Debris disk results from the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey's polarimetric imaging campaign

Thomas M. Esposito; Paul Kalas; Michael P. Fitzgerald; Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer; Gaspard Duchêne; Jennifer Patience; Justin Hom; Marshall D. Perrin; Robert J. De Rosa; Eugene Chiang; Ian Czekala; Bruce Macintosh; James R. Graham; Megan Ansdell; Pauline Arriaga; Sebastian Bruzzone; Joanna Bulger; Christine H. Chen; Tara Cotten; Ruobing Dong; Zachary H. Draper; Katherine B. Follette; Li-Wei Hung; Ronald Lopez; Brenda C. Matthews; Johan Mazoyer; Stan Metchev; Julien Rameau; Bin Ren; Malena Rice; Inseok Song; Kevin Stahl; Jason Wang; Schuyler Wolff; Ben Zuckerman; S. Mark Ammons; Vanessa P. Bailey; Travis Barman; Jeffrey Chilcote; Rene Doyon; Benjamin L. Gerard; Stephen J. Goodsell; Alexandra Z. Greenbaum; Pascale Hibon; Sasha Hinkley; Patrick Ingraham; Quinn Konopacky; Jérôme Maire; Franck Marchis; Mark S. Marley; Christian Marois; Eric L. Nielsen; Rebecca Oppenheimer; David Palmer; Lisa Poyneer; Laurent Pueyo; Abhijith Rajan; Fredrik T. Rantakyrö; Jean-Baptiste Ruffio; Dmitry Savransky; Adam C. Schneider; Anand Sivaramakrishnan; Rémi Soummer; Sandrine Thomas; Kimberly Ward-Duong

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab9199

Debris disk results from the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey's polarimetric imaging campaign

Thomas M. Esposito^*, Paul Kalas, Michael P. Fitzgerald, Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer, Gaspard Duchêne, Jennifer Patience, Justin Hom, Marshall D. Perrin, Robert J. De Rosa, Eugene Chiang, Ian Czekala, Bruce Macintosh, James R. Graham, Megan Ansdell, Pauline Arriaga, Sebastian Bruzzone, Joanna Bulger, Christine H. Chen, Tara Cotten, Ruobing DongZachary H. Draper, Katherine B. Follette, Li-Wei Hung, Ronald Lopez, Brenda C. Matthews, Johan Mazoyer, Stan Metchev, Julien Rameau, Bin Ren, Malena Rice, Inseok Song, Kevin Stahl, Jason Wang, Schuyler Wolff, Ben Zuckerman, S. Mark Ammons, Vanessa P. Bailey, Travis Barman, Jeffrey Chilcote, Rene Doyon, Benjamin L. Gerard, Stephen J. Goodsell, Alexandra Z. Greenbaum, Pascale Hibon, Sasha Hinkley, Patrick Ingraham, Quinn Konopacky, Jérôme Maire, Franck Marchis, Mark S. Marley, Christian Marois, Eric L. Nielsen, Rebecca Oppenheimer, David Palmer, Lisa Poyneer, Laurent Pueyo, Abhijith Rajan, Fredrik T. Rantakyrö, Jean-Baptiste Ruffio, Dmitry Savransky, Adam C. Schneider, Anand Sivaramakrishnan, Rémi Soummer, Sandrine Thomas, Kimberly Ward-Duong

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We report the results of a ∼4 yr direct imaging survey of 104 stars to resolve and characterize circumstellar debris disks in scattered light as part of the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) Exoplanet Survey. We targeted nearby (≲150 pc), young (≲500 Myr) stars with high infrared (IR) excesses (LIR/L⋆ > 10^-5), including 38 with previously resolved disks. Observations were made using the GPI high-contrast integral field spectrograph in H-band (1.6 μm) coronagraphic polarimetry mode to measure both polarized and total intensities. We resolved 26 debris disks and 3 protoplanetary/transitional disks. Seven debris disks were resolved in scattered light for the first time, including newly presented HD 117214 and HD 156623, and we quantified basic morphologies of five of them using radiative transfer models. All of our detected debris disks except HD 156623 have dust-poor inner holes, and their scattered-light radii are generally larger than corresponding radii measured from resolved thermal emission and those inferred from spectral energy distributions. To assess sensitivity, we report contrasts and consider causes of nondetections. Detections were strongly correlated with high IR excess and high inclination, although polarimetry outperformed total intensity angular differential imaging for detecting low-inclination disks (≲70°). Based on postsurvey statistics, we improved upon our presurvey target prioritization metric predicting polarimetric disk detectability. We also examined scattered-light disks in the contexts of gas, far-IR, and millimeter detections. Comparing H-band and ALMA fluxes for two disks revealed tentative evidence for differing grain properties. Finally, we found no preference for debris disks to be detected in scattered light if wide-separation substellar companions were present.

Original language	English
Article number	24
Number of pages	44
Journal	Astronomical Journal
Volume	160
Issue number	1
Early online date	15 Jun 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab9199
Publication status	Published - 1 Jul 2020

Keywords

Astronomy data modeling
Surveys
Debris disks
Circumstellar dust
Exoplanet systems
Protoplanetary disks
Direct imaging
Near infrared astronomy
Circumstellar disks
Coronagraphic imaging
Polarimetry

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Esposito, T. M., Kalas, P., Fitzgerald, M. P., Millar-Blanchaer, M. A., Duchêne, G., Patience, J., Hom, J., Perrin, M. D., De Rosa, R. J., Chiang, E., Czekala, I., Macintosh, B., Graham, J. R., Ansdell, M., Arriaga, P., Bruzzone, S., Bulger, J., Chen, C. H., Cotten, T., ... Ward-Duong, K. (2020). Debris disk results from the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey's polarimetric imaging campaign. Astronomical Journal, 160(1), Article 24. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab9199

@article{7a1fc3c2d9884370b79d5cb12e5eacb8,

title = "Debris disk results from the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey's polarimetric imaging campaign",

abstract = "We report the results of a ∼4 yr direct imaging survey of 104 stars to resolve and characterize circumstellar debris disks in scattered light as part of the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) Exoplanet Survey. We targeted nearby (≲150 pc), young (≲500 Myr) stars with high infrared (IR) excesses (LIR/L⋆ > 10-5), including 38 with previously resolved disks. Observations were made using the GPI high-contrast integral field spectrograph in H-band (1.6 μm) coronagraphic polarimetry mode to measure both polarized and total intensities. We resolved 26 debris disks and 3 protoplanetary/transitional disks. Seven debris disks were resolved in scattered light for the first time, including newly presented HD 117214 and HD 156623, and we quantified basic morphologies of five of them using radiative transfer models. All of our detected debris disks except HD 156623 have dust-poor inner holes, and their scattered-light radii are generally larger than corresponding radii measured from resolved thermal emission and those inferred from spectral energy distributions. To assess sensitivity, we report contrasts and consider causes of nondetections. Detections were strongly correlated with high IR excess and high inclination, although polarimetry outperformed total intensity angular differential imaging for detecting low-inclination disks (≲70°). Based on postsurvey statistics, we improved upon our presurvey target prioritization metric predicting polarimetric disk detectability. We also examined scattered-light disks in the contexts of gas, far-IR, and millimeter detections. Comparing H-band and ALMA fluxes for two disks revealed tentative evidence for differing grain properties. Finally, we found no preference for debris disks to be detected in scattered light if wide-separation substellar companions were present.",

keywords = "Astronomy data modeling, Surveys, Debris disks, Circumstellar dust, Exoplanet systems, Protoplanetary disks, Direct imaging, Near infrared astronomy, Circumstellar disks, Coronagraphic imaging, Polarimetry",

author = "Esposito, {Thomas M.} and Paul Kalas and Fitzgerald, {Michael P.} and Millar-Blanchaer, {Maxwell A.} and Gaspard Duch{\^e}ne and Jennifer Patience and Justin Hom and Perrin, {Marshall D.} and {De Rosa}, {Robert J.} and Eugene Chiang and Ian Czekala and Bruce Macintosh and Graham, {James R.} and Megan Ansdell and Pauline Arriaga and Sebastian Bruzzone and Joanna Bulger and Chen, {Christine H.} and Tara Cotten and Ruobing Dong and Draper, {Zachary H.} and Follette, {Katherine B.} and Li-Wei Hung and Ronald Lopez and Matthews, {Brenda C.} and Johan Mazoyer and Stan Metchev and Julien Rameau and Bin Ren and Malena Rice and Inseok Song and Kevin Stahl and Jason Wang and Schuyler Wolff and Ben Zuckerman and Ammons, {S. Mark} and Bailey, {Vanessa P.} and Travis Barman and Jeffrey Chilcote and Rene Doyon and Gerard, {Benjamin L.} and Goodsell, {Stephen J.} and Greenbaum, {Alexandra Z.} and Pascale Hibon and Sasha Hinkley and Patrick Ingraham and Quinn Konopacky and J{\'e}r{\^o}me Maire and Franck Marchis and Marley, {Mark S.} and Christian Marois and Nielsen, {Eric L.} and Rebecca Oppenheimer and David Palmer and Lisa Poyneer and Laurent Pueyo and Abhijith Rajan and Rantakyr{\"o}, {Fredrik T.} and Jean-Baptiste Ruffio and Dmitry Savransky and Schneider, {Adam C.} and Anand Sivaramakrishnan and R{\'e}mi Soummer and Sandrine Thomas and Kimberly Ward-Duong",

note = "Funding: Supported by NSF grants AST-1411868 (E.L.N., K.B.F., B.M., and J.P.), AST-141378 (G.D.), and AST-1518332 (T.M.E., R.J.D.R., J.R.G., P.K., G.D.). Supported by NASA grants NNX14AJ80G (E.L.N., B.M., F.M., and M.P.), NNX15AC89G and NNX15AD95G/NExSS (T.M.E., B.M., R.J.D.R., G.D., J.J.W, J.R.G., P.K.), NN15AB52l (D.S.), and NNX16AD44G (K.M.M.). M.R. is supported by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program under grant number DGE-1752134. J.R. and R.D. acknowledge support from the Fonds de Recherche du Qu{\`e}bec. J. Mazoyer{\textquoteright}s work was performed in part under contract with the California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. M.M.B. and J.M. were supported by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grants #51378.01-A and HST-HF2-51414.001, respectively, and I.C. through Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51405.001-A, awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA, for NASA, under contract NAS5-26555. K.W.D. is supported by an NRAO Student Observing Support Award SOSPA3-007. J.J.W. is supported by the Heising-Simons Foundation 51 Pegasi b postdoctoral fellowship.",

year = "2020",

month = jul,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/ab9199",

language = "English",

volume = "160",

journal = "Astronomical Journal",

issn = "0004-6256",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "1",

}

Esposito, TM, Kalas, P, Fitzgerald, MP, Millar-Blanchaer, MA, Duchêne, G, Patience, J, Hom, J, Perrin, MD, De Rosa, RJ, Chiang, E, Czekala, I, Macintosh, B, Graham, JR, Ansdell, M, Arriaga, P, Bruzzone, S, Bulger, J, Chen, CH, Cotten, T, Dong, R, Draper, ZH, Follette, KB, Hung, L-W, Lopez, R, Matthews, BC, Mazoyer, J, Metchev, S, Rameau, J, Ren, B, Rice, M, Song, I, Stahl, K, Wang, J, Wolff, S, Zuckerman, B, Ammons, SM, Bailey, VP, Barman, T, Chilcote, J, Doyon, R, Gerard, BL, Goodsell, SJ, Greenbaum, AZ, Hibon, P, Hinkley, S, Ingraham, P, Konopacky, Q, Maire, J, Marchis, F, Marley, MS, Marois, C, Nielsen, EL, Oppenheimer, R, Palmer, D, Poyneer, L, Pueyo, L, Rajan, A, Rantakyrö, FT, Ruffio, J-B, Savransky, D, Schneider, AC, Sivaramakrishnan, A, Soummer, R, Thomas, S & Ward-Duong, K 2020, 'Debris disk results from the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey's polarimetric imaging campaign', Astronomical Journal, vol. 160, no. 1, 24. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab9199

TY - JOUR

T1 - Debris disk results from the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey's polarimetric imaging campaign

AU - Esposito, Thomas M.

AU - Kalas, Paul

AU - Fitzgerald, Michael P.

AU - Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A.

AU - Duchêne, Gaspard

AU - Patience, Jennifer

AU - Hom, Justin

AU - Perrin, Marshall D.

AU - De Rosa, Robert J.

AU - Chiang, Eugene

AU - Czekala, Ian

AU - Macintosh, Bruce

AU - Graham, James R.

AU - Ansdell, Megan

AU - Arriaga, Pauline

AU - Bruzzone, Sebastian

AU - Bulger, Joanna

AU - Chen, Christine H.

AU - Cotten, Tara

AU - Dong, Ruobing

AU - Draper, Zachary H.

AU - Follette, Katherine B.

AU - Hung, Li-Wei

AU - Lopez, Ronald

AU - Matthews, Brenda C.

AU - Mazoyer, Johan

AU - Metchev, Stan

AU - Rameau, Julien

AU - Ren, Bin

AU - Rice, Malena

AU - Song, Inseok

AU - Stahl, Kevin

AU - Wang, Jason

AU - Wolff, Schuyler

AU - Zuckerman, Ben

AU - Ammons, S. Mark

AU - Bailey, Vanessa P.

AU - Barman, Travis

AU - Chilcote, Jeffrey

AU - Doyon, Rene

AU - Gerard, Benjamin L.

AU - Goodsell, Stephen J.

AU - Greenbaum, Alexandra Z.

AU - Hibon, Pascale

AU - Hinkley, Sasha

AU - Ingraham, Patrick

AU - Konopacky, Quinn

AU - Maire, Jérôme

AU - Marchis, Franck

AU - Marley, Mark S.

AU - Marois, Christian

AU - Nielsen, Eric L.

AU - Oppenheimer, Rebecca

AU - Palmer, David

AU - Poyneer, Lisa

AU - Pueyo, Laurent

AU - Rajan, Abhijith

AU - Rantakyrö, Fredrik T.

AU - Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste

AU - Savransky, Dmitry

AU - Schneider, Adam C.

AU - Sivaramakrishnan, Anand

AU - Soummer, Rémi

AU - Thomas, Sandrine

AU - Ward-Duong, Kimberly

N1 - Funding: Supported by NSF grants AST-1411868 (E.L.N., K.B.F., B.M., and J.P.), AST-141378 (G.D.), and AST-1518332 (T.M.E., R.J.D.R., J.R.G., P.K., G.D.). Supported by NASA grants NNX14AJ80G (E.L.N., B.M., F.M., and M.P.), NNX15AC89G and NNX15AD95G/NExSS (T.M.E., B.M., R.J.D.R., G.D., J.J.W, J.R.G., P.K.), NN15AB52l (D.S.), and NNX16AD44G (K.M.M.). M.R. is supported by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program under grant number DGE-1752134. J.R. and R.D. acknowledge support from the Fonds de Recherche du Quèbec. J. Mazoyer’s work was performed in part under contract with the California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. M.M.B. and J.M. were supported by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grants #51378.01-A and HST-HF2-51414.001, respectively, and I.C. through Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51405.001-A, awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA, for NASA, under contract NAS5-26555. K.W.D. is supported by an NRAO Student Observing Support Award SOSPA3-007. J.J.W. is supported by the Heising-Simons Foundation 51 Pegasi b postdoctoral fellowship.

PY - 2020/7/1

Y1 - 2020/7/1

N2 - We report the results of a ∼4 yr direct imaging survey of 104 stars to resolve and characterize circumstellar debris disks in scattered light as part of the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) Exoplanet Survey. We targeted nearby (≲150 pc), young (≲500 Myr) stars with high infrared (IR) excesses (LIR/L⋆ > 10-5), including 38 with previously resolved disks. Observations were made using the GPI high-contrast integral field spectrograph in H-band (1.6 μm) coronagraphic polarimetry mode to measure both polarized and total intensities. We resolved 26 debris disks and 3 protoplanetary/transitional disks. Seven debris disks were resolved in scattered light for the first time, including newly presented HD 117214 and HD 156623, and we quantified basic morphologies of five of them using radiative transfer models. All of our detected debris disks except HD 156623 have dust-poor inner holes, and their scattered-light radii are generally larger than corresponding radii measured from resolved thermal emission and those inferred from spectral energy distributions. To assess sensitivity, we report contrasts and consider causes of nondetections. Detections were strongly correlated with high IR excess and high inclination, although polarimetry outperformed total intensity angular differential imaging for detecting low-inclination disks (≲70°). Based on postsurvey statistics, we improved upon our presurvey target prioritization metric predicting polarimetric disk detectability. We also examined scattered-light disks in the contexts of gas, far-IR, and millimeter detections. Comparing H-band and ALMA fluxes for two disks revealed tentative evidence for differing grain properties. Finally, we found no preference for debris disks to be detected in scattered light if wide-separation substellar companions were present.

AB - We report the results of a ∼4 yr direct imaging survey of 104 stars to resolve and characterize circumstellar debris disks in scattered light as part of the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) Exoplanet Survey. We targeted nearby (≲150 pc), young (≲500 Myr) stars with high infrared (IR) excesses (LIR/L⋆ > 10-5), including 38 with previously resolved disks. Observations were made using the GPI high-contrast integral field spectrograph in H-band (1.6 μm) coronagraphic polarimetry mode to measure both polarized and total intensities. We resolved 26 debris disks and 3 protoplanetary/transitional disks. Seven debris disks were resolved in scattered light for the first time, including newly presented HD 117214 and HD 156623, and we quantified basic morphologies of five of them using radiative transfer models. All of our detected debris disks except HD 156623 have dust-poor inner holes, and their scattered-light radii are generally larger than corresponding radii measured from resolved thermal emission and those inferred from spectral energy distributions. To assess sensitivity, we report contrasts and consider causes of nondetections. Detections were strongly correlated with high IR excess and high inclination, although polarimetry outperformed total intensity angular differential imaging for detecting low-inclination disks (≲70°). Based on postsurvey statistics, we improved upon our presurvey target prioritization metric predicting polarimetric disk detectability. We also examined scattered-light disks in the contexts of gas, far-IR, and millimeter detections. Comparing H-band and ALMA fluxes for two disks revealed tentative evidence for differing grain properties. Finally, we found no preference for debris disks to be detected in scattered light if wide-separation substellar companions were present.

KW - Astronomy data modeling

KW - Surveys

KW - Debris disks

KW - Circumstellar dust

KW - Exoplanet systems

KW - Protoplanetary disks

KW - Direct imaging

KW - Near infrared astronomy

KW - Circumstellar disks

KW - Coronagraphic imaging

KW - Polarimetry

U2 - 10.3847/1538-3881/ab9199

DO - 10.3847/1538-3881/ab9199

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-6256

VL - 160

JO - Astronomical Journal

JF - Astronomical Journal

IS - 1

M1 - 24

ER -

Debris disk results from the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey's polarimetric imaging campaign

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Keywords

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