DECOVID: a UK two-center harmonized database of acute care electronic health records for COVID-19 research

DECOVID Consortium; Louis J. M. Aslett; Andreea Avramescu; Nicholas Bakewell; Isabel Birds; Louise Bowler; Michael P. J. Camilleri; Sheng-Chia Chung; David A. Clifton; Samuel N. Cohen; Nathan Constantine-Cooke; Eric G. Daub; Shaun Davidson; Spiros Denaxas; Karla Diaz-Ordaz; Richard Feltbower; Suzy Gallier; Stephen Gardiner; Francesca Gasperoni; Robert J. B. Goudie; Rebecca E. Green; Marlous Hall; Chris Holmes; John R. Hurst; Mark M. Iles; Joao Jorge; Emma Karoune; Ruth Keogh; Ruairidh King; Ruth King; Paul D. W. Kirk; Roman Klapaukh; Samaneh Kouchaki; Alvina G. Lai; Nathan Lea; Clemence Leyrat; Kezhi Li; Watjana Lilaonitkul; Huiqi Y. Lu; Terry Lyons; Ann Marie Mallon; Andrew Manderson; Nicolò Margaritella; Joshua Matteson; Sam Morley; Hannah Nicholls; Martin O’Reilly; Christina Pagel; Edward Palmer; Jack Roberts; Timothy J. Roberts; David S. Robertson; James Robinson; Patrick Rockenschaub; Roy Ruddle; Elizabeth Sapey; Luis Santos; Andrew A. S. Soltan; Fang Gao Smith; Colin Starr; Oliver Strickson; Li Su; Mia S. Tackney; Johan H. Thygesen; Ana Torralbo; Alice Turner; Catalina A. Vallejos; Chenyang Wang; Kirstie Whitaker; Tony Whitehouse; David R. Westhead; Wai Keong Wong; Yue Wu; Lingyi Yang; Xiaoxu Zou

doi:10.3390/data10120195

DECOVID: a UK two-center harmonized database of acute care electronic health records for COVID-19 research

DECOVID Consortium, Louis J. M. Aslett, Andreea Avramescu, Nicholas Bakewell, Isabel Birds, Louise Bowler, Michael P. J. Camilleri, Sheng-Chia Chung, David A. Clifton, Samuel N. Cohen, Nathan Constantine-Cooke, Eric G. Daub, Shaun Davidson, Spiros Denaxas, Karla Diaz-Ordaz, Richard Feltbower, Suzy Gallier, Stephen Gardiner, Francesca Gasperoni, Robert J. B. Goudie^*Rebecca E. Green, Marlous Hall, Chris Holmes, John R. Hurst, Mark M. Iles, Joao Jorge, Emma Karoune, Ruth Keogh, Ruairidh King, Ruth King, Paul D. W. Kirk, Roman Klapaukh, Samaneh Kouchaki, Alvina G. Lai, Nathan Lea, Clemence Leyrat, Kezhi Li, Watjana Lilaonitkul, Huiqi Y. Lu, Terry Lyons, Ann Marie Mallon, Andrew Manderson, Nicolò Margaritella, Joshua Matteson, Sam Morley, Hannah Nicholls, Martin O’Reilly, Christina Pagel, Edward Palmer, Jack Roberts, Timothy J. Roberts, David S. Robertson, James Robinson, Patrick Rockenschaub, Roy Ruddle, Elizabeth Sapey, Luis Santos, Andrew A. S. Soltan, Fang Gao Smith, Colin Starr, Oliver Strickson, Li Su, Mia S. Tackney, Johan H. Thygesen, Ana Torralbo, Alice Turner, Catalina A. Vallejos, Chenyang Wang, Kirstie Whitaker, Tony Whitehouse, David R. Westhead, Wai Keong Wong, Yue Wu, Lingyi Yang, Xiaoxu Zou

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

The DECOVID database contains harmonized pseudonymized electronic health record (EHR) data on all adult (≥18 years old) patients presenting to two large, digitally mature centers in the United Kingdom between 1 January 2020 and 28 February 2021, with follow-up until at least 28 March 2021. The database was originally developed to support the COVID-19 response but is now available via the PIONEER data hub for researchers to explore a wide range of research questions, including exploratory analyses, risk factor assessment, prediction modeling, and comparative effectiveness studies. Raw data were extracted from local EHRs and transformed into a standardized form (Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics-Common Data Model version 5.3.1). The database includes 165,420 patients across 256,804 hospital presentations. For these patients, highly granular data are available, including patient demographics, longitudinal vital signs, physiology, treatments, laboratory findings, clinical diagnoses, and outcomes. There are 10,030 patients with COVID-19, of whom 1472 died in hospital.

Original language	English
Article number	195
Number of pages	27
Journal	Data
Volume	10
Issue number	12
Early online date	23 Nov 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/data10120195
Publication status	Published - 1 Dec 2025

Keywords

Hospital data
Electronic health record
COVID-19

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10.3390/data10120195Licence: CC BY

DECOVID_2025_Data_Database-acute-care-records-COVID_CC
© 2025 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Final published version, 2.52 MBLicence: CC BY

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DECOVID Consortium, Aslett, L. J. M., Avramescu, A., Bakewell, N., Birds, I., Bowler, L., Camilleri, M. P. J., Chung, S.-C., Clifton, D. A., Cohen, S. N., Constantine-Cooke, N., Daub, E. G., Davidson, S., Denaxas, S., Diaz-Ordaz, K., Feltbower, R., Gallier, S., Gardiner, S., Gasperoni, F., ... Zou, X. (2025). DECOVID: a UK two-center harmonized database of acute care electronic health records for COVID-19 research. Data, 10(12), Article 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/data10120195

@article{dbdc29fd14b141109c415f7bb2a0a5ae,

title = "DECOVID: a UK two-center harmonized database of acute care electronic health records for COVID-19 research",

abstract = "The DECOVID database contains harmonized pseudonymized electronic health record (EHR) data on all adult (≥18 years old) patients presenting to two large, digitally mature centers in the United Kingdom between 1 January 2020 and 28 February 2021, with follow-up until at least 28 March 2021. The database was originally developed to support the COVID-19 response but is now available via the PIONEER data hub for researchers to explore a wide range of research questions, including exploratory analyses, risk factor assessment, prediction modeling, and comparative effectiveness studies. Raw data were extracted from local EHRs and transformed into a standardized form (Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics-Common Data Model version 5.3.1). The database includes 165,420 patients across 256,804 hospital presentations. For these patients, highly granular data are available, including patient demographics, longitudinal vital signs, physiology, treatments, laboratory findings, clinical diagnoses, and outcomes. There are 10,030 patients with COVID-19, of whom 1472 died in hospital.",

keywords = "Hospital data, Electronic health record, COVID-19",

author = "\{DECOVID Consortium\} and Aslett, \{Louis J. M.\} and Andreea Avramescu and Nicholas Bakewell and Isabel Birds and Louise Bowler and Camilleri, \{Michael P. J.\} and Sheng-Chia Chung and Clifton, \{David A.\} and Cohen, \{Samuel N.\} and Nathan Constantine-Cooke and Daub, \{Eric G.\} and Shaun Davidson and Spiros Denaxas and Karla Diaz-Ordaz and Richard Feltbower and Suzy Gallier and Stephen Gardiner and Francesca Gasperoni and Goudie, \{Robert J. B.\} and Green, \{Rebecca E.\} and Marlous Hall and Chris Holmes and Hurst, \{John R.\} and Iles, \{Mark M.\} and Joao Jorge and Emma Karoune and Ruth Keogh and Ruairidh King and Ruth King and Kirk, \{Paul D. W.\} and Roman Klapaukh and Samaneh Kouchaki and Lai, \{Alvina G.\} and Nathan Lea and Clemence Leyrat and Kezhi Li and Watjana Lilaonitkul and Lu, \{Huiqi Y.\} and Terry Lyons and Mallon, \{Ann Marie\} and Andrew Manderson and Nicol{\`o} Margaritella and Joshua Matteson and Sam Morley and Hannah Nicholls and Martin O{\textquoteright}Reilly and Christina Pagel and Edward Palmer and Jack Roberts and Roberts, \{Timothy J.\} and Robertson, \{David S.\} and James Robinson and Patrick Rockenschaub and Roy Ruddle and Elizabeth Sapey and Luis Santos and Soltan, \{Andrew A. S.\} and Smith, \{Fang Gao\} and Colin Starr and Oliver Strickson and Li Su and Tackney, \{Mia S.\} and Thygesen, \{Johan H.\} and Ana Torralbo and Alice Turner and Vallejos, \{Catalina A.\} and Chenyang Wang and Kirstie Whitaker and Tony Whitehouse and Westhead, \{David R.\} and Wong, \{Wai Keong\} and Yue Wu and Lingyi Yang and Xiaoxu Zou",

note = "Funding: This work was supported by the EPSRC (under the grant EP/N510129/1) through the DECOVID project. David A Clifton was funded by the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, an RAEng Research Chair, and an NIHR Research Professorship; Shaun Davidson was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). Suzy Gallier reports funding support from HDRUK, MRC and NIHR; Francesca Gasperoni was funded by UKRI Medical Research Council (programme code MRC\_MC\_UU\_00002/5); Robert JB Goudie was funded by UKRI Medical Research Council (MRC) (programme codes MC\_ UU\_00002/2, MC\_UU\_00002/20 and MC\_UU\_00040/04) and supported by National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR203312); Marlous Hall received funding from the Wellcome Trust (ref:206470/Z/17/Z); Mark Iles was supported in part by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (NIHR203331); Joao Jorge was funded by RCUK Digital Economy Programme, under Grant EP/G036861/1 (Oxford Centre for Doctoral Training in Healthcare Innovation); Watjana Lilaonitkul was funded by a MRC Rutherford Fellowship (funded by HDRUK via the MRC); Huiqi Y Lu was funded by the Royal Academy of Engineering Daphne Jackson Research Fellowship; Hannah Nicholls was funded by a British Heart Foundation PhD Studentship; Edward Palmer was funded by MRC Doctoral Training Programme; E Sapey reports funding support from HDRUK, MRC, Wellcome Trust, EPSRC and NIHR; Fang Gao Smith was funded by as a NIHR Senior Investigator; Alice Turner is also funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Midlands Patient Safety Research Collaboration (PSRC), as well as NIHR EME and HTA; Andrew Soltan was funded by an NIHR Academic Clinical Fellowship (ACF-2020-13-015); David R. Westhead is supported in part by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (NIHR203331); Lingyi Yang was funded by EPSRC [EP/S026347/1] and the Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission (InnoHK Project CIMDA).",

year = "2025",

month = dec,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3390/data10120195",

language = "English",

volume = "10",

journal = "Data",

issn = "2306-5729",

publisher = "MDPI",

number = "12",

}

DECOVID Consortium, Aslett, LJM, Avramescu, A, Bakewell, N, Birds, I, Bowler, L, Camilleri, MPJ, Chung, S-C, Clifton, DA, Cohen, SN, Constantine-Cooke, N, Daub, EG, Davidson, S, Denaxas, S, Diaz-Ordaz, K, Feltbower, R, Gallier, S, Gardiner, S, Gasperoni, F, Goudie, RJB, Green, RE, Hall, M, Holmes, C, Hurst, JR, Iles, MM, Jorge, J, Karoune, E, Keogh, R, King, R, King, R, Kirk, PDW, Klapaukh, R, Kouchaki, S, Lai, AG, Lea, N, Leyrat, C, Li, K, Lilaonitkul, W, Lu, HY, Lyons, T, Mallon, AM, Manderson, A, Margaritella, N, Matteson, J, Morley, S, Nicholls, H, O’Reilly, M, Pagel, C, Palmer, E, Roberts, J, Roberts, TJ, Robertson, DS, Robinson, J, Rockenschaub, P, Ruddle, R, Sapey, E, Santos, L, Soltan, AAS, Smith, FG, Starr, C, Strickson, O, Su, L, Tackney, MS, Thygesen, JH, Torralbo, A, Turner, A, Vallejos, CA, Wang, C, Whitaker, K, Whitehouse, T, Westhead, DR, Wong, WK, Wu, Y, Yang, L & Zou, X 2025, 'DECOVID: a UK two-center harmonized database of acute care electronic health records for COVID-19 research', Data, vol. 10, no. 12, 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/data10120195

TY - JOUR

T1 - DECOVID

T2 - a UK two-center harmonized database of acute care electronic health records for COVID-19 research

AU - DECOVID Consortium

AU - Aslett, Louis J. M.

AU - Avramescu, Andreea

AU - Bakewell, Nicholas

AU - Birds, Isabel

AU - Bowler, Louise

AU - Camilleri, Michael P. J.

AU - Chung, Sheng-Chia

AU - Clifton, David A.

AU - Cohen, Samuel N.

AU - Constantine-Cooke, Nathan

AU - Daub, Eric G.

AU - Davidson, Shaun

AU - Denaxas, Spiros

AU - Diaz-Ordaz, Karla

AU - Feltbower, Richard

AU - Gallier, Suzy

AU - Gardiner, Stephen

AU - Gasperoni, Francesca

AU - Goudie, Robert J. B.

AU - Green, Rebecca E.

AU - Hall, Marlous

AU - Holmes, Chris

AU - Hurst, John R.

AU - Iles, Mark M.

AU - Jorge, Joao

AU - Karoune, Emma

AU - Keogh, Ruth

AU - King, Ruairidh

AU - King, Ruth

AU - Kirk, Paul D. W.

AU - Klapaukh, Roman

AU - Kouchaki, Samaneh

AU - Lai, Alvina G.

AU - Lea, Nathan

AU - Leyrat, Clemence

AU - Li, Kezhi

AU - Lilaonitkul, Watjana

AU - Lu, Huiqi Y.

AU - Lyons, Terry

AU - Mallon, Ann Marie

AU - Manderson, Andrew

AU - Margaritella, Nicolò

AU - Matteson, Joshua

AU - Morley, Sam

AU - Nicholls, Hannah

AU - O’Reilly, Martin

AU - Pagel, Christina

AU - Palmer, Edward

AU - Roberts, Jack

AU - Roberts, Timothy J.

AU - Robertson, David S.

AU - Robinson, James

AU - Rockenschaub, Patrick

AU - Ruddle, Roy

AU - Sapey, Elizabeth

AU - Santos, Luis

AU - Soltan, Andrew A. S.

AU - Smith, Fang Gao

AU - Starr, Colin

AU - Strickson, Oliver

AU - Su, Li

AU - Tackney, Mia S.

AU - Thygesen, Johan H.

AU - Torralbo, Ana

AU - Turner, Alice

AU - Vallejos, Catalina A.

AU - Wang, Chenyang

AU - Whitaker, Kirstie

AU - Whitehouse, Tony

AU - Westhead, David R.

AU - Wong, Wai Keong

AU - Wu, Yue

AU - Yang, Lingyi

AU - Zou, Xiaoxu

N1 - Funding: This work was supported by the EPSRC (under the grant EP/N510129/1) through the DECOVID project. David A Clifton was funded by the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, an RAEng Research Chair, and an NIHR Research Professorship; Shaun Davidson was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). Suzy Gallier reports funding support from HDRUK, MRC and NIHR; Francesca Gasperoni was funded by UKRI Medical Research Council (programme code MRC_MC_UU_00002/5); Robert JB Goudie was funded by UKRI Medical Research Council (MRC) (programme codes MC_ UU_00002/2, MC_UU_00002/20 and MC_UU_00040/04) and supported by National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR203312); Marlous Hall received funding from the Wellcome Trust (ref:206470/Z/17/Z); Mark Iles was supported in part by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (NIHR203331); Joao Jorge was funded by RCUK Digital Economy Programme, under Grant EP/G036861/1 (Oxford Centre for Doctoral Training in Healthcare Innovation); Watjana Lilaonitkul was funded by a MRC Rutherford Fellowship (funded by HDRUK via the MRC); Huiqi Y Lu was funded by the Royal Academy of Engineering Daphne Jackson Research Fellowship; Hannah Nicholls was funded by a British Heart Foundation PhD Studentship; Edward Palmer was funded by MRC Doctoral Training Programme; E Sapey reports funding support from HDRUK, MRC, Wellcome Trust, EPSRC and NIHR; Fang Gao Smith was funded by as a NIHR Senior Investigator; Alice Turner is also funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Midlands Patient Safety Research Collaboration (PSRC), as well as NIHR EME and HTA; Andrew Soltan was funded by an NIHR Academic Clinical Fellowship (ACF-2020-13-015); David R. Westhead is supported in part by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (NIHR203331); Lingyi Yang was funded by EPSRC [EP/S026347/1] and the Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission (InnoHK Project CIMDA).

PY - 2025/12/1

Y1 - 2025/12/1

N2 - The DECOVID database contains harmonized pseudonymized electronic health record (EHR) data on all adult (≥18 years old) patients presenting to two large, digitally mature centers in the United Kingdom between 1 January 2020 and 28 February 2021, with follow-up until at least 28 March 2021. The database was originally developed to support the COVID-19 response but is now available via the PIONEER data hub for researchers to explore a wide range of research questions, including exploratory analyses, risk factor assessment, prediction modeling, and comparative effectiveness studies. Raw data were extracted from local EHRs and transformed into a standardized form (Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics-Common Data Model version 5.3.1). The database includes 165,420 patients across 256,804 hospital presentations. For these patients, highly granular data are available, including patient demographics, longitudinal vital signs, physiology, treatments, laboratory findings, clinical diagnoses, and outcomes. There are 10,030 patients with COVID-19, of whom 1472 died in hospital.

AB - The DECOVID database contains harmonized pseudonymized electronic health record (EHR) data on all adult (≥18 years old) patients presenting to two large, digitally mature centers in the United Kingdom between 1 January 2020 and 28 February 2021, with follow-up until at least 28 March 2021. The database was originally developed to support the COVID-19 response but is now available via the PIONEER data hub for researchers to explore a wide range of research questions, including exploratory analyses, risk factor assessment, prediction modeling, and comparative effectiveness studies. Raw data were extracted from local EHRs and transformed into a standardized form (Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics-Common Data Model version 5.3.1). The database includes 165,420 patients across 256,804 hospital presentations. For these patients, highly granular data are available, including patient demographics, longitudinal vital signs, physiology, treatments, laboratory findings, clinical diagnoses, and outcomes. There are 10,030 patients with COVID-19, of whom 1472 died in hospital.

KW - Hospital data

KW - Electronic health record

KW - COVID-19

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105028475260

U2 - 10.3390/data10120195

DO - 10.3390/data10120195

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105028475260

SN - 2306-5729

VL - 10

JO - Data

JF - Data

IS - 12

M1 - 195

ER -

DECOVID: a UK two-center harmonized database of acute care electronic health records for COVID-19 research

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