Development of a semi-closed aquaculture system for monitoring of individual amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum), with high survivorship

The European amphioxus Branchiostoma lanceolatum is becoming an important model for developmental studies, and as such requires more study both in the field and in the laboratory. We present an experimental set-up with temperature and flow rate control that allows easy care and monitoring of individual amphioxus. Over the course of several months, 98/100 individuals in two size categories and experiencing different levels of handling stress survived. Flow cytometry and gut contents indicate that the system meets the nutritional needs of the amphioxus. This simple and effective system for separate aquaculture of individual amphioxus prevents infections due to crowding. It should be particularly useful for future breeding, genetic, behavioural and life history studies, and can be easily adapted to other marine organisms.