hatnean, M. C., Balakrishnan, G., & King, P. D. C. (2020). Direct observation of the energy gain underpinning ferromagnetic superexchange in the electronic structure of CrGeTe₃. Physical Review. B, Condensed matter and materials physics, 101, Article 205125.

@article{e9ce66b14cad4d39864eff723f73f70c,

title = "Direct observation of the energy gain underpinning ferromagnetic superexchange in the electronic structure of CrGeTe3",

abstract = "We investigate the temperature-dependent electronic structure of the van der Waals ferromagnet, CrGeTe3. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we identify atomic- and orbital-specific band shifts upon cooling through TC. From these, together with x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements, we identify the states created by a covalent bond between the Te 5p and the Cr eg orbitals as the primary driver of the ferromagnetic ordering in this system, while it is the Cr t2g states that carry the majority of the spin moment. The t2g states furthermore exhibit a marked bandwidth increase and a remarkable lifetime enhancement upon entering the ordered phase, pointing to a delicate interplay between localized and itinerant states in this family of layered ferromagnets.",

author = "Watson, {Matthew D.} and Igor Markovi{\'c} and Federico Mazzola and Akhil Rajan and Morales, {Edgar A.} and Burn, {David M.} and Thorsten Hesjedal and {van der Laan}, Gerrit and Saumya Mukherjee and Kim, {Timur K.} and Chiara Bigi and Ivana Vobornik and Hatnean, {Monica Ciomaga} and Geetha Balakrishnan and King, {Philip D. C.}",

note = "Funding: The Leverhulme Trust (Grant No. RL-2016-006), The Royal Society, and the European Research Council (Grant No. ERC-714193-QUESTDO). Max Planck Research School for Chemistry and Physics of Quantum Materials (IMPRS-CPQM) (I.M. and E.A.M).",

year = "2020",

month = may,

day = "18",

language = "English",

volume = "101",

journal = "Physical Review. B, Condensed matter and materials physics",

issn = "1098-0121",

publisher = "American Physical Society",

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Watson, MD, Marković, I, Mazzola, F, Rajan, A, Morales, EA, Burn, DM, Hesjedal, T, van der Laan, G, Mukherjee, S, Kim, TK, Bigi, C, Vobornik, I, Hatnean, MC, Balakrishnan, G & King, PDC 2020, 'Direct observation of the energy gain underpinning ferromagnetic superexchange in the electronic structure of CrGeTe₃', Physical Review. B, Condensed matter and materials physics, vol. 101, 205125.

TY - JOUR

T1 - Direct observation of the energy gain underpinning ferromagnetic superexchange in the electronic structure of CrGeTe3

AU - Watson, Matthew D.

AU - Marković, Igor

AU - Mazzola, Federico

AU - Rajan, Akhil

AU - Morales, Edgar A.

AU - Burn, David M.

AU - Hesjedal, Thorsten

AU - van der Laan, Gerrit

AU - Mukherjee, Saumya

AU - Kim, Timur K.

AU - Bigi, Chiara

AU - Vobornik, Ivana

AU - Hatnean, Monica Ciomaga

AU - Balakrishnan, Geetha

AU - King, Philip D. C.

N1 - Funding: The Leverhulme Trust (Grant No. RL-2016-006), The Royal Society, and the European Research Council (Grant No. ERC-714193-QUESTDO). Max Planck Research School for Chemistry and Physics of Quantum Materials (IMPRS-CPQM) (I.M. and E.A.M).

PY - 2020/5/18

Y1 - 2020/5/18

N2 - We investigate the temperature-dependent electronic structure of the van der Waals ferromagnet, CrGeTe3. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we identify atomic- and orbital-specific band shifts upon cooling through TC. From these, together with x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements, we identify the states created by a covalent bond between the Te 5p and the Cr eg orbitals as the primary driver of the ferromagnetic ordering in this system, while it is the Cr t2g states that carry the majority of the spin moment. The t2g states furthermore exhibit a marked bandwidth increase and a remarkable lifetime enhancement upon entering the ordered phase, pointing to a delicate interplay between localized and itinerant states in this family of layered ferromagnets.

AB - We investigate the temperature-dependent electronic structure of the van der Waals ferromagnet, CrGeTe3. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we identify atomic- and orbital-specific band shifts upon cooling through TC. From these, together with x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements, we identify the states created by a covalent bond between the Te 5p and the Cr eg orbitals as the primary driver of the ferromagnetic ordering in this system, while it is the Cr t2g states that carry the majority of the spin moment. The t2g states furthermore exhibit a marked bandwidth increase and a remarkable lifetime enhancement upon entering the ordered phase, pointing to a delicate interplay between localized and itinerant states in this family of layered ferromagnets.

UR - https://journals.aps.org/prb/accepted/2907eKfbZ5c1540195800b053fbcda3244f7147c3

M3 - Article

SN - 1098-0121

VL - 101

JO - Physical Review. B, Condensed matter and materials physics

JF - Physical Review. B, Condensed matter and materials physics

M1 - 205125

ER -

Direct observation of the energy gain underpinning ferromagnetic superexchange in the electronic structure of CrGeTe₃

Abstract

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ERC Starting Grant QUESTDO: H2020 ERC Starting Grant QUESTDO